Anderlecht

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Anderlecht (Script error: No such module "IPA".; Script error: No such module "IPA".) is one of the 19 municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region, Belgium. Located in the south-western part of the region, it is bordered by the City of Brussels, Forest, Molenbeek-Saint-Jean, and Saint-Gilles, as well as the Flemish municipalities of Dilbeek and Sint-Pieters-Leeuw. In common with all of Brussels' municipalities, it is legally bilingual (French–Dutch).

There are several historically and architecturally distinct districts within Anderlecht. since 1 January 2024Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., the municipality had a population of 126,581 inhabitants.[1] The total area is Script error: No such module "convert"., which gives a population density of Script error: No such module "convert"..[1] Its upper area is greener and less densely populated.

History

Origins and medieval times

The first traces of human activity on the right bank of the Senne date from the Stone Age and Bronze Age. The remnants of a Roman villa and of a Frankish necropolis were also found on the territory of Anderlecht.Template:Sfn The first mention of the name Anderlecht, however, dates only from 1047 under the forms Anrelech, then Andrelet (1111), Andreler (1148), and Anderlech (1186). At that time, this community was already home to a chapter of canonsTemplate:Sfn and to two feudal manors, those of the powerful lords of Aa and of Anderlecht.Template:Sfn

File:Saint Guido Church (14).jpg
Collegiate Church of St. Peter and St. Guido

In 1356, the Count of Flanders, Louis II, fought against Brussels on the territory of Anderlecht, in the so-called Battle of Scheut, supposedly over a monetary matter.[2] Although he defeated his sister-in-law, the Duchess of Brabant, Joanna, and briefly took her title, she regained it the following year with the help of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles IV. In 1393, Joanna's charter made Anderlecht a part of Brussels. It is also around this time that the church of Saint Guy was rebuilt in Brabantine Gothic style above an earlier Romanesque crypt.

15th–18th centuries

The village of Anderlecht became a beacon of culture in the 15th and 16th centuries. In 1521, the Dutch humanist writer and theologian Erasmus of Rotterdam stayed in the canons' house for a few months. Charles, Duke of Aumale and Grand Veneur of France also had a residence there.

The 17th and 18th centuries were marked by the wars between the Low Countries and France. During the Nine Years' War, it is from the high ground of Scheut, in the northern part of Anderlecht, that the bombardment of Brussels of 1695 took place. Together with the resulting fire, it was the most destructive event in the entire history of Brussels.Template:Sfn On 13 November 1792, right after the Battle of Jemappes, General Dumouriez and the French Revolutionary army routed the Austrians there once again.[3][4] Among the consequences were the disbanding of the canons and Anderlecht being proclaimed an independent municipality by the French.

File:KartuisScheut.png
The Carthusian Monastery depicted in Chorographia Sacra Brabantiae (1727). On the horizon are Anderlecht and Scheut.

By the end of the 18th century, Anderlecht including its dependencies, which extended to Brussels' city walls, counted around 2,000 inhabitants. In Scheut, on the site of the Carthusian Monastery, stood a chapel called Our Lady of Scheut, whose pleasant location, in the middle of a grove, made this place very popular at the time.[5]

19th century and later

The 19th century saw a remarkable population growth, mainly because of the proximity to a rapidly expanding Brussels. The Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". was laid out in 1828, through the former property of the Carthusians. The population multiplied by ten between 1830 and 1890 and doubled again between 1890 and 1910. Along the Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". and the Brussels–Charleroi Canal, a series of industrial and working-class districts connected the centre of Anderlecht to Cureghem.

Remarkable new urban developments and garden cities such as La Roue/Het Rad, Moortebeek and Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". were built at the beginning of the 20th century to house the influx of newcomers. Following World War II, some remaining green parts of the municipality also made way for large-scale urban renewal following the modernist Athens Charter and Park system, such as the housing projects Scherdemael, Peterbos and Marius Renard in the upper town, and Aurore near the canal.

