Alfa Romeo V6 engine

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File:Alfaromeo166turbo.jpg
2.0L V6 12V Turbo from Alfa Romeo 166

The Alfa Romeo V6 engine (also called the Busso V6) is a 60° V6 engine made by Alfa Romeo from 1979 to 2005. It was developed in the early 1970s by Giuseppe Busso, and first used on the Alfa 6 with a displacement of Template:Cvt and a SOHC 12-valve cylinder head. Later versions ranged from Template:Cvt and had DOHC 24-valve valvetrains. The original design had short pushrods for the exhaust valves in a design similar to earlier Lancia Fulvia engines. The first DOHC version was in the 1993 Alfa Romeo 164, with an aluminium alloy engine block and head with sodium filled exhaust valves.

The Alfa Romeo V6 has been used in kit cars like the Ultima GTR, Hawk HF Series, and DAX,[1][2][3] as well as the Gillet Vertigo sports car [4] and the Lancia Aurelia B20GT Outlaw.[5] In August 2011 EVO magazine wrote that "the original Alfa Romeo V6 was the most glorious-sounding six-cylinder road engine ever,"[6] and has been called the "Violin of Arese" or "Alfa's Violin".[7] The Alfa Romeo V6 engine has also been used in ice resurfacer made by engo Ltd. in Italy.[8]

12V, two valve

2.0

A Template:Cvt version was introduced in 1983. Both carburetted Template:Cvt and fuel-injected Template:Cvt versions were available from the start.[9]

Applications:

2.0 Turbo

A Template:Cvt turbocharged version, derived from the 3.0 L 12v, first with total digital management, was introduced in 1991 in the Alfa Romeo 164 with Template:Cvt.[10] The engine has a bore and stroke of Template:Cvt. It was mainly intended for domestic market, due to Italian law at the time taxing cars with engines with larger displacement than two liters at a higher rate.

Applications:

2.5

File:Alfa Romeo GTV6 engine bay.jpg
Longitudinal 2.5L in a GTV6

The original engine displaced Template:Cvt and produced Template:Cvt.[9] It was a 2-valve-per-cylinder design with a single belt-driven camshaft per cylinder bank and six carburettors. The engine has a bore and stroke of Template:Cvt.

The Bosch L-Jetronic fuel injection was added for the 1983 Alfa 6, which produced the same Template:Cvt.[9] The 2-valve engine ended its life in the Alfa 155, where there were two series for this engine, the Template:Cvt developing Template:Cvt.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Differences between them were small and only on torque and power delivery producing exactly the same horsepower.

Applications:

2.8 Gleich

In 1982, the German Alfa Romeo dealer and tuner Gleich offered a 2.8 conversion of the GTV6 2.5 engine. Dieter Gleich was sure that engine displacement enlargement is still the best and, for the life of the engine, the healthiest way of tuning. The engine capacity was increased to nearly 2.8 liters by using new bushings and custom-built forged Mahle pistons while the compression ratio was raised from 9.5 to 10.5:1. The 2.5 liter was rebored to Template:Cvt. Total displacement was Template:Cvt. Power produced were Template:Cvt at 6,300 rpm and torque Template:Cvt at 4200 rpm.[13]

The magazine "Sport driver" tested a 2.8 Gleich powered GTV6 in June 1982:

"After engaging the first gear and a somewhat careless step on the gas pedal you get a touched feel to the epiphany GTV6 shot, accompanied by the typical Alfa Romeo exhaust sound. It was a pleasure. The fact was the sprint from 0 to Template:Cvt is not further under the seven-second limited by a tricky-to-be-shifted five-speed gearbox. The really vehement propulsion waned only when the speedometer Template:Cvt mark has left behind. Another eye-opening experience awaits when you realize that the lightning speed to 7000 rpm rotating in any gear pinion even in fifth gear still from 1500 rpm is completely smooth."

Applications:

  • 1982 Alfa Romeo Alfetta GTV6 2.8 Gleich

3.0 SA (Autodelta)

The original 2.5 engine as used in the Alfa 6 was bored and stroked by Autodelta, the former Alfa Romeo racing department to match the racing rules for South African and Australian championships. Bore was increased from Template:Cvt to Template:Cvt and a new crankshaft stroked to Template:Cvt. The total displacement was Template:Cvt and it's a totally different engine from the later Template:Cvt that powered the 75/Milano models. It was, too, a 2-valve-per-cylinder design with a single belt-driven camshaft per cylinder bank and six carburettors. Special camshafts and carbs were used giving a power figure of Template:CvtScript error: No such module "Unsubst". at 5800 rpm. Torque was Template:CvtScript error: No such module "Unsubst". at 4300 rpm, while compression ratio was 9:1.

