Ampheristus
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Ampheristus is an extinct genus of prehistoric marine ray-finned fish. It was a basal or stem member of the family Ophidiidae, which contains modern cusk-eels. Fossils are known from worldwide (the United States, Europe, India, and New Zealand) from the Late Cretaceous to the late Paleogene (Maastrichtian to Oligocene), making it a rather successful survivor of the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event.[1]
It is one of the oldest known members of the order Ophidiiformes alongside Pastorius from the Maastrichtian of Italy.[2] Only the type species, A. toliapicus from the London Clay, is known from body fossils; the rest are known only by the genus's distinctive otoliths.[1]
Species
The following species are known:[3]
- A. americanus Schwarzhans & Stringer, 2020 (Maastrichtian of Texas and Maryland, Danian of Arkansas)[1][4]
- A. bavaricus (Koken, 1891) (Maastrichtian of Germany)
- A. bhavnagarensis Singh, Patel & Rana, 2017 (Eocene of India)[5]
- A. brevicauda Schwarzhans, 2010 (Maastrichtian of Germany)
- A. brevicaudatus Lin, Steurbaut & Nolf, 2024 (Eocene of Alabama, Virginia and Maryland)[6]
- A. neobavaricus Schwarzhans, 2012 (Paleocene of Germany)
- A. pentlandensis Schwarzhans, 2019 (Eocene of New Zealand)
- A. sinuocaudatus Schwarzhans, 1980 (Eocene of New Zealand)
- A. sztrakosi Nolf & Steurbaut, 2004 (Oligocene of Italy)[7]
- A. toliapicus König, 1825 (Eocene of the United Kingdom) (type species)
- A. traunensis Schwarzhans, 2010 (Maastrichtian of Germany)
The species A. lerichei, known by a body fossil from the Eocene of Belgium and otoliths from the same region, is alternately placed in Ampheristus or Hoplobrotula.[8][9]
References
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- Prehistoric ray-finned fish genera
- Ophidiidae
- Late Cretaceous fish of North America
- Cretaceous fish of Europe
- Paleogene fish of Europe
- Eocene fish of Asia
- Cenozoic fish of Oceania
- Fossils of England
- Fossils of Germany
- Fossils of Italy
- Fossils of the United States
- Fossils of Texas
- Fossils of New Zealand
- Fossils of India
- Maastrichtian genus first appearances
- Danian genera
- Selandian genera
- Ypresian genera
- Lutetian genera
- Bartonian genera
- Rupelian genus extinctions
- Fossil taxa described in 1825
- Taxa named by Charles Konig