Aspicilia

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Aspicilia (sunken disk lichen) is a genus of mostly crustose areolate lichens that grow on rock. Most members have black apothecia discs that are slightly immersed in the areolas, hence the common name"[1]Template:RpGiven the same reason, the naming of Aspicilia is derived from the Greek word for "shield concave".[2]

Most of the species of this genus grow on calcareous and acidic rocks and most of the taxa prefer temperate and arctic habitats.

Some members of the genus Aspicilia are pioneer species on granite and other hard rock, after which members of other lichen species may grow on them, such as members of Acarospora.[3]

Description

Members of this genus are weakly cracked to distinctly areolate, with a scattered to whole thalli. Some of the species of this genus are disc-shaped with plicate lobes at the circumference; these lobes may appear chalky white, grayish, greenish or brownish. Some possess vegetative means of propagation such as isidia (column-like structures of fungal and algal cells normally found on the top-side or outer cortex of the lichen) and soredia (structures that produce soralia, granule-like masses of intertwined fungal and algal cells occurring on top of the cortex and on the margins).

They have characteristic ascomata which are mostly immersed but occasionally emergent. They have 4 to 8 spored asci that are cylindrical to club-shaped. Their ascospores are typically ellipsoid to globose in shape, colorless and thin-walled. They often contain β-orcinol depsidones (secondary metabolites of lichens) such as norstictic acid and stictic acids; others have fatty acids or triterpenes. In genus Aspicilia dramatic changes in growth forms are very common, and some taxa may display extreme transitions within the same population or even changes within the same thallus.[4]

Classification

Previously placed in the family Hymeneliaceae, phylogenetic analyses indicate that the genus is better placed in the family Megasporaceae.[5]

Species

since October 2021Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., Species Fungorum accepts 70 species of Aspicilia.[6]

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  • Aspicilia abbasiana S.Y.Kondr., Lőkös, Ismayil & S.Y.Guo (2016)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia albosparsa (Werner) S.Y.Kondr. (2002)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia angelica Owe-Larss. & A.Nordin (2007)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia aquatica (Fr.) Körb. (1855)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia arizonica Owe-Larss. & A.Nordin (2007)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia armeniaca (Werner) S.Y.Kondr. (2002)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia aurantiaca Owe-Larss. & A.Nordin (2007)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia auricularis (Werner) S.Y.Kondr. (2002)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia berntii A.Nordin, Tibell & Owe-Larss. (2008)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia bicensis F.Anderson & Lendemer (2016)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia blastidiata Paukov, A.Nordin & Tibell (2015)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia boykinii Owe-Larss. & A.Nordin (2007)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia brucei Owe-Larss. & A.Nordin (2007)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia calcitrapa Cl.Roux & A.Nordin (2011Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia californica Rosentr. (1998Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia candida (Anzi) Hue (1912)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia cinerea (L.) Körb. (1855)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia confusa Owe-Larss. & A.Nordin (2007)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia corallophora (Poelt) Hafellner & Türk (2001)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia cuprea Owe-Larss. & A. Nordin (2007)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia cyanescens Owe-Larss. & A. Nordin (2007)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia desertorum (Kremp.) Mereschk. (1911)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia dubertretii (Werner) S.Y.Kondr. (2002)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia endochlora (Hook. f. & Taylor) C.W.Dodge (1948)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia epiglypta (Norrl. ex Nyl.) Hue (1912)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia euphratica (Werner) S.Y.Kondr. (2002)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia expansa (Lynge) Alstrup & E.S.Hansen (2001)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia fluviatilis A.Nordin & Owe-Larss. (2010)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia fruticulosofoliacea (Elenkin) Sohrabi (2010)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia fumosa Owe-Larss. & A.Nordin (2007)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia granulosa A.Nordin (2010)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia grisea Arnold (1891)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia guadalupensis Owe-Larss. & A.Nordin (2007)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia humida Lee (2022)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[7] – South Korea
  • Aspicilia knudsenii Owe-Larss. & A.Nordin (2007)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia laevata (Ach.) Arnold (1887)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia major (Lynge) Øvstedal (2009)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[8] – Falkland Islands
  • Aspicilia nashii Owe-Larss. & A.Nordin (2007)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia niesenensis (H.Magn.) Hafellner (2018)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia ochromelaena (Zahlbr.) J.C.Wei (1991)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia olivaceobrunnea Owe-Larss. & A.Nordin (2007)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia olivaceopallida (H.Magn.) Lendemer (2013)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia pacifica Owe-Larss. & A.Nordin (2007)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia peltastictoides (Hasse) K.Knudsen & Kocourk. (2013)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia persica (Müll.Arg.) Sohrabi (2008)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia phaea Owe-Larss. & A.Nordin (2007)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia prestensis Cl.Roux & A.Nordin (2011)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia pseudoabbasiana S.Y.Kondr., Lőkös & Hur (2016)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia pseudovulcanica S.Y.Kondr., Lőkös & Hur (2016)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia punctiformis (Lynge) Øvstedal (2009)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia reagens (Zahlbr.) Cl.Roux & M.Bertrand (2016)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia santamonicae Owe-Larss. & A.Nordin (2007)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia serpentinicola Suza ex A.Nordin (2013)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia sipeana (H. Magn.) Owe-Larss. & A.Nordin (2007)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia stalagmitica Paukov & Davydov (2020)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia straussii (J.Steiner) Sohrabi (2008)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia subcaesia J.C.Wei (1991)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia subdepressa Arnold (1869)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia subepiglypta S.Y.Kondr., Lőkös & Hur (2016)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia subfarinosa (J.Steiner) Şenkard. & Sohrabi (2011)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia subgeographica S.Y.Kondr., Lőkös & Hur (2016)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia subgoettweigensis S.Y.Kondr., Lőkös & Hur (2016)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia submamillata S.Y.Kondr., Lőkös & Hur (2016)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia substerilis Sipman (2007)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia substictica Owe-Larss. & A.Nordin (2007)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia taurica (Mereschk.) Hafellner (2004)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia tuberculosa (Ach.) J.R.Laundon (1986)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Aspicilia verrucigera Hue (1912)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Gallery

References

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  1. ↑ Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, Template:ISBN
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ ACAROPSPORA, Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 3., Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bugartz, F., (eds.) 2001, [1]
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

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