Lists of earthquakes
(Redirected from Asia quake)
Template:Use mdy dates Earthquakes are caused by movements within the Earth's crust and uppermost mantle. They range from weak events detectable only by seismometers, to sudden and violent events lasting many minutes which have caused some of the greatest disasters in human history. Below, earthquakes are listed by period, region or country, year, magnitude, cost, fatalities, and number of scientific studies.
Deadliest earthquakes
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The following is a summary list of earthquakes with over approximately 100,000 deaths.[1] The 893 Ardabil earthquake is most likely the same as the 893 Dvin earthquake, due to misreading of the Arabic word for Dvin, "Dabil" as "Ardabil".[2][3] Template:Static-row-numbers Template:Sticky headerTemplate:Static-row-numbers
| Event | Date | Location | Template:Shy | Template:Shy | Notes on fatalities |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1976 Tangshan earthquake | Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort". Hebei, China | 300,000+[4] | 7.6 | Internal Tangshan reports found 263,299 local deaths. Official nationwide deaths stated to be 242,769. Scholars estimated >300,000.[4][5] |
| 1920 Haiyuan earthquake | Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort". Ningxia–Gansu, China | 273,400 | 7.8 | Previously cited death toll was 230,000 and this figure was revised in 2010.[6][7] |
| 526 Antioch earthquake | Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort". Antioch, Byzantine Empire (modern-day File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey) | 250,000[8] | 7.0[9] | Procopius (II.14.6), sources based on John of Ephesus. |
| 1139 Ganja earthquake | Template:Dts | Ganja, Seljuk Empire (modern-day Script error: No such module "sort". Azerbaijan) | 230,000–300,000[10] | 7.0 Template:M | Death toll may have been a historical conflation with earthquakes on November 1137 in the Jazira plain and the 1138 Aleppo earthquake.[11] |
| 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami | Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort". Sumatra, Indonesia | 227,898 | 9.2 | Death toll includes those missing and presumed dead.[10] |
| 1303 Hongdong earthquake | Template:Dts | Shanxi, Yuan dynasty (modern-day Script error: No such module "sort". China) | 200,000[12] | 8.0 | |
| 856 Damghan earthquake | Template:Dts | Damghan, Abbasid Caliphate (modern-day Script error: No such module "sort". Iran) | 200,000 | 7.9 Ms | |
| 1138 Aleppo earthquake | Template:Dts | Aleppo, Seljuk Empire (modern-day Script error: No such module "sort". Syria) | 130,000–230,000[13] | 7.1[13] | The figure of 230,000 dead is based on a historical conflation of this earthquake with earthquakes in November 1137 on the Jazira plain and the 1139 Ganja earthquake in the Azerbaijani city of Ganja. The first mention of a 230,000 death toll was by Ibn Taghribirdi in the fifteenth century.[11] |
| 533 Aleppo earthquake | Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort". Aleppo, Byzantine Empire (modern-day Syria) | 130,000[14] | Unknown | |
| 1948 Ashgabat earthquake | Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort". Ashgabat, Turkmen SSR (modern-day [[Turkmenistan|Template:Shy]]) | 110,000 | 7.3 Template:M | Previously cited death toll was 10,000 until a news release on December 9, 1988, advised that the correct death toll was 110,000.[10] |
| 1923 Great Kantō earthquake | Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort". Kantō region, Japan | 105,385[15] | 7.9 | Casualty estimates range from 100,000 to 142,800, the latter figure including 40,000 missing later presumed dead. |
| 1556 Shaanxi earthquake | Template:Dts | Shaanxi, modern-day Script error: No such module "sort". China | 100,000 | 8.0 | Direct deaths thought to be just over 100,000 while about 730,000 people died from famines or migrated elsewhere.[16][17][18][19] |
| 2010 Haiti earthquake | Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort". Haiti | 46,000–316,000 | 7.0 | Estimates vary from 316,000 (Haitian government) to 222,570 (UN OCHA estimate)[20] to 158,000 (Medicine, Conflict and Survival) to between 46,000 and 85,000 (report commissioned by USAID).[21][22] |
| 1290 Zhili earthquake | Template:Dts | Ningcheng, Yuan dynasty (modern-day Script error: No such module "sort". China) | 7,000–100,000 | 6.8 Template:M | Estimates also suggests lower values of at least 7,000.[23] |
Deadliest earthquakes by year since 1920
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Strongest earthquakes by magnitude
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For those which occurred before the development and deployment of seismographs – starting around 1900 – magnitudes are estimated from historical reports of the extent and severity of damage.[32]
| Rank | Date | Location | Event | Magnitude |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Template:Dts | ChileScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Valdivia, Chile | 1960 Valdivia earthquake | 9.4–9.6[33] |
| 2 | Template:Dts | United StatesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Prince William Sound, Alaska, United States | 1964 Alaska earthquake | 9.2–9.3[34] |
