Anapa

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Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Script error: No such module "For". Template:Infobox Russian inhabited localityAnapa (Template:Langx, Template:Langx, Script error: No such module "Lang".) is a town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the northern coast of the Black Sea near the Sea of Azov. As of the 2021 Russian census, it had a population of 81,863.[1] It is one of the largest children's resorts in Russia.[2]

In ancient times, Anapa was the site of a major seaport and a capital of the Sindi people. In the 6th century BCE, it was settled by Greeks, who called it Gorgippia. In later centuries, the settlement came under the control of Genoa and then the Ottoman Empire. In 1781, a fortress was constructed there, which became the site of multiple sieges during the Russo-Turkish wars. It was finally annexed by the Russian Empire in 1829, after several occupations.

History

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File:Gorgippia.JPG
The archaeological site of Gorgippia

The area around Anapa was settled in antiquity. It was originally a major seaport (Sinda) and then the capital of Sindica. The colony of Gorgippia (Template:Langx) was built on the site of Sinda in the 6th century BCE by Pontic Greeks, who named it after a king of the Cimmerian Bosporus. In the 2nd and 3rd centuries BCE, Gorgippia flourished as part of the Bosporan Kingdom, as did its guild of shipowners, which controlled maritime trade in the eastern part of the Black Sea. A fine statue of Neokles (a local potentate, son of Herodoros) was unearthed by Russian archaeologists and is now on exhibit at the Russian Museum. Gorgippia was inhabited until the 3rd century CE, when it was overrun by neighbouring native tribes. These tribes, of Circassian or Adyghe origin (specifically of the Natkhuay tribeScript error: No such module "Unsubst".), gave Anapa its modern name.

Later the Black Sea littoral was overrun by successive waves of Asiatic nomads, including the Sarmatians, Ostrogoths, Huns, Avars, Gokturks, Khazars, Tatars and Circassians who are native to the Northwestern Caucasus. The settlement was renamed Mapa by the Genoese at the turn of the 14th century. Genoese domination lasted until the arrival of an Ottoman fleet in 1475. In 1781, during the reign of Abdul Hamid I, French engineers built a fortress at Anapa for the Ottomans.[3] The fortress was repeatedly attacked by the Russian Empire and was all but destroyed during its last siege in 1829. The town was passed to Russia after the Treaty of Adrianople (1829). See Template:Slink. It was included in Black Sea Okrug of Kuban Oblast and was granted town status in 1846.[4]

It was occupied by Ottomans between 1853 and 1856 during the Crimean War. It became part of Black Sea Governorate in 1896. Elizabeth Pilenko, later named as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church, was the mayor during the Russian Revolution. It became part of Kuban-Black Sea Oblast in 1920. During World War II, it was occupied and totally demolished by Nazi Germany with the help of Romanian troops between August 30, 1942 and September 22, 1943.

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Anapa serves as the administrative center of Anapsky District, even though it is not a part of it.[5] As an administrative division, it is, together with three rural localities, incorporated separately as the Town of Anapa—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[5] As a municipal division, the territories of the Town of Anapa and of Anapsky District are incorporated as Anapa Urban Okrug.[6][7]

File:RR5714-0039R.jpg
Commemorative coin of the Bank of Russia with a face of Anapa of 10 rubles (2014)

Tourism

The town boasts a number of sanatoria and hotels. Anapa is served by the Anapa Airport. Anapa seldom attracts tourists from outside Russia due to its modest infrastructure and its inconvenient accessibility from Europe via Moscow or Krasnodar.

Transportation

Transportation facilities include an international passenger port for small-tonnage ships,[8] the Anapa Airport, a railway station, a bus station, and a network of highways.[9][10]

Climate

Anapa has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) with mediterranean (Csa) influences at the lower elevations.[11] Compared to cities further south along the coast like Novorossiysk and Sochi, Anapa receives considerably less rainfall but has somewhat colder winters. Script error: No such module "weather box".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Average Sea Temperature (1977-2006).[12]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Average temperature 6.8 °C 6.1 °C 7.4 °C 10.6 °C 15.1 °C 20.0 °C 23.1 °C 24.1 °C 21.1 °C 16.6 °C 11.9 °C 8.7 °C

Demographics

The population of Anapa according to recent censuses is as follows: Template:Ru-census2021 Template:Ru-census2010 Template:Replace (2002 Census);[13] Template:Replace (1989 Soviet census).[14]

Culture

The Town Theater of Anapa is located on Krymskaya Street. It was opened after the reconstruction of the Town Cultural Center.[15] There are twenty-nine public libraries, including four for children. In 2010 the libraries of Anapa received more than 8,000 books, and magazines and newspapers were ordered costing more than 1,000,000 rubles; in addition, nine hundred CDs were purchased.[16]

File:Русские ворота и остатки стен крепости (1).jpg
The only remaining gates of an Ottoman fort
File:Gorgippia ruler Neocl.jpg
Anonymous ruler of the city of Gorgippia (Anapa) in the Bosporan Kingdom, c. 180 AD, during the period of Roman Crimea. Or alternatively the Roman Emperor at that time, Marcus Aurelius.

There is museum of Local History (Script error: No such module "Lang".) on Protapova Street.[17]

Architecture and sights

List of mayors

Activities carried out in the town

Twin towns and sister cities

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Anapa is twinned with:

Gallery

References

Notes

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  1. ↑ Template:Ru-pop-ref
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  5. ↑ a b Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  6. ↑ Charter of Anapa Urban Okrug
  7. ↑ Law #676-KZ
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Anapa Water temperature 1977-2006 (in Russian), Retrieved August 9, 2012.
  13. ↑ Template:Ru-pop-ref
  14. ↑ Template:Ru-pop-ref
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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Sources

External links

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