Autonomous administrative division

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "about".An autonomous administrative division (also referred to as an autonomous area, zone, entity, unit, region, subdivision, province, or territory) is a subnational administrative division or internal territory of a sovereign state that has a degree of autonomy — self-governance — under the national government. Autonomous areas are distinct from other constituent units of a federation (e.g. a state, or province) in that they possess unique powers for their given circumstances. Typically, it is either geographically distinct from the rest of the state or populated by a national minority, which may exercise home rule. Decentralization of self-governing powers and functions to such divisions is a way for a national government to try to increase democratic participation or administrative efficiency or to defuse internal conflicts. States that include autonomous areas may be federacies, federations, or confederations. Autonomous areas can be divided into territorial autonomies, subregional territorial autonomies, and local autonomies.

List of major autonomous areas

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Division State Notes
Template:Flagicon Azad Kashmir Controlled by: Template:Country data Pakistan
Claimed by: Template:Country data India 		Azad Kashmir is a self-governing polity which has not been formally annexed by Pakistan. It was established after a rebellion against the Maharajah of Kashmir, and the subsequent First Kashmir War.[1] It is located within the historic Kashmir region, which is disputed between India, Pakistan and China.
Template:Plainlist Template:Country data United Kingdom Three of the four constituent countries of the United Kingdom, namely Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, each have an elected, devolved legislature which has the ability to legislate in devolved matters. The Parliament of the United Kingdom which retains sovereignty (the United Kingdom is a unitary state), can dissolve the devolved legislatures at any time, and legislates in matters that are not devolved, as well as having the capacity to legislate in areas that are devolved (by constitutional convention, without the agreement of the devolved legislature). Formerly, both Scotland and England were fully sovereign states.
Template:Plainlist Template:Country data Denmark The two autonomous territories[2] (Template:Langx, Template:Langx, Template:Langx) of the realm of the Kingdom, the Faroe Islands and Greenland, each have an elected devolved legislature which has the ability to legislate in devolved matters. The Kingdom Parliament 'Folketinget' retains sovereignty (The Kingdom of Denmark is a unitary state) and legislates in matters that are not devolved, as well as having the capacity to legislate in areas that are devolved (this does not normally occur without the agreement of the devolved legislature).
Tobago Template:Country data Trinidad and Tobago The Tobago House of Assembly is a devolved legislature that is responsible for the island of Tobago.[3]
Template:Country data Vojvodina Template:Country data Serbia
Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija Controlled by: Template:Country data Kosovo
Claimed by: Template:Country data Serbia 		In 2008, Kosovo unilaterally declared itself as an independent state. Its international recognition is split between those who recognize it as an independent state and those who view it as an autonomous province of Serbia under United Nations administration.
Template:Country data Åland Template:Country data Finland
Template:Plainlist Template:Country data Portugal Although Portugal is a unitary state, its two autonomous regions have elected, devolved legislatures (Regional Legislative Assemblies of the Azores and Madeira) and local government (Governments of the Azores and Madeira) which have the ability to legislate in devolved matters.
Template:Flagicon image Bangsamoro Template:Country data Philippines
Template:Country data Bougainville Template:Country data Papua New Guinea
Template:Plainlist Template:Country data People's Republic of China The special administrative regions have the highest degree of autonomy from the central government in Beijing. Autonomous regions contain a large minority ethnic group.
Template:Plainlist Template:Country data Somalia Somaliland is a self-declared independent state, although it is internationally considered an autonomous region in northwestern Somalia.
Template:Flagicon image North Caribbean Coast Template:Country data Nicaragua
Template:Flagicon image South Caribbean Coast
