Apolinary Hartglas

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Maksymilian Apolinary Hartglas (7 April 1883 – 7 March 1953) was a Zionist activist and one of the main political leaders of Polish Jews during the interwar period, a lawyer, a publicist, and a Sejm deputy from 1919 to 1930.

Biography

Maksymilian Apolinary Hartglas was born into a lawyer family from Podlasie. Between 1892 and 1900 he attended a secondary school in Biała Podlaska. Subsequently he earned a law degree from Warsaw University in 1904.[1] Between 1907 and 1919 he practiced law in Siedlce with an additional office in Warsaw.[2] While at the university he became involved with the Zionist movement and in 1906 he participated in a Zionist Helsingfors conference in Helsinki.[1]

After the Nazi invasion of Poland and German occupation he was made a member of the Warsaw Judenrat.[3]

In December 1939, he managed to escape to Trieste, Italy and immigrated to Palestine. He settled in Jerusalem. After the establishment of the State of Israel he served as a high ranking administrator in the Ministry of the Interior.[4]

Political career

In 1919 he was elected by constituents of Biała Podlaska as a deputy to the first Sejm of the newly independent Polish state which was charged with writing a new constitution. In all he served three terms as a delegate.[1][2] Before the elections of 1922 together with Yitzhak Gruenbaum he was a co-creator of Bloc of National Minorities, a parliamentary organization whose purpose was to represent ethnic minorities in the Polish parliament.[5] One of his first acts as a deputy of the Sejm was to introduce a law which annulled all Russian sponsored laws which discriminated against Jews in the former Congress Poland.[6]

In 1920 he took part in the Polish-Soviet War as a volunteer. Between 1938 and 1939 he was a member of the Warsaw City Council. During this time he published articles in "Głos Żydowski", "Tygodnik Żydowski" and "Życie Żydowskie" newspapers.[7]

Published works

In 1996, his memoirs were published posthumously in Poland under the title At the border of two worlds (Polish: Na pograniczu dwóch światów) (Template:ISBN), in which he described the social and political realities of Poland at the turn of the century, during World War I, and the interwar period. In the book he wrote:[8][9]

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See also

References

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  1. ↑ a b c Andrzej Krzysztof Kunert, Małgorzata Smogorzewska, ed. "Posłowie i senatorowie Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej 1919-1939. Słownik biograficzny, tom II: E-J" (Delegates and senators of the Second Polish Republic 1919-1939, Biographical Dictionary, Vol II: E-J), Warszawa 2000
  2. ↑ a b Jolanta Żyndul, "The Legal Practice of Apolinary Hartglas", Justice, The International Association of Jewish Lawyers and Jurists, No. 30, Winter 2002, pg. 45 [1] Script error: No such module "webarchive".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Yad Vashem, "Pinkas Hakehillot:“Biala Podlaska” - Encyclopedia of Jewish Communities in Poland, Volume VII", pgs. 84-89. [2]
  5. ↑ Gershon David Hundert, The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe, Yivo Institute for Jewish Research and Yale University Press, 2008. [3]
  6. ↑ Robert Blobaum, "Antisemitism and its opponents in modern Poland", Cornell University Press, 2005, pg. 150 [4]
  7. ↑ HOLOKAUST NA TERENIE REGIONU BIALSKOPODLASKIEGO: Życie społeczno - polityczne. [5] Script error: No such module "webarchive".
  8. ↑ Apolinary Hartglas, Na pograniczu dwóch światów, Warszawa Oficyna Wydawn. Rytm 1996 Template:Catalog lookup link, Template:ISBN.
  9. ↑ Natalia Aleksiun, "Narratives under Siege: Polish-Jewish Relations and Jewish Historical Writings in Interwar Poland", The Stephen Roth Institute for the Study of Antisemitism and Racism, Tel Aviv University, 2003 [6]

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