| Template:Dts | IndonesiaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Sumatra, Indonesia | 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake | 9.2–9.3[35][36] | |
| 4 | Template:Dts | JapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Pacific Ocean, Tōhoku region, Japan | 2011 Tōhoku earthquake | 9.0–9.1[37][38] |
| 5 | Template:Dts | Soviet UnionScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Kamchatka, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union | 1952 Severo-Kurilsk earthquake | 8.8–9.0[39] |
| 6 | Template:Dts | ChileScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Maule, Chile | 2010 Chile earthquake | 8.8[40] |
| Template:Dts | RussiaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Kamchatka, Russia | 2025 Kamchatka earthquake | 8.8[41] | |
| Template:Dts | EcuadorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".ColombiaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Esmeraldas, Ecuador – Colombia | 1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake | 8.5–8.8[42] | |
| 9 | Template:Dts | United StatesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Rat Islands, Alaska, United States | 1965 Rat Islands earthquake | 8.7[43] |
| Template:Dts | IndiaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".ChinaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Assam, India – Tibet, China | 1950 Assam–Tibet earthquake | 8.7[44] | |
| 11 | Template:Dts | United StatesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Aleutian Islands, Alaska, United States | 1946 Aleutian Islands earthquake | 8.6[44] |
| Template:Dts | United StatesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Andreanof Islands, Alaska, United States | 1957 Andreanof Islands earthquake | 8.6[44] | |
| Template:Dts | IndonesiaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Sumatra, Indonesia | 2005 Nias–Simeulue earthquake | 8.6[44] | |
| Template:Dts | IndonesiaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Sumatra, Indonesia | 2012 Indian Ocean earthquakes | 8.6[44] | |
| 15 | Template:Dts | ChileScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Atacama, Chile | 1922 Vallenar earthquake | 8.3–8.6[45] |
| Template:Dts | Dutch East IndiesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Banda Sea, Indonesia (then part of the Dutch East Indies) | 1938 Banda Sea earthquake | 8.5–8.6 | |
| 17 | Template:Dts | JapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Iwate Prefecture, Japan | 1933 Sanriku earthquake | 8.4–8.5[46] |
| Template:Dts | Soviet UnionScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Kuril Islands, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union | 1963 Kuril Islands earthquake | 8.5[47] | |
| Template:Dts | IndonesiaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Bengkulu Province, Indonesia | 2007 Bengkulu earthquakes | 8.4–8.5[48] |
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Pre-instrumental earthquakes
| Date | Location | Event | Magnitude (est.) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort". Valparaíso, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire) | 1730 Valparaíso earthquake | 9.1–9.3[49] |
| Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort". Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian Empire | 1737 Kamchatka earthquake | 9.0–9.3 |
| Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort". Valdivia, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire) | 1575 Valdivia earthquake | 9.0 |
| Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort". Arica, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire) | 1604 Arica earthquake | 9.0 |
| Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort". Kamchatka, Russian Empire | 1841 Kamchatka earthquake | 9.0 |
| Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort". Valdivia, Chile | 1837 Valdivia earthquake | 8.8–9.5[50] |
| Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort". Pacific Ocean, Atacama region (now Atacama, Chile) | 1420 Caldera earthquake | 8.8–9.4 |
| Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort". Sumatra, Indonesia (then part of the Dutch East Indies) | 1833 Sumatra earthquake | 8.8–9.2 |
| Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort". Arica, Peru (now part of present-day Chile) | 1868 Arica earthquake | 8.8–9.1[51] |
| Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort". Banda Islands, Indonesia (then part of the Dutch East Indies) | 1852 Banda Sea earthquake | 8.8[52] |
| Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort". Pacific Ocean, Shikoku region, Japan | 1707 Hōei earthquake | 8.7–9.3[53] |
| Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort".File:Flag of Great Britain (1707–1800).svg Pacific Ocean, US, and Canada (then claimed by the Spanish Empire and the British Empire) | 1700 Cascadia earthquake | 8.7–9.2 |
| Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort". Iquique, Chile (then Peru) | 1877 Iquique earthquake | 8.7–8.9 |
| Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort". Lima, Peru (then part of the Spanish Empire) | 1687 Peru earthquake | 8.7 |
| Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort". Pacific Ocean, Tōhoku region, Japan | 869 Jōgan earthquake | 8.6–9.0 |
| Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort". Lima, Peru (then part of the Spanish Empire) | 1746 Lima–Callao earthquake | 8.6–8.8 |
| Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort". Pacific Ocean, Chūbu region, Japan | 1498 Meiō earthquake | 8.6 |
| Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort". Oaxaca, Mexico (then part of the Spanish Empire) | 1787 New Spain earthquake | 8.6 |
| Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort". Atlantic Ocean, Lisbon, Portugal | 1816 North Atlantic earthquake | 8.6 |
| Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort". Atlantic Ocean, Lisbon, Portugal | 1755 Lisbon earthquake | 8.5–9.0 |
| Template:Dts | File:Flag of the British East India Company (1707).svg Chittagong, Bangladesh (then Kingdom of Mrauk U) | 1762 Arakan earthquake | 8.5–8.8 |
| Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort". Mediterranean Sea, Crete, Greece | 365 Crete earthquake | 8.5 |
| Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort". Atlantic Ocean, Lisbon, Portugal | 1356 Lisbon earthquake | 8.5 |
| Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort". Shandong, China | 1668 Shandong earthquake | 8.5[54] |
| Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort". Concepción, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire) | 1751 Concepción earthquake | 8.5 |
| Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort". Atlantic Ocean, Lisbon, Portugal | 1761 Lisbon earthquake | 8.5[55] |
| Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort". Copiapó, Chile | 1819 Copiapó earthquake | 8.5[50] |
| Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort". Valparaíso, Chile | 1822 Valparaíso earthquake | 8.5 |
| Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort". Concepción, Chile | 1835 Concepción earthquake | 8.5 |
| Template:Dts | File:Flag of France.svg Guadeloupe region, Lesser Antilles | 1843 Guadeloupe earthquake | 8.5[56] |
| Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort". Sumatra, Indonesia (then part of the Dutch East Indies) | 1861 Sumatra earthquake | 8.5 |
| Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort". Pacific Ocean, Tōhoku region, Empire of Japan | 1896 Sanriku earthquake | 8.5 |
| Template:Dts | Script error: No such module "sort". Himalayas, northern Nepal | 1505 Lo Mustang earthquake | 8.2–8.8 |
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Strongest earthquakes by magnitude each year since 1907
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Strongest earthquakes by magnitude by country/territory
- This list is a work in progress. Information is likely to be changed.
- The list refers to current country boundaries rather than those at the date of the earthquake.
- Please note, multiple countries could have the same earthquake listed, such as the 1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake being listed for both Ecuador and Colombia.
- Unless otherwise noted, magnitudes are reported on the Moment magnitude scale (Mw).
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Earthquakes with the most property damage
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This is the top ten major earthquakes by the US dollar value of property (public and private) losses directly attributable to the earthquake.
| Rank | Event | Location | Magnitude | Property damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami | JapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Japan | 9.1 | $360 billion[228][229] |
| 2 | 1995 Great Hanshin earthquake | JapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Japan | 6.9 | $200 billion[230] |
| 3 | 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes | TurkeyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Country data Ba'athist SyriaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Turkey Syria |
7.8 | $164 billion[231][232] |
| 4 | 2008 Sichuan earthquake | ChinaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". China | 7.9 | $150 billion[233] |
| 5 | 2011 Christchurch earthquake | New ZealandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". New Zealand | 6.3 | $40 billion[234] |
| 6 | 2004 Chūetsu earthquake | JapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Japan | 6.6 | $28 billion[235][236] |
| 7 | 2011 Sikkim earthquake | IndiaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". India | 6.9 | $22 billion[237] |
| 8 | 1999 İzmit earthquake | TurkeyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Turkey | 7.6 | $20 billion[235] |
| 9 | 2009 L'Aquila earthquake | ItalyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Italy | 6.3 | $16 billion[238] |
| 10 | 2012 Northern Italy earthquakes | ItalyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Italy | 6.1 | $16 billion[239] |
Most studied earthquakes
The 50 most studied earthquakes according to the International Seismological Centre (ISC), based on a count of scientific papers (mostly in English) that discuss that earthquake. The "Event #" is linked to the ISC Event Bibliography for that event.
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Modified from figure 2, "The most studied events", at the ISC's Overview of the ISC Event Bibliography.
Template:Cite isc 2018.
