Alicia Patterson

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Script error: No such module "infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Check for clobbered parameters".Template:Wikidata image Alicia Patterson (October 15, 1906 – July 2, 1963) was an American journalist, the founder and editor of Newsday. With Neysa McMein, she created the Deathless Deer comic strip in 1943.

Early life

Patterson was the middle daughter of Alice (née Higinbotham) and Joseph Medill Patterson,[1]Template:R/superscript the founder of the New York Daily News,[2]Template:R/superscript and a great-granddaughter of Joseph Medill,[1]Template:R/superscript owner of the Chicago Tribune.[3]Template:R/superscriptTemplate:Efn Her mother's father was Harlow Higinbotham, partner of Marshall Field's Department Store in Chicago.[3]Template:R/superscript[4]Template:R/superscript Patterson's sisters were Elinor (1904–1984)[1]Template:R/superscript and Josephine Medill Patterson Albright (1913–1996).[5]

The family lived on a farm in Libertyville, Illinois in her earliest years, during a period when her father eschewed capitalism. He returned to the publishing world in 1910, as editor of the Chicago Tribune.[3]Template:R/superscript He sent Patterson to Germany to live with a family and learn German when she was four years old.[3]Template:R/superscript During her childhood, Patterson's father taught her daring sports, like high diving and jumping while horseback riding, to test her courage.[3]Template:R/superscript

Patterson attended the Francis Parker School and University School for Girls in Chicago. She was then sent to finishing schools in Maryland and Lausanne, Switzerland, from which she was expelled for violating the rules.[3]Template:R/superscript She attended the Foxcroft School in Virginia, where she finished second in her class, and was then sent to a school in Rome where she was expelled for behavior issues.[3]Template:R/superscript At age 19 years, she had her coming-out party in Chicago, after having spent a year in Europe with her mother and sister.[3]Template:R/superscript

Patterson's half-brother, James Joseph Patterson (1922–1992), was the son of Joseph Patterson and Mary King (1885–1975),[1]Template:R/superscript who married in 1938, the same year Joseph and Alice's divorce was finalized.[6]Template:R/superscript

Marriages

Patterson married James Simpson, Jr., the son of Marshall Field's chairman of the board, according to her father's bidding. The couple lived together only one year and were divorced in 1930.[3]Template:R/superscript During that period, she learned how to fly a plane with her father and hunted game in Indochina.[3]Template:R/superscript In 1931 she married Joseph W. Brooks and was divorced in 1939.

In 1939,[7]Template:R/superscript she married her third husband, Harry Guggenheim,[8]Template:R/superscript[7]Template:R/superscript who had been a United States ambassador to Cuba.[8]Template:R/superscript Guggenheim was on active duty for the military during World War II, during which time Patterson ran Newsday. When Guggenheim returned, he ran the administrative aspects of the business.[2]Template:R/superscript While she was married to Guggenheim, Patterson had a long-running affair with Adlai Stevenson, governor of Illinois and two-time Democratic nominee for president.[9]

Career

She worked in the promotion department of her father's Daily News in 1927, before being assigned as a reporter. She socialized with other young reporters at speakeasies and misspelled the names of the parties involved in a high-profile divorce case, for which the newspaper was sued for libel. She returned to Chicago after she was fired,[3]Template:R/superscript then married Harry Frank Guggenheim, who was Jewish.[8]Template:R/superscript

Patterson also had a career in comics, creating the character Deathless Deer with Neysa McMein. It ran in the Boston Herald[10]Template:R/superscript and the Chicago Tribune in 1943.[11]Template:R/superscript

Harry Guggenheim used a portion of the Guggenheim family's fortune[8]Template:R/superscript to help his wife purchase a newspaper in Hempstead and found Newsday in 1940.[7]Template:R/superscript Guggenheim awarded 49% of the paper's stock to his wife, and retained 51% for himself.[7]Template:R/superscript Newsday's use of investigative journalism, "lively style", and coverage of liberal and international politics led it to become a respected newspaper.[8]Template:R/superscript In 1954, it won the Pulitzer Prize and became the country's largest suburban newspaper. Patterson used the paper as a vehicle to create an identity for Long Island.[2]Template:R/superscript

According to Marilyn Elizabeth Perry:

Despite her own political opinions Patterson balanced the news coverage at Newsday, giving equal treatment to both Republican and Democratic candidates. Under her able leadership Newsday grew to become the largest suburban and twelfth-largest evening newspaper in the country, with a circulation nearing 400,000 in the 1960s. Until her death from bleeding ulcers she remained an active publisher and editor. She had intended for her niece and nephew to inherit the paper one day, but after her death her husband took over operations. Patterson was headstrong and said to have an explosive temper, but her good sense, determination, and invaluable editing brought city publishing to the suburbs. Patterson never wanted to make money or gain political power from Newsday. She maintained that all she wanted was “a good newspaper.”[12]

Death

Patterson died aged 56, of complications following stomach surgery for an ulcer, on July 2, 1963.[13]Template:R/superscript Her ashes are interred at her hunting lodge in Kingsland, Georgia.[14]Template:R/superscript

John Steinbeck, Patterson's friend since 1956, wrote a series of articles in the form of "Letters to Alicia" for Newsday following her death. In them he expressed his controversial views, such as his support for President Lyndon B. Johnson's handling of the Vietnam War and his perception of moral decline within the United States.[2]Template:R/superscript The series was written at the request of Harry Guggenheim, who became the editor of the newspaper following Patterson's death,[2]Template:R/superscript with Patterson's nephew, Joseph Albright, working as his assistant editor.[13]Template:R/superscriptTemplate:Efn

Legacy

Patterson was memorialized by Joan Miró's mural, Alicia, at the Guggenheim Museum, proposed by Harry F. Guggenheim, who was then president of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation.[15]Template:R/superscript

The Alicia Patterson Foundation, created in accordance with her will, presents an annual prize to mid-career journalists.[7]Template:R/superscript

Notes

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References

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  1. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Preview.
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Marilyn Elizabeth Perry, 1999.
  13. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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Further reading

  • Arlen, Alice, and Michael J. Arlen. The Huntress: The Adventures, Escapades, and Triumphs of Alicia Patterson: Aviatrix, Sportswoman, Journalist, Publisher (Pantheon, 2016).
  • McKinney, Megan. The Magnificent Medills: America's Royal Family of Journalism During a Century of Turbulent Splendor (Harper Collins, 2011).
  • Perry, Marilyn Elizabeth. "Patterson, Alicia" American National Biography (1999) online


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