Geography

Location

File:Anderlecht Brussels-Capital Belgium Map.svg
Location of Anderlecht within Brussels

Anderlecht is located in the north-central part of Belgium, about Script error: No such module "convert". from the Belgian coast and about Script error: No such module "convert". from Belgium's southern tip. It is located in the heartland of the Brabantian Plateau, about Script error: No such module "convert". south of Antwerp (Flanders), and Script error: No such module "convert". north of Charleroi (Wallonia). It is the westernmost municipality in the Brussels-Capital Region and is an important crossing point for the Brussels–Charleroi Canal, which cuts the municipality in two from the west. With an area of Script error: No such module "convert"., it is also the third largest municipality in the region after the City of Brussels and Uccle. It is bordered by the City of Brussels, Forest, Molenbeek-Saint-Jean, and Saint-Gilles, as well as the Flemish municipalities of Dilbeek and Sint-Pieters-Leeuw.

Climate

Anderlecht, in common with the rest of Brussels, experiences an oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb) with warm summers and cool winters.title=Brussels,_Belgium_Climate_Classification_Köppen_(Weatherbase)-6|[6] Proximity to coastal areas influences the area's climate by sending marine air masses from the Atlantic Ocean. Nearby wetlands also ensure a maritime temperate climate. On average (based on measurements in the period 1991–2020), there are approximately 130 days of rain per year in the region. It also often experiences violent thunderstorms in summer months.

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Districts

File:Anderlecht OSM.png
Map of Anderlecht

The territory of Anderlecht is very heterogeneous and is characterised by a mixture of larger districts including smaller residential and (formerly) industrial neighbourhoods. The area along the canal is currently experiencing a large revitalisation programme, as part of the Script error: No such module "Lang". of the Brussels-Capital Region.[7]

Historical centre

File:Anderlecht, Dapperheidsplein.jpg
A view of the Place de la Vaillance / Dapperheidsplein with the Church of St. Guido in the background

The historical centre of Anderlecht is the municipality's central district. Formerly known as Rinck,Template:Sfn it is divided into several sectors:

  • The Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". district, also called the Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". district, is the meeting point for those who hail to the heart of Anderlecht. It is also where the Place de la Vaillance/Dapperheidsplein (Anderlecht's central square), the Church of St. Guido, the Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang"., as well as Anderlecht's main schools are located. The Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". is the municipality's main shopping street. It is centred on the Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". and some neighbouring streets.
  • The smaller Aumale district in its northern part mainly comprises the Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". and its surrounding streets. It includes the Erasmus House (a museum devoted to the Dutch humanist writer and theologian Erasmus of Rotterdam), the old beguinage (a late medieval lay convent, now a museum dedicated to religious community life), as well as the Bibliothèque de l'Espace Maurice Carême French-language public library.

Cureghem/Kuregem

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Located in the north-east of Anderlecht,[8] Cureghem/Kuregem is one of the municipality's largest and most populated districts. It developed during the Industrial Revolution along the Brussels–Charleroi Canal and is currently in a fragile social and economic situation due to the decline of its economy and the poor quality of some of its housing. Between 1836 and 1991, the district housed the Royal School of Veterinary Medicine, now moved to Liège but often still referred to as Cureghem.[9] The old campus, listed as protected heritage,[10] has undergone a large rehabilitation process.[8] Three listed buildings—the former Atlas Brewery,[11] the old power station, and the former Moulart Mill[12]—are testaments to the old industrial activities next to the waterway. The Municipal Hall of Anderlecht is located on the Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang"., in the heart of this district.[13][8] In its lower part, bordering the City of Brussels, are the Square de l'Aviation/Luchtvaartsquare[14] and the Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang"..[15]

Meir

File:Anderlecht2019 26.jpg
Astrid Park

Located to the south of the historical centre of Anderlecht, this district is centred on the Meir Roundabout and Astrid Park, where the football club R.S.C. Anderlecht plays its home matches in the Constant Vanden Stock Stadium. Planned shortly before the First World War, the development of this residential neighbourhood took place mainly between the two world wars. Its layout, characterised by broad avenues, villas and row houses interspersed with green spaces, reflects the planned transition from former rural land into an urbanised residential zone. Aimed at the middle class, it forms an extremely coherent and well-preserved architectural ensemble in which the Art Deco style predominates.[16]