Only 174 complete GTV6 3.0 SA cars were produced in 1984, plus 68 more in 1985. The last ones built were fitted with electronic fuel injection.

The 3.0 GTV6 was sold in South Africa in 1983–1985, predating the release of the 3.0 L displacement to the rest of the world.[14] This engine was an Autodelta hand made conversion based on Alfa Sei 2.5 carbureted engines enlarged to bore and stroke of Template:Cvt.[14][15]

Applications:

3.0

Pulled by the racing success of the 3.0 SA engine and looking for more power to boost 75/Milano sales in countries like USA, Alfa Romeo introduced a production version of the 3.0 engine. Bore was Template:Cvt, as the 3.0 SA, but stroke was increased to Template:Cvt. The total displacement was Template:Cvt. As the previous engines, it was a 2-valve-per-cylinder design with a single belt-driven camshaft per cylinder bank. The main difference with the racing 3.0 SA was the use of modern L-Jetronic fuel injection system by Bosch. Power figures vary from Template:Cvt to Template:Cvt at 5800 rpm,Script error: No such module "Unsubst". with compression ratio 9:1.

This engine was modified for transverse placement in the 164 and fitted with a high-performance camshaft and low-restriction exhaust, producing Template:Cvt in standard form, Template:Cvt when a catalyzer was added in 1991, with the Cloverleaf version producing Template:Cvt.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

The same engine was fitted to the SZ and RZ — ES30 Zagato, but even more finely tuned with wilder cams and high compression pistons to a further Template:Cvt.[16]

Applications:

24V, four valve

2.5 24V

File:AlfaRomeo25V6.JPG
24V 2.5L from an Alfa Romeo 156

A four-valve version was introduced in 1997 with the Alfa Romeo 156. The engine now produced Template:Cvt.[17] In 2001, the V6 was uprated to Template:Cvt.[18] The 166 used a slightly detuned version to make more low rev torque. This engine version was awarded as the International Engine of the Year in 2000.[17] The engine has a bore and stroke of Template:Cvt, the same as the two-valve.

Applications:

3.0 24V

File:Alfa164 DOHC24V Engine.jpg
Alfa Romeo 164 24V 3.0L
File:AlfaRomeo30-24V.JPG
3.0L V6 24V, newer version with red lettering
File:Lancia kappa coupe 3,0.jpg
Lancia Kappa 3.0L 24V had black intake runners

The engine was upgraded to dual overhead cams and four valves per cylinder in 1993. Due to this and other refinements, this engine produced Template:Cvt for the regular 1993 Alfa Romeo 164, with Template:Cvt and Template:Cvt in the 164 QV with its engine producing Template:Cvt on the Q4 model which in its final production run in 1996, it got reduced to Template:Cvt but with increased torque.[20] The final run of 3.0 V6 engines in the GTV, Spider and 166 range, produced Template:Cvt[20] in the Euro 3-compliant version. The engine has a bore and stroke of Template:Cvt, the same as the two-valve.

Applications:

3.2 24V

File:GTAengine32.jpg
Alfa Romeo 147 GTA 3.2L

In 2002 Alfa Romeo introduced the 156 and 147 GTA with a Template:Cvt version of the V6 with Template:Cvt and Template:Cvt of torque.[18] Later this engine was also used in the Alfa Romeo 166, GTV, Spider and Alfa Romeo GT[21] in a slightly detuned form Template:Cvt.[22] The engine has a bore and stroke Template:Cvt.[23] In Lancia this engine produced Template:Cvt.[24]

Applications:

3.5 24V

In December 2002, at the Bologna Motor Show,[5] Alfa Romeo displayed a 156 GTAm prototype, built by N-Technology, with 3458cc. The power was increased to 300 PS at 6,800rpm. The engine had a bore and stroke of 97 mm x 78 mm. This version never came to production, and it was based on N-Technology's experience racing the 156 GTA SuperTuring.

Application:

2.5 DTM

Alfa Romeo raced, in early 1990s, a 2.5-litre engine based on Busso's 60º V6. The engine was substantially revised and had a difference bore and stroke from the 2.5 standard engine, respectively, 93 mm x 61.3 mm, and making 420 bhp (313 kW) at 11,800 rpm with a torque of 294 Nm. Alfa Romeo, during the 1993–1996 era of DTM/ITC, racked up an incredible thirty-eight victories of a total of eighty-nine starts. The V6-engined machine also qualified on pole nineteen times and set the fastest lap in forty-two races.

