National anthem of Austria
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The National Anthem of Austria (Template:Langx), also known by its incipit "Script error: No such module "Lang"." (Script error: No such module "IPA".; 'Land of the Peaks, Land by the Stream'), was adopted without lyrics in 1946. The melody, which at that time was incorrectly attributed to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, was matched with a text by Paula von Preradović the following year.
The melody's origin is not definitively known, and over time several possible composers have been suggested; today it is usually attributed to either Template:Ill or Paul Wranitzky.
History
Nineteen days before his death on 5 December 1791, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart composed his last complete work, the Freimaurerkantate, K. 623. In parts of the printed edition of this cantata there appeared the song K. 623a "Script error: No such module "Lang"." ("Let us with joined hands"). To this melody the Austrian national anthem is sung. Today, Mozart's authorship is regarded as dubious and the song is attributed to Template:Ill (either solely or co-authored with Mozart)[1] or Paul Wranitzky.[2]
Before the World War II Anschluss, Austria's state anthem was "Script error: No such module "Lang".", set to the tune of Haydn's "Script error: No such module "Lang".", the state anthem of imperial Austria since 1797. The current German national anthem "Script error: No such module "Lang"." uses the same tune, but with different words (it was also the co-national anthem of Germany during National Socialist rule). To avoid the association, and because singing it was banned for a time after the war, a new state anthem was created. The lyrics were written by Paula von Preradović.[3] On 22 October 1946, the song was officially declared Austria's national anthem, albeit without words. Lyrics were added in February 1947. On 1 January 2012, parts of the lyrics were changed to make the composition gender-neutral.
Attempts at gender-neutral language
Since the 1990s, several attempts have been made to modify the lyrics to use more gender-neutral language. In 2005, Women's Minister Maria Rauch-Kallat of the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) stated her objection to the words sons, fraternal and fatherland in the lyrics and proposed changes.[4] Her proposal met strong resistance by Austria's largest newspaper, the Kronen Zeitung, and failed to gain support from the then coalition partner, the Alliance for the Future of Austria (BZÖ).
In January 2010, Austrian pop singer Christina Stürmer presented a pop rock version of the hymn "Heimat bist du großer Söhne Template:Em" ('Thou art home to great sons Template:Em')[5][6] as part of a campaign by the Austrian federal ministry of education. She was sued for violation of copyright by the estate of Paula von Preradović but subsequently cleared by the Austrian Supreme Court of Justice[7] who called it "a mere modernisation" and allowed the version to stand.
Since 1 January 2012, a few words in the state anthem are different from before. The text and notes of the state anthem were officially codified in the Federal Act of the National Anthem of the Republic of Austria.[8]
Lyrics
Only the first verse is considered official and performed during official events.
| German original[9] | IPA transcriptionTemplate:Efn | English translationScript error: No such module "Unsubst". |
|---|---|---|
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[ˈlant dɛɐ ˈbɛɐ.gə lant am ˈʃtroː.mə |] |
Land of mountains, land on the river, |
Slovene verse
A Slovene-language version of the third verse was written for the Carinthian Slovenes of Carinthia. It was translated from the pre-2012 German version of the third verse.[10]
- Hrabro v novi čas stopimo,
- prosto, verno, glej, hodimo;
- upa polni, delavni.
- Bratski zbor prisega hkrati,
- domovini zvestobo dati.
- 𝄆 Ljubljena nam Avstrija. 𝄇
Music
<score sound="1"> <<
\new Voice="melody" \relative c { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"choir aahs" \tempo 4 = 78
\autoBeamOff
\override Score.BarNumber #'transparent = ##t
%\voiceOne
\language "deutsch"
\key f \major
\time 3/4
% \override FirstVoice.DynamicText.direction = #UP
c2^\f b4 a2 b8 [( c )]
d2 c4 c8 [( b )] b4 r
b2 a4 g2 a8 [( b )]
c2 b4 b8 [( a )] a4 r
h2 c4 d2 e4 f ( d ) h c2 r4
g2^\p a4 c ( b ) g a2 d8 b a4 g r
g2 a4 c ( b ) g a2 d8 [( b )] a4 g r
b2^\f a4 d2 c4 c8 [ ( b ] a4 ) g a2 r4
d2^\ff c4 e2 f8 [( c )] c [ ( b ] a4 ) g f2 r4
}
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" {
Land der Ber -- ge, Land am Stro -- me,
Land der Ä -- cker, Land der Do -- me,
Land der Häm -- mer, zu -- kunfts -- reich!