Veeweyde/Veeweide

Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". is centrally located in the upper part of Anderlecht, south of the Meir district. The neighbourhood, which takes its name from an old hamlet meaning "pasture", includes the Busselenberg (a residential area centred around the park of the same name), the smaller Musicians' district (a residential area between the Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". and the Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang".), as well as the Aurore housing estate on the banks of the canal. In recent years, this area has seen urban renewal efforts, with the canal quays being converted into a pedestrian and cycle-friendly promenade.

La Roue/Het Rad

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File:Saint Joseph Church (1).jpg
Church of St. Joseph in La Roue/Het Rad

Located in the south of Anderlecht, La Roue/Het Rad ("The Wheel") is one of the municipality's largest districts and one of Brussels' main garden cities. It is crossed by the last end of the Chaussée de Mons in Brussels, and is bounded to the east by the Brussels–Charleroi Canal and to the south by the Flemish municipality of Sint-Pieters-Leeuw, in the Pajottenland. Mostly built in the 1920s, with its modest and picturesque houses, it offers a vision of an early 20th-century working-class neighbourhood. At its southern edge, it is also home to one of the largest agribusiness industry campuses in Belgium: the Food and Chemical Industries Education and Research Center (CERIA/COOVI),[17] as well as large department stores.

Scheut

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Located in the north of Anderlecht, Scheut is bounded by the border with the municipality of Molenbeek-Saint-Jean to the north, the historical centre of Anderlecht to the south, the Birmingham district to the east, the Scheutveld district to the west and the semi-natural site of the Scheutbos to the north-west. Historically, the Scheut Plateau held strategic importance and later evolved into a largely residential and commercial zone. It is in this district, on the Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang"., that lay the foundations of the Scheutveld College, on 28 April 1863, by the Catholic priest Theophile Verbist. The congregation of Scheut Missionaries went on to evangelise China, Mongolia, the Philippines, as well as the Congo Free State/Belgian Congo (modern-day Democratic Republic of the Congo).Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

Main sights

Anderlecht has a rich cultural and architectural heritage.[18] Some of the main points of interest include:

  • The Municipal Hall of Anderlecht, located on the Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang"., designed in neo-Flemish Renaissance style by the architect Template:Ill, which was opened in 1879.[19]
  • The Collegiate Church of St. Peter and St. Guido, located in the municipality's historical centre, on the northern side of the Place de la Vaillance/Dapperheidsplein, its main square. Its Romanesque crypt dates from the 10th century and is one of the oldest in Belgium. It contains a very old tombstone considered to be the grave of the 11th-century Saint Guy. Most of the church, however, dates from around 1350 and later, with most of the currently visible architecture representing the Ogee style (15th–16th centuries). Construction of the tower started in 1517 but ceased with the square part up to the balcony, and was not completed until 1898.[20]
  • The Erasmus House, built between 1460 and 1515, with its medicinal and philosophical gardens, which can be visited nearby. Right next to the church, the old beguinage is home to a local history museum. Both institutions are now managed jointly as the Erasmus House & Beguinage Museums.[21]
  • The Synagogue of Anderlecht, an Orthodox synagogue designed in Art Deco style by the architect Template:Ill and completed in 1933.[22]
  • The National Memorial to the Jewish Martyrs of Belgium, a monument commemorating the 24,600 Belgian Jewish martyrs of World War II, designed by the architects André Godart and Odon Dupire, and completed in 1970. It is located in the centre of the Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang"., which was created for the occasion.[23][24]
  • The National Museum of the Resistance, which traces the history of the Belgian Resistance and German occupation of Belgium during World War II.[25]
  • The Museum of China – Scheut, which houses documents and pieces brought back to Europe by the congregation of Scheut Missionaries, including a 15th-century bronze Buddha.[26]
  • The Maurice Carême Museum, in the Script error: No such module "Lang". where the Belgian poet lived and wrote.[27]
  • The Luizenmolen in Neerpede, a replica of an old windmill which once stood on the site.[28]
  • The Cureghem Cellars (French: Script error: No such module "Lang"., Dutch: Script error: No such module "Lang".), a subterranean complex of handmade brick caves with vaults, pillars, and arches, originally the site of a cattle market covered by a forged iron roof in the 1890s.[29] The cellars were simply a foundation for the upper structure until the 1930s, when the city council decided to make better use of them. It proved more profitable to grow mushrooms in the dark and damp underground spaces for local consumption. It fell into disuse as a cattle market but, in 1984, the hall was officially listed as a Belgian monument. Due to its characteristic architecture and unique layout, it was refurbished and transformed by a private company, Abattoir SA. Since 1992, it has served as an event site. One of these was the anatomic exposition Body Worlds (Template:Langx) by Gunther Von Hagens, which ran in the cellars between 2008 and 2009 and attracted over 500,000 visitors.
  • The Cantillon Brewery, a gueuze museum established in an actual working brewery.
  • The Museum of Medicine, located on the Erasme/Erasmus campus of the Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB).[30]
  • The Jean-Claude Van Damme statue, located on the Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang"., near the Westland Shopping Center.[31]

