Algerine-class gunboat

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Leven rigged as a barquentine
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File:Algerine class gunboat drawing.jpg
Design profile for the Algerine class

The Algerine-class gunboats were a class of six 3-gun wooden gunboats (reclassified as gunvessels from 1859) built for the Royal Navy in 1857. A further pair were built in India for the Bombay Marine in 1859.

An enlarged version of the very numerous Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities"., they reflected the change in use from coastal operations towards deep-water cruising, but were delivered too late to see action in the Crimean War. They were the first class of Royal Navy gunboat to incorporate a hoisting screw, which gave them improved performance under sail. The last man hung from the yardarm in the Royal Navy was a Royal Marine executed on 13 July 1860 in Leven.

Design and construction

Developed during the Crimean War as an enlarged version of W. H. Walker's Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities"., the Algerines were an acknowledgement that gunboats designed for coastal operations would inevitably be called upon to act in a cruising role, both in shallow and in deeper water.[1] Their increased size gave them much improved accommodation, and in general they were effective vessels, leading to the construction of two identical vessels for the Bombay Marine.[1]

Armament

As built, they were armed with one Script error: No such module "convert". 68-pounder (87 cwt) muzzle-loading smoothbore gun[2][Note 1] and two 24-pounder howitzers.[2] By 1863 the three surviving vessels of the class were armed with one 110-pounder Armstrong breech-loading gun and one 40-pounder Armstrong breech-loading gun.[1]

Propulsion

The class were each fitted with a 2-cylinder horizontal direct-acting single-expansion steam engine manufactured by Maudslay, Sons & Field.[Note 2][2] This engine drove a single screw, which for the first time in a gunboat was provided with a hoisting mechanism; this ensured a better performance under sail than previous classes.[1] These engines were rated at 80 nominal horsepower and produced on trials Script error: No such module "convert".. The design speed under steam was Script error: No such module "convert"..[2]

Rig

Fitted at first with a simple schooner rig (often known as a "gunboat rig" in the Royal Navy), the use of these vessels as cruisers encouraged commanding officers on far-flung stations to augment their sail area by fitting topmasts and yards, making them barquentines.[Note 3]

Operational lives

Jaseur was lost on the Bajo Nuevo Bank in the Caribbean Sea within two years of her launch,[2] having spent the whole of her short career on the North America and West Indies station, mostly in deterring the slave trade.[3] Jasper also served on the West Indies station[4] before being sold to the Chinese in 1863 to form part of Sherard Osborn's Vampire Fleet.[2] When the venture was called off, she was sold to Egypt to prevent her purchase by the Confederate Navy. Algerine spent her entire career on the China station, and was present at the capture of Canton in 1857.[5] Lee was also sent to the China station, but her career was abruptly curtailed on 25 June 1859 when she was sunk at the second battle of the Taku Forts.[6] Leven, like Lee and Algerine served on the China station, and took part in the successful first battle of the Taku Forts.[7] The last man hanged from the yardarm in the Royal Navy was a Royal Marine, executed for attempted murder on 13 July 1860 in Leven.[1] Slaney served with Algerine at the capture of Canton and with Leven at the first battle of the Taku Forts.[8]

Ships

Name Ship Builder Launched Fate
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". R & H Green, Blackwall Yard 7 March 1857 Wrecked on the Bajo Nuevo Bank on 26 February 1859, whilst on passage from Port Royal to Greytown, Nicaragua
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". R & H Green, Blackwall Yard 18 March 1857 Sold on 2 August 1862 to the Chinese Imperial Customs, renamed Amoy, and sailed in April 1863 (to join Sherard Osborn's "Vampire Fleet"). Resold to the Egyptian Government on 30 December 1865
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". W & H Pitcher, Northfleet 24 February 1857 Sold at Hong Kong on 2 April 1872, became the mercantile Algerine. Broken up in 1894.
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". W & H Pitcher, Northfleet 28 February 1857 Sunk at the Battle of Taku Forts on 25 June 1859
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". W & H Pitcher, Northfleet 7 March 1857 Sold at Shanghai on 21 July 1873
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". W & H Pitcher, Northfleet 17 March 1857 Wrecked in a typhoon in the Paracel Islands near Hong Kong on 9 May 1870

Bombay Marine versions

File:Engagement with the Tae-Ping Rebels at Nanking, 20 November 1858.jpg
Lee in action against the Taiping, 20 November 1858

Having proved their worth in the Royal Navy, two copies were built of teak at Bombay for the Bombay Marine.[9]

Name Ship Builder[9] Launched Fate
Clyde Bombay 1859
Sir Hugh Rose Bombay 1860 1876?

Notes

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  1. ↑ In some ships a Script error: No such module "convert". muzzle-loading smoothbore gun was fitted instead of the 8-inch gun.[1]
  2. ↑ The cost of these marine steam engines was £4,350,[2] or adjusting for inflation, £Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "[". in today's prices.
  3. ↑ The picture of Leven at the head of this article shows a vessel of the class rigged as a barquentine.

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Citations

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  1. ↑ a b c d e f Preston (2007), p.155
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ a b Low, Charles Rathbone. History of the Indian Navy (1613–1863) (Volume 2), R. Bentley and Son (London). Template:ISBN. p. 387

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References

Template:Algerine class gunboats

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