Application:

Later, Alfa Romeo also raced a development of the Peugeot, Renault, Volvo 90° V6 engine, with 490 PS at 11,900 rpm, in the 1996 DTM Championship.[30]

Other 24V displacements

Alfa Romeo worked on other displacements, specifically a 2.8L (2846cc), with 88 mm bore (same as the 2.5 liter engine) and a 78 mm stroke (same as the 3.2 liter engine). According to Alfa Romeo engineers, there were considerable gains, especially in torque. However, this engine never made it into series production. Some private workshops work on these engines to obtain larger displacements (and power outputs), with diameters of 101 mm (3.75L) or even 103 mm (3.9L).

Engine applications — Table

Layout Engine Cylinder Head 12 valves 24 valves
Version 2.0 2.0 Turbo 2.5 2.8 Gleich 3.0 Autodelta 3.0 2.5 3.0 3.2
Bore 80 88 93 93 93 88 93 93
Stroke 66,2 68.3 68.3 72.0 72.6 68.3 72.6 78.0
Capacity 1 996 2 492 2 784 2 934 2 959 2 492 2 959 3 179
Longitudinal Alfa Romeo Alfa 6 1983–1986 1979–1986
Alfa Romeo GTV6 (Alfetta) 1980–1986 1982 1984–1985
Alfa Romeo 90 1984–1987 1984–1987
Alfa Romeo 75/Milano 1985–1991 1987–1991
Alfa Romeo SZ 1989–1991
Alfa Romeo RZ 1992–1994
Transverse Alfa Romeo 164 1991–1997 1988–1997 1993–1997
Alfa Romeo 155 1992–1997
Alfa Romeo GTV (916) 1994–2000 1994 1996–2003 2002–2004
Alfa Romeo Spider (916) 1998–2000 1993–2000 2000–2003 2002–2004
Alfa Romeo 156 1996–2005
Alfa Romeo 166 1996–2000 1996–2007 1996–2007 2003–2007
Alfa Romeo 156 GTA 2002–2005
Alfa Romeo 147 GTA 2002–2005
Alfa Romeo GT 2003–2010
Fiat Croma 1993–1996
Lancia Thema 1992–1994
Lancia Kappa 1994–2000
Lancia Thesis 2001–2008 2003–2009

Production end

The V6 production ended in 2005 at Alfa Romeo Arese Plant;[31] a stock of five thousand were built, to be used in Lancia Thesis, Alfa 166 and Alfa GT models.[32] The engine was replaced in the 159 and Brera by a new 3.2 L V6 unit combining a General Motors-designed engine block with Alfa Romeo cylinder heads and induction. British automotive engineering company Cosworth was keen to buy assembly lines of the Alfa Romeo V6 engine, but the Italian company did not want to sell it.[33] The last version of 3.2 L engine was Euro4 compliant, so it would have been possible to produce it a couple of years more.[34] The engine's designer Giuseppe Busso died within a couple of days after the last engine was produced in Arese.[35]

Since 2015, Fiat Powertrain manufactures the all-new 690T, Ferrari-derived 90° V6 twin-turbo engine for the Giulia Quadrifoglio, Stelvio Quadrifoglio and Giulia GTA/GTA-m models.

See also

Notes

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ EVO Magazine August 2011 page 77
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ ICE PROFI: Engo 270 SX | ICE PROFI, accessdate: 26. October 2019
  9. ↑ a b c ELABORARE: Motore Alfa Romeo V6 — ELABORARE, accessdate: 14. September 2018
  10. ↑ Boitier Rouge: Alfa Romeo 164 : la meilleure des « Tipo 4 » ? | Boitier Rouge, accessdate: 14. September 2018
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ This AC 3000 ME MkII Prototype Is The British Lancia Stratos You Never Knew You Wanted • Petrolicious: This AC 3000 ME MkII Prototype Is The British Lancia Stratos You Never Knew You Wanted • Petrolicious, accessdate: 26. January 2020
  13. ↑ Classic Cars: Alfa Romeo GTV6 2.8 specificaties en info — Classic Cars, accessdate: 14. September 2018
  14. ↑ a b CAR magazine: CLASSIC BUY: Alfa Romeo GTV6 (1982–1985) — CAR magazine, accessdate: 14. September 2018
  15. ↑ topCar magazine online: Alfa 3.0 GTV6 | topCar magazine online, accessdate: 14. September 2018
  16. ↑ Fast Classics: Alfa Romeo S.Z. | Fast Classics, accessdate: 26. October 2019
  17. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ a b Fiat Chrysler Automobiles EMEA Press: New Alfa 156 and Alfa 156 GTA — Press Releases — Fiat Chrysler Automobiles EMEA Press, accessdate: 14. September 2018
  19. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ a b Quattroruote.it: Listino ALFA ROMEO 164 (1987–1998) — prezzi, caratteristiche tecniche e accessori — Quattroruote.it, accessdