Archivist of the United States

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Template:Short description Template:Use American EnglishTemplate:Use mdy dates Script error: No such module "infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The archivist of the United States is the head and chief administrator of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) of the United States. The archivist is responsible for the supervision and direction of the National Archives.[1]

The first archivist, R. D. W. Connor, began serving in 1934, when the National Archives was established as an independent federal agency by Congress. The archivists served as subordinate officials of the General Services Administration from 1949 until the National Archives and Records Administration became an independent agency again on April 1, 1985.

President Joe Biden nominated Colleen Joy Shogan for the position on August 3, 2022, with her being confirmed and sworn in by the Senate in May 2023. She was the first woman to hold the position permanently.[2][3][4] On January 6, 2025, President-elect Donald Trump stated in a phone interview with Hugh Hewitt that he intended to replace Shogan as head of the National Archives and Records Administration[5] and on February 7, 2025, it was reported that Shogan had been fired as the national archivist.[6][7]

Background and role

The archivist is appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate and is responsible for safeguarding and making available for study all the permanently valuable records of the federal government, including the original Declaration of Independence, Constitution and Bill of Rights, which are displayed in the Archives' main building in Washington, D.C.

Under Public Law No. 98-497, the archivist also must maintain custody of state ratifications of amendments to the Constitution. It is the archivist's duty to issue a certificate proclaiming a particular amendment duly ratified and part of the Constitution if the legislatures of at least three-quarters of the states approve the proposed amendment.[8] The Amendment and its certificate of ratification are then published in the Federal Register and the amendment is included in the United States Statutes at Large. Before the enactment of that statute in 1984, that duty was vested in the General Services Administration, and, before the establishment of that agency in 1949, it formed part of the duties of the United States Secretary of State.

In accordance with Title 1, Chapter 2 §106a of the United States Code, the archivist of the United States also receives the original version of all statutes of the United States, once enacted.[9] Joint resolutions and acts of Congress signed into law by the president are delivered by the Office of the President to the National Archives. The same happens if a bill becomes law because the president fails to approve or veto it. If the president vetoes a bill but the presidential veto is overridden, the new law is transmitted to the National Archives not by the office of the president, but by Congress: in this case, the presiding officer of the last house to consider the bill certifies that the presidential objection was overridden, and sends the new law to the archivist. In all cases, the National Archives maintains custody of the original document and (by means of the Office of the Federal Register, a division of the National Archives), assigns the new Act of Congress a public law number, provides for its publication as a slip law and for the inclusion of the new statute in the United States Statutes at Large. The actual printing and circulation of the slip law and of the volumes of the United States Statutes at Large is the responsibility of the Government Publishing Office, headed by the Director of the Government Publishing Office.

By means of the Office of the Federal Register, the National Archives also publishes documents of the Executive Branch, such as presidential proclamations and executive orders, retaining custody of the original signed documents. The National Archives also has many duties regarding the preservation of presidential papers and materials.

In all United States presidential elections, the archivist also has duties concerning the custody of Electoral College documents, such as certificates of ascertainment declaring the names of the presidential electors chosen in each state, and of the certificates of vote produced by the electors of each state.[10] In practice, these administrative responsibilities are delegated to the Director of the Federal Register.[11]

Archivists of the United States

No.Template:Efn Portrait Archivist Term Appointed by Template:Reference heading
Start End
1 File:Robert-connor-l.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". October 10, 1934 September 15, 1941 Script error: No such module "Sort". [12]
2 File:Solon J. Buck, Second Archivist of the United States - DPLA - f3dfb033bc2305b19dfce1f19716b5ee.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". September 18, 1941 May 31, 1948 [13]
3 File:Portrait of Wayne C. Grover, Third Archivist of the United States, ca. 1948 (12238610943).jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". June 2, 1948 November 6, 1965 Script error: No such module "Sort". [14]
4 File:Portrait of Robert Bahmer, Fourth Archivist of the United States, ca. 1965 (12238837864).jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". November 7, 1965Template:Efn March 9, 1968 Script error: No such module "Sort". [15]
5 File:Portrait of James B. Rhoads, Fifth Archivist of the United States, ca. 1968 (12238838874).jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". March 10, 1968Template:Efn August 31, 1979 [16]
– File:James O'Neill Official Portrait.jpg James E. O'Neill September 1, 1979 July 23, 1980 Script error: No such module "Sort". [17]
6 File:Warner-robert.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". July 24, 1980 April 15, 1985 [18]
– File:Frank Burke cropped.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". April 16, 1985 December 4, 1987 Script error: No such module "Sort". [19]
7 File:Don Wilson cropped oath.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". December 4, 1987 March 24, 1993 [20]
– File:Trudy Peterson (cropped).png Script error: No such module "Sort". March 25, 1993 May 29, 1995 Script error: No such module "Sort". [21]
8 File:John Carlin.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". May 30, 1995 February 15, 2005 [22]
9 File:Allen Weinstein portrait.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". February 16, 2005 December 19, 2008 Script error: No such module "Sort". [23]
– File:Adrienne Thomas official photo.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". December 19, 2008 November 5, 2009 [24]
10 File:David Ferriero official photo (cropped).jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". November 6, 2009 April 30, 2022 Script error: No such module "Sort". [25]
– File:Debra Steidel Wall official photo (3x4 cropped).jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". May 1, 2022 May 17, 2023 Script error: No such module "Sort". [26]
11 File:Colleen Shogan, Archivist of the United States.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". May 17, 2023 February 7, 2025 [27]
– File:William Bosanko, official portrait (3x4 cropped).jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". February 7, 2025 February 16, 2025 Script error: No such module "Sort". [28][29]
– File:Official portrait of Secretary Marco Rubio (3x4 cropped).jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". February 16, 2025 Incumbent [30][29]

Notes

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References

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  1. ↑ 44 U.S.C. Template:Trim/Template:Trim § Template:Trim
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Pub. L. Template:Trim/Template:Trim Template:Trim–Template:Trim
  9. ↑ 1 U.S.C. Template:Trim/Template:Trim § Template:Trim
  10. ↑ 3 U.S.C. Template:Trim/Template:Trim §§ Template:Trim–Template:Trim/Template:Trim Template:Trim
  11. ↑ U. S. Electoral College: Roles and Responsibilities
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

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