Arisaema

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File:Whipcord Cobra Lily.jpg
Arisaema tortuosum

Arisaema is a large and diverse genus of the flowering plant family Araceae. The largest concentration of species is in China and Japan, with other species native to other parts of southern Asia as well as eastern and central Africa, Mexico and eastern North America.[1] Asiatic species are often called cobra lilies, while western species are often called jack-in-the-pulpit; both names refer to the distinctive appearance of the flower, which consists of an erect central spadix rising from a spathe.[2][3][4]

Classification and relationships

The closest relatives of Arisaema appear to be Pinellia and Typhonium (although the latter as defined in 2004 seems to be paraphyletic, having given rise to Arisaema and other genera).[5] One unusual trait shared by all Arisaema species, and not those of other genera, is sequential hermaphroditism. Arisaema plants are typically male when small, and female or hermaphroditic when large, with a single plant capable of changing sex based on nutrition[5] and genetics,[6] and perhaps changing sex several times during its long life (20 years or more).[5]

Sections

A phylogenetic study in 2016 by Ohi-toma et. al recognized 15 sections in the genus.[7]

Image Section Type species
File:My-13-4030-Cobra-Cobra-Lily-Cameron-Cobra-Lily-HiR.jpg
 A. sect. Anomala Gusman & L. Gusman 2003Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Arisaema anomalum
File:Arisaema speciosum- The Cobra Lily.jpg
 A. sect. Arisaema Li et al. 2010Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Arisaema speciosum
File:Rumphia, sive, Commentationes botanicæ¦ imprimis de plantis Indiæ¦ Orientalis (8330551674).jpg
 A. sect. Attenuata (Engler) H. Li 2017Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Arisaema laminatum
File:Arisaema negishii 4.JPG
 A. sect. Clavata (Engler) H. Hara 1971Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Arisaema clavatum
A. sect. Decipienta (Engler) H. Li in C. Y. Wu & H. Li 1979Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Arisaema decipiens
File:Arisaema flavum (Forssk.) Schott, Prodr. Syst. Aroid. 40 (1860) (50064945376).jpg
 A. sect. Dochafa (Schott) H. Hara 1971Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Arisaema flavum
File:Arisaema fimbriatum-IMG 0273.jpg
 A. sect. Fimbriata (Engl.) H.Li 1979Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Arisaema fimbriatum
File:Arisaema thunbergii subsp. urashima 4.JPG
 A. sect. Flagellarisaema (Nakai) H.Hara 1971Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Arisaema thunbergii
File:Arisaema fargesii Buchet- Notul. Syst. (Paris) 1- 371 (1911). 20210701 151512.jpg
 A. sect. Franchetiana (Engl.) H. Hara 1971Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Arisaema franchetianum
File:Arisaema nepenthoides (26634334281).jpg
 A. sect. Nepenthoidea (Engl.) H. Hara 1971Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Arisaema nepenthoides
File:Arisaema saxatile Buchet- Notul. Syst. (Paris) 2- 124 (1911). 20210627 222557.jpg
 A. sect. Odorata Murata et al. 2013Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Arisaema odoratum
File:全緣燈台蓮 Arisaema sikokianum -日本大阪鮮花競放館 Osaka Sakuya Konohana Kan, Japan- (42277025661).jpg
 A. sect. Pistillata (Engler) Nakai 1929Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Arisaema serratum
File:Arisaema ciliatum - Flickr - peganum (1).jpg
 A. sect. Sinarisaema Nakai 1950Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Arisaema formosanum
File:Arisaema jacquemontii - Jacquemont's Cobra Lily on way from Gangria to Hemkund at Valley of Flowers National Park - during LGFC - VOF 2019 (15).jpg
 A. sect. Tenuipistillata Engl. 1920Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Arisaema jacquemontii
File:WhipcordCobraLily.jpg
 A. sect. Tortuosa (Engler) H. Hara 1971Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Arisaema tortuosum

Species

See: List of Arisaema species

Plants of the World Online accepts around 212 accepted species since February 2025Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"..[8]

References

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  1. ↑ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. ↑ Govaerts, R. & Frodin, D.G. (2002). World Checklist and Bibliography of Araceae (and Acoraceae): 1-560. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  3. ↑ Flora China Vol. 23 Page 43, 天南星属 tian nan xing shu, Arisaema Martius, Flora. 14: 459. 1831.
  4. ↑ Flora of North America, Vol. 22, Arisaema Martius, Flora. 14: 459. 1831.
  5. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Bibliography

  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

External links

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