Lists by time period
By century
By decade
By year
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- 1900
- 1901
- 1902
- 1903
- 1904
- 1905
- 1906
- 1907
- 1908
- 1909
- 1910
- 1911
- 1912
- 1913
- 1914
- 1915
- 1916
- 1917
- 1918
- 1919
- 1920
- 1921
- 1922
- 1923
- 1924
- 1925
- 1926
- 1927
- 1928
- 1929
- 1930
- 1931
- 1932
- 1933
- 1934
- 1935
- 1936
- 1937
- 1938
- 1939
- 1940
- 1941
- 1942
- 1943
- 1944
- 1945
- 1946
- 1947
- 1948
- 1949
- 1950
- 1951
- 1952
- 1953
- 1954
- 1955
- 1956
- 1957
- 1958
- 1959
- 1960
- 1961
- 1962
- 1963
- 1964
- 1965
- 1966
- 1967
- 1968
- 1969
- 1970
- 1971
- 1972
- 1973
- 1974
- 1975
- 1976
- 1977
- 1978
- 1979
- 1980
- 1981
- 1982
- 1983
- 1984
- 1985
- 1986
- 1987
- 1988
- 1989
- 1990
- 1991
- 1992
- 1993
- 1994
- 1995
- 1996
- 1997
- 1998
- 1999
- 2000
- 2001
- 2002
- 2003
- 2004
- 2005
- 2006
- 2007
- 2008
- 2009
- 2010
- 2011
- 2012
- 2013
- 2014
- 2015
- 2016
- 2017
- 2018
- 2019
- 2020
- 2021
- 2022
- 2023
- 2024
- 2025
- 2026
Lists by location
By country
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- Afghanistan
- Albania
- Algeria
- Argentina
- Armenia
- Australia
- Azerbaijan
- Bangladesh
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Brazil
- Bulgaria
- Canada
- Chile
- China
- Colombia
- Costa Rica
- Croatia
- Cuba
- Cyprus
- Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Dominican Republic
- East Timor
- Ecuador
- Egypt
- El Salvador
- Eritrea
- Ethiopia
- France
- Fiji
- Georgia
- Germany
- Ghana
- Greece
- Guam
- Guatemala
- Haiti
- Iceland
- India
- Indonesia
- Iran
- Italy
- Japan
- Kosovo
- Kazakhstan
- Kyrgyzstan
- Malaysia
- Mexico
- Morocco
- Myanmar
- Nepal
- Netherlands
- New Zealand
- Nicaragua
- North Korea
- Pakistan
- Panama
- Papua New Guinea
- Peru
- Philippines
- Portugal
- Romania
- Russia
- Samoa
- Saudi Arabia
- Serbia
- Slovenia
- Solomon Islands
- South Africa
- South Korea
- Spain
- Taiwan
- Tajikistan
- Thailand
- Timor Leste
- Tonga
- Turkey
- United States
- Vanuatu
- Venezuela
- Yemen
By region
See also
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- List of deadly earthquakes since 1900
- List of historical earthquakes
- List of megathrust earthquakes
- List of natural disasters by death toll
References
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- ↑ 颤抖的地球—地震科学 Template:Webarchive (2005). Researched by China Earthquake Administration seismologists 冯万鹏,薑文亮,龚丽霞,公茂盛,胡进军; Revised by CEA seismologists 王文清,续春荣,张宝红; Edited by CEA chiefs 谢礼立,张景发. Tsinghua University Press. Pages XIII, 162. "1556年陕西华县8级大地震，死亡的83万人中, 据估计死于瘟疫者不下七八成" [Among the 830,000 died, it is estimated that no less than 70% or 80% died from plagues]
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- ↑ Maura R. O'Connor, [Two Years Later, Haitian Earthquake Death Toll in Dispute], Columbia Journalism Review (January 12, 2012).
- ↑ Report challenges Haiti earthquake death toll (June 1, 2011), BBC.
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Template:Cite anss
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
External links
- USGS-ANSS Latest earthquakes around the world
- Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC)
- IRIS Seismic Monitor, Recent earthquakes around the world
- SeismoArchives, Seismogram Archives of Significant Earthquakes of the World
- Recent New Zealand earthquakes
- Database for the damage of world earthquake, ancient period (3000 BC) to year of 2006—Building Research Institute (Japan)
- 20 Largest Earthquakes in the World Since 1900, USGS
- Historic Worldwide Earthquakes, magnitude 6.0 and greater, sorted by magnitude, USGS (archived 2009)
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