Template:Country data Rodrigues Template:Country data Mauritius
Template:Flagicon image Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria Template:Country data Syria
Template:Flagicon image Zanzibar Template:Country data Tanzania
Nakhchivan Template:Country data Azerbaijan
Template:Flagicon image Adjara Template:Country data Georgia
Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia Claimed by: Template:Country data Georgia
Controlled by: Template:Country data Abkhazia 		In 1999, the Republic of Abkhazia declared its independence from Georgia after the 1992–1993 war. Georgia and most of the U.N. member states have not recognized Abkhazia's independence and still has an administrative apparatus for the claimed Autonomous Republic; its independence is recognized by Russia and three other U.N. member states.
Gorno-Badakhshan Template:Country data Tajikistan
Template:Flagicon image Republic of Crimea /Template:Flagicon image Autonomous Republic of Crimea De jure: Template:Country data Ukraine
Controlled by: Template:Country data Russia 		The 2014 annexation of Crimea by Russia is not recognized by most countries, including Ukraine.
Template:Flagicon image Karakalpakstan Template:Country data Uzbekistan
Template:Flagicon image Gagauzia Template:Country data Moldova
Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester Claimed by: Template:Country data Moldova
Controlled by: Template:Country data Transnistria 		In 1990, the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, commonly known as Transnistria) declared its independence from the Soviet Union. While Moldova has not formally recognized Transnistria's independence and still has an administrative apparatus for the claimed Autonomous Territorial Unit, its independence is recognized by 3 other non-UN member states.
Template:Plainlist Template:Country data Chile In 2007, the Chamber of Deputies of Chile passed a law designating both as "special territories", granting them more autonomy.[4] Additionally, the Juan Fernandez Islands archipelago is a commune, while Easter Island is both a commune and a province.
Template:Flagicon image Barbuda (1976) Template:Country data Antigua and Barbuda
Rotuma Template:Country data Fiji
Template:Flagicon Kurdistan Region (2005) Template:Country data Iraq Semi-autonomous federal region of Iraq; the constitution of Iraq gives a degree of autonomy to administrative divisions, such as regions and provinces, in matters that are not within the exclusive remit of the federal government of Iraq. Regional law may take priority (in case of dispute) if the law falls within the remit of "shared authorities" and does not contradict with the provisions of the constitution of Iraq.[5] The Federal Supreme Court of Iraq has the authority to repeal and amend regional law.[6]Template:Efn
Template:Country data Nevis (1967) Template:Country data Saint Kitts and Nevis
Template:Flagicon image Autonomous Region of Príncipe (1995) Template:Country data São Tomé and Príncipe
Svalbard Template:Country data Norway Although it does not fit the definition of autonomous area (not possessing partial internal sovereignty), Svalbard has the sovereignty of Norway limited by the Spitsbergen Treaty of 1920 and therefore is considered as having special status (as it is considered fully integrated with Norway, and not a dependency, it is a sui generis case).
Template:Country data Heligoland Template:Country data Germany Heligoland, Germany: Although it is part of a German state, Schleswig-Holstein, it has been excluded of some European Union normatives, such as customs union and the Value Added Tax Area.
Template:Flagicon image Büsingen am Hochrhein Despite being integral parts of their respective countries, these two enclaves of Switzerland predominantly use the Swiss franc as currency and are in customs union with Switzerland.
Template:Flagicon image Campione d'Italia Template:Country data Italy
Template:Flagicon image Zapatista Territories Template:Country data Mexico a de facto autonomous region controlled or partially controlled by neo-Zapatista support bases in the Mexican state of Chiapas since the Zapatista uprising in 1994 and during the wider Chiapas conflict.[7]
Template:Plainlist Template:Country data Russia
Template:Country data Donetsk People's Republic Controlled by: Template:Country data Russia
Claimed by: Template:Country data Ukraine 		Sovereignty disputed by Ukraine as Donetsk Oblast
Template:Country data Luhansk People's Republic Controlled by: Template:Country data Russia
Claimed by: Template:Country data Ukraine 		Sovereignty disputed by Ukraine as Luhansk Oblast