Hei -- mat gro -- ßer
\set ignoreMelismata = ##t
Töch -- ter und Söh -- ne,
\unset ignoreMelismata
Volk, be -- gna -- det für das Schö -- ne:
viel -- ge -- rühm -- tes Ös -- ter -- reich.
Viel -- ge -- rühm -- tes Ös -- ter -- reich.
}
>> </score>
Parodies
Otto and Fritz Molden
The same evening after von Preradović learned that her lyrics were chosen for the national anthem, her sons Otto and Template:Ill composed a satirical version of them.[11]
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Land of the peas, land of the beans,
Land of the four zones of occupation,
we sell thee on the black market!
And up there over the Hermannskogel
gladly the federal bird flutters.
Much beloved Austria!
According to media researcher Template:Ill, the first two of these lines were popular in the schools of Vienna in 1955.[12]
Drahdiwaberl
In 1979, the music group Template:Ill released their parody of "Land der Berge, Land am Strone", titled "Kaiserhymne / Pink Punk Shirt". The following text is modeled after von Preradović's lyrics and sung to the same tune.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
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Land of the fields, land of holy place
Land on the river without atoms,
Land of titles and diplomas
Home thou art of great sons
Home thou art of great daughters
Additional verse from feminists
Land of the impossibly limited,
Land of the peaks, the most beautiful,
Land of lakes and the Lipizzans,
The Prohaskas and the Klammer
Land of the crown, land of the Staberl
Land of the Drahdiwaberl group.
Rotzpipn
In 2012, the Viennese band Rotzpipn won the 9th protest song contest with their "Hymne 2.0". The jury included Ernst Molden, grandson of Paula von Preradović, who gave the group the highest score.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Notes
References
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- ↑ Werke zweifelhafter Echtheit – Band 3 Orchesterwerke und Lieder, vol. X/29/3, pp. xxxiii, xxxiv, Neue Mozart-Ausgabe Template:In lang
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"., year 73
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Template:Replace on YouTubeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- ↑ Entscheidung des OGH 4 Ob 171/10s vom 15. Dezember 2010. Fundstelle JBl 2011,313 = MR 2011,79 (Walter) = ÖBl-LS 2011/44 = ÖBl-LS 2011/45 – Bundeshymne II/Rock me Paula.
- ↑ Decision "Bundeshymne II/Rock me Paula", Supreme Court of Justice (Austria) (4Ob171/10s, 15 December 2010) Template:In lang
- ↑ Bundesgesetzblatt I Nr. 127/2011, 27 December 2011 Template:In lang
- ↑ Bundesgesetzblatt I Nr. 127/2011, 27 December 2011, text and melody (in German)
- ↑ Vgl. „Land der Berge, Land am Strome“ in der slowenischsprachigen Wikipedia: „Uradni prevod tretje kitice, ki ga pojejo na Koroškem“ (deutsch: „Offizielle Übersetzung der dritten Strophe, die in Kärnten gesungen wird“). Vgl. auch Peter Diem in Austria-Lexikon, der jedoch fälschlich angibt, es handle sich um die erste Strophe.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Template:Austriaforum by Peter Diem
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External links
- Template:Sister-inline
- Template:NMA
- Bundeshymne at Chancellery, Austrian Federal Government
- "Land der Berge, Land am Strome" – audio, lyrics and information (archive link)
- Vocal version
- Instrumental version
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