Demographics

Historical population

Historically, the population of Anderlecht was quite low. The municipality counted around 2,000 inhabitants at the beginning of the 19th century. However, following the Industrial Revolution, the population underwent a remarkable growth, peaking at 103,796 in 1970. From then, it began to decrease slightly to a low of 87,812 in 2000, before increasing again rapidly in recent years.[32]

since 1 January 2024Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., the population was 126,581.[1] The area is Script error: No such module "convert"., making the density Script error: No such module "convert"..[1]

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  • Sources: INS: 1806 to 1980 = census; 1990 and later = population on 1 January

Foreign population

Migrant communities in Anderlecht with over 1,000 people as of 1 January 2020:[33]

File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania 7,405
File:Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco 4,924
File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy 2,985
File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain 2,743
File:Flag of France.svg France 2,727
File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal 2,628
File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland 2,549
File:Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg Syria 1,717
Group of origin Year
2023[34]
Number %
Belgians with Belgian background 22,685 18.14%
Belgians with foreign background 59,274 47.39%
Neighbouring country 2,231
EU27 (excluding neighbouring country) 5,661
Outside EU 27 51,382 41.08%
Non-Belgians 43,106 34.47%
Neighbouring country 3,371
EU27 (excluding neighbouring country) 18,387
Outside EU 27 21,348 17.07%
Total 125,065 100%

Politics

The current city council was elected in the October 2018 elections.[35] The current mayor of Anderlecht is Fabrice Cumps, a member of PS, who alongside the other parties on their list, sp.a and cdH, is in coalition on the municipal council with Ecolo - Groen, DéFI and Forward.[36]

Anderlecht local election – 14 October 2018
File:Anderlecht2018.svg
Party
Votes % Swing (pp) Elected
2018 		Change
  1. REDIRECT Template:Party name with color

Template:Redirect category shell - sp.a - cdH

14,023 29.73 Decrease7.04 Template:Composition bar Decrease5
  1. REDIRECT Template:Party name with color

Template:Redirect category shell - Open Vld - IC

10,628 22.53 Decrease3.61 Template:Composition bar Decrease2
  1. REDIRECT Template:Party name with color

Template:Redirect category shell - Groen

7,320 15.52 Increase4.17 Template:Composition bar Increase3
  1. REDIRECT Template:Party name with color

Template:Redirect category shell

6,891 14.61 Increase12.92 Template:Composition bar Increase7
  1. REDIRECT Template:Party name with color

Template:Redirect category shell

3,581 7.59 Decrease0.26 Template:Composition bar Steady
  1. REDIRECT Template:Party name with color

Template:Redirect category shell

1,950 4.13 Increase0.94 Template:Composition bar Decrease1
  1. REDIRECT Template:Party name with color

Template:Redirect category shell

1,006 2.13 Decrease1.53 Template:Composition bar Decrease1
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Template:Redirect category shell Plus

716 1.52 New Template:Composition bar -
Others 1,059 2.25 New Template:Composition bar -

Events

The annual Anderlecht fair, originally a cattle fair, was authorised by William II of the Netherlands in 1825. Since then, it has taken the form of a series of celebrations, which still include animal shows but also a large market, a floral show, and the recreation of a religious procession in honour of Saint Guy.

