Ayoreo language
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Ayoreo is a Zamucoan language spoken in both Paraguay and Bolivia. It is also known as Morotoco, Moro, Ayoweo, Ayoré, and Pyeta Yovai. However, the name "Ayoreo" is more common in Bolivia, and "Morotoco" in Paraguay. It is spoken by the Ayoreo people, an indigenous ethnic group traditionally living on a combined hunter-gatherer and farming lifestyle.
Classification
Ayoreo is classified as a Zamucoan language, along with Chamacoco. Extinct Guarañoca may have been a dialect.
Geographic distribution
Ayoreo is spoken in both Paraguay and Bolivia, with 3,100 speakers total, 1,700 of whom live in Paraguay and 1,400 in Bolivia. Within Paraguay, Ayoreo is spoken in the Chaco Department and the northern parts of the Alto Paraguay Department. In Bolivia, it is spoken in the Cordillera Province, in the Santa Cruz Department.
Phonology
Bertinetto (2009) reports that Ayoreo has the 5 vowels Script error: No such module "IPA"., which appear both as oral and nasal.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | |
| prenasal | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | |||
| Affricate | Template:IPA link | |||||
| Fricative | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | ||||
| Nasal | voiceless | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | ||
| voiced | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | ||
| Approximant | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | |||
Template:IPAslink can also be heard as Template:IPAblink.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Grammar
The prototypical constituent order is subject-verb-object, as seen in the following examples:Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Ayoreo is a fusional language.[1]
Verbs agree with their subjects, but there is no tense-inflection.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Consider the following paradigm, which has prefixes marking person and suffixes marking number:Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
| Script error: No such module "Lang". | I plant |
| Script error: No such module "Lang". | you plant |
| Script error: No such module "Lang". | he, she, they plant |
| Script error: No such module "Lang". | we plant |
| Script error: No such module "Lang". | you (pl) plant |
When the verb root contains a nasal, there are nasalized variants of the agreement affixes:
| Script error: No such module "Lang". | I spread |
| Script error: No such module "Lang". | you spread |
| Script error: No such module "Lang". | he, she, they spread |
| Script error: No such module "Lang". | we spread |
| Script error: No such module "Lang". | you (pl) spread |
Ayoreo is a mood-prominent language.[1] Nouns can be divided into possessable and non-possessable; possessor agreement is expressed through a prefixation.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Unsubst". The syntax of Ayoreo is characterized by the presence of para-hypotactical structures.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Notes
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References
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External links
- Template:Cite videoTemplate:Cbignore
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". The page provides colored linguistic maps (habitat, other language families).
- Sorosoro Project
- Lenguas de Bolivia Script error: No such module "webarchive". (online edition)
- ELAR archive of Documentation and Description of Paraguayan Ayoreo, a Language of the Chaco
- Ayoreo (Intercontinental Dictionary Series)
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