Archduke Karl Salvator of Austria

Archduke Karl Salvator of Austria (Italian: Carlo Salvatore Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Battista Filippo Jacopo Gennaro Lodovico Gonzaga Raniero; German: Karl Salvator Maria Joseph Johann Baptist Philipp Jakob Januarius Ludwig Gonzaga Rainer; 30 April 1839 in Florence – 18 January 1892 in Vienna), was a member of the Tuscan branch of the House of Habsburg.

Early life and career

He was an Austrian Archduke, a son of Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany and second wife Marie Antoinette of Tuscany. He was a Feldmarschall-Leutnant of the Imperial (k.u.k.) Austro-Hungarian Army. He worked with Count George von Dormus as inventor of early self-loading small arms including the Salvator Dormus pistol and the Salvator-Dormus M1893 heavy machine gun.

Family and children

He married in Rome on 19 September 1861 his first cousin Princess Maria Immaculata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (Naples, 14 April 1844 – Vienna, 18 February 1899), daughter of his maternal uncle Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies, and second wife Maria Theresa of Austria.

Their children were:

• Archduchess Maria Theresia (Alt-Bunzlau, 18 September 1862 – 10 May 1933), married in Vienna on 28 February 1886 Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria (1860 – 1933) and had issue.
• Archduke Leopold Salvator (Alt-Bunzlau, Bohemia, 15 October 1863 – Vienna, 4 September 1931), married in Frohsdorf on 24 October 1889 Blanca, Infanta of Spain (1868 – 1949), and had issue
• Archduke Franz Salvator (Altmünster, 21 August 1866 – Vienna, 20 April 1939), married firstly in Ischl on 31 July 1890 Archduchess Marie Valerie of Austria (1868 – 1924), and had issue, and married secondly morganatically in Vienna on 28 April 1934 Melanie Freiin von Riesenfels (1898 – 1984), without issue
• Archduchess Karoline Marie (Altmünster, 5 September 1869 – Budapest, 12 May 1945), married in Vienna on 30 May 1894 Prince August Leopold of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1867 – 1922) and had issue.
• Archduke Albrecht Salvator (Alt-Bunzlau, 22 November 1871 – Bolzano, 27 February 1896), unmarried and without issue
• Archduchess Maria Antoinette (Vienna, 18 April 1874 – Arco, 14 January 1891)
• Archduchess Maria Immakulata (Baden bei Wien, 3 September 1878 – Schloss Altshausen, 25 November 1968), married in Vienna on 29 October 1900 Duke Robert of Württemberg (1873 – 1947) without issue
• Archduke Rainer Salvator (Vienna, 27 February 1880 – Arco, 4 May 1889)
• Archduchess Henriette Maria (Vienna, 20 February 1884 – Traunkirchen, 13 August 1886)
• Archduke Ferdinand Salvator (Baden bei Wien, 2 June 1888 – Traunkirchen, 28 July 1891)