Other territories considered autonomous

British Crown Dependencies

Division State Notes
Template:Country data Guernsey Template:Country data United Kingdom Guernsey, the Isle of Man, and Jersey are self-governing Crown Dependencies which are not part of the United Kingdom; however, the UK is responsible for their defence and international affairs.
Template:Country data Isle of Man
Template:Country data Jersey

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British Overseas Territories

Division State Notes
Template:Country data Anguilla Template:Country data United Kingdom
Template:Country data Bermuda
Template:Country data British Virgin Islands
Template:Country data Cayman Islands
Template:Country data Falkland Islands
Template:Country data Gibraltar Gibraltar is a self-governing overseas territory of the UK
Template:Country data Montserrat
Template:Country data Pitcairn
Template:Country data Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
Template:Country data Turks and Caicos Islands

Dutch constituent countries

Division State Notes
Template:Country data Aruba Template:Country data Kingdom of the Netherlands
Template:Country data Curaçao
Template:Country data Sint Maarten
Template:Country data Netherlands

Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten are autonomous countries within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, each with their own parliament. In addition they enjoy autonomy in taxation matters as well as having their own currencies.

French overseas collectivities, New Caledonia, and Corsica

Division State Notes
Template:Flagicon image Alsace (2021)Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Template:Country data France single territorial collectivity
Template:Country data Corsica (2018)Script error: No such module "Unsubst". single territorial collectivity
Template:Flagicon image French Guiana overseas region and department and single territorial collectivity
Template:Flagicon image Guadeloupe overseas region and department
Template:Flagicon image Martinique overseas region and department and single territorial collectivity
Template:Country data Mayotte overseas region and department
Template:Flagicon image Réunion overseas region and department
Template:Country data French Polynesia overseas collectivity
Template:Country data Saint-Barthélemy overseas collectivity
Template:Flagicon image Saint-Martin overseas collectivity
Template:Country data Saint-Pierre and Miquelon overseas collectivity
Template:Country data Wallis and Futuna overseas collectivity
Template:Country data New Caledonia sui generis collectivity

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The French Constitution recognises three autonomous jurisdictions. Corsica, a region of France, enjoys a greater degree of autonomy on matters such as tax and education compared to mainland regions.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". New Caledonia, a sui generis collectivity, and French Polynesia, an overseas collectivity, are highly autonomous territories with their own government, legislature, currency, and constitution. They do not, however, have legislative powers for policy areas relating to law and order, defense, border control or university education. Other smaller overseas collectivities have a lesser degree of autonomy through local legislatures. The five overseas regions, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, and Réunion, are generally governed the same as mainland regions; however, they enjoy some additional powers, including certain legislative powers for devolved areas.

New Zealand overseas territories

Division State Notes
Template:Country data Cook Islands Template:Country data New Zealand The Cook Islands is a self-governing country in free association with New Zealand that maintains some international relationships in its own name.
Template:Country data Niue Niue is a self-governing country in free association with New Zealand that maintains some international relationships in its own name.
Template:Country data Tokelau Tokelau is an autonomous dependency of New Zealand.

New Zealand maintains nominal sovereignty over three Pacific Island nations, the Cook Islands, Niue and Tokelau. The Chatham Islands—despite having the designation of Territory—is an integral part of the country, situated within the New Zealand archipelago; its council is not autonomous and has broadly the same powers as other local councils, although notably it can also charge levies on goods entering or leaving the islands.[8]

Ethnic autonomous territories

Areas designated for indigenous peoples

Division State Notes
Nisga'a Template:Country data Canada Created by the Nisga'a Final Agreement in 2000. The Nisga'a Territory runs semi-autonomously from the rest of Canada. Located in Northwestern British Columbia, within kilometres of the Alaska Panhandle.
Template:Country data Nunatsiavut
Template:Country data Tłı̨chǫ
Haida Nation
Toquaht
Ucluelet
Tsawwassen
Tla'amin Nation
Huu-ay-aht
Kyuquot/Cheklesahht
Uchucklesaht
Template:Country data Hopi Reservation Template:Country data United States
Template:Country data Cherokee Nation
Template:Flagicon image Sac and Fox Nation
Template:Country data Choctaw Nation
Template:Flagicon image Pine Ridge Indian Reservation
Template:Country data Navajo Nation
Template:Country data Haudenosaunee
Template:Flagicon image Colorado River Indian Tribes
Emberá-Wounaan Template:Country data Panama
Kuna de Madugandí
Kuna de Wargandí
Template:Flagicon image Guna Yala
Template:Flagicon image Ngöbe-Buglé
Template:Flagicon image Naso Tjër Di Comarca

Other areas that are autonomous in nature but not in name are areas designated for indigenous peoples, such as those of the Americas:

Ethiopian special woredas

In Ethiopia, "special woredas" are a subgroup of woredas (districts) that are organized around the traditional homelands of specific ethnic minorities, and are outside the usual hierarchy of a kilil, or region. These woredas have many similarities to autonomous areas in other countries.

Proposed autonomous administrative divisions

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Formal proposals

The following autonomous regions have been proposed but not implemented following unsuccessful referendums:

The following autonomous regions were initially rejected in a referendum but were subsequently approved in a future referendum:

The following autonomous regions have been proposed as part of peace agreements:

Campaigns

Historical autonomous administrative divisions

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See also

Notes

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References

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Works cited

Template:Autonomous types of first-tier administration Template:Terms for types of country subdivisions Template:Secession in Countries Template:Irredentism

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  3. ↑ Tobago Division Of Tourism - About Tobago, Governance Template:Webarchive
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