Economy

File:Abattoirs de Cureghem.JPG
Entrance and Great Hall of the Abattoirs of Anderlecht (main slaughterhouse in Brussels)

The Abattoirs of Anderlecht, located at 24, Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". in Cureghem, is the main slaughterhouse in Brussels, employing some 1,500 people. In addition to its main activities, the Great Hall serves as a covered market for food and flea markets.[37]

In recent years, several major international companies have set up their headquarters in Anderlecht, notably the Delhaize Group, which operates many supermarket chains, from 40, Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang".,[38] Coca-Cola Benelux at 1424, Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang".,[39] as well as the Belgian chocolate company Leonidas at 41, Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang"..[40]

Healthcare

Several hospitals and clinics are located in Anderlecht:

Sports

File:Lotto park 2022.jpg
R.S.C. Anderlecht fans at the Constant Vanden Stock Stadium

Football

Anderlecht is the home of the football club RSC Anderlecht, the most successful Belgian football team in European competition as well as in the Belgian First Division with 34 titles.[43] The club's home stadium is the Constant Vanden Stock Stadium, located within Astrid Park. The team colours are white and purple.

Parks and green spaces

Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote". Green spaces in the municipality include:[44]

  • Astrid Park
  • Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang"., in Scheut
  • Scherdemael Park
  • Peterbos Park
  • Joseph Lemaire Park
  • Jean Vives Park
  • Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang"., in Neerpede
  • Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang"., in Cureghem
  • The Vogelzang or Vogelenzang, a natural protected area

Notable inhabitants

File:Portrait of Erasmus of Rotterdam by Hans Holbein d. J. in Kunstmuseum Basel.jpg
Erasmus painted by Hans Holbein the Younger (1523)

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Born in Anderlecht:

International relations

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Twin towns and sister cities

Anderlecht is twinned with:[46]

In addition, Anderlecht has signed a friendship agreement with:[46]

References

Citations

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  1. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Jean Baptiste Nicolas Coomans, Jeanne Goetghebuer : chronique brabançonne du XIVe siècle (in French), Brussels, Coomans, 1854, p.57
  3. ↑ Pierre-François (1821). Précis ou histoire a brégée des guerres de la Révolution française (in French), p. 13
  4. ↑ Antoine de Jomini, Histoire critique et militaire des guerres de la Révolution: Campagne de 1792 (in French), t. 2, Paris, 1820, p. 238–239.
  5. ↑ Bart Fransen, Restanten van een meesterwerk : de bouwsculptuur van de kapel van Scheut, in: Millennium, Tijdschrift voor middeleeuwse studies (in Dutch), 2009, no. 1–2, p. 112–128
  6. title=Brussels,_Belgium_Climate_Classification_Köppen_(Weatherbase)_6-0|↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Eug. De Seyn, "Geschied- en aardrijkskundig woordenboek der Belgische gemeenten" (Historic and Geographic Dictionary of Belgian communes), A. Bieleveld, Brussels 1933-1934.
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Sources: INS: 1806 to 1981= census; 1990 and later = population on 1 January
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ "Contacts Template:Webarchive." Delhaize Group. Retrieved on 16 May 2012. "Square Marie Curie 40 1070 Brussels - Belgium"
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Guy of Anderlecht at saints.sqpn.com. Retrieved 26.March 2013
  46. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Bibliography

  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

External links

Script error: No such module "Portal".

Template:Geographic location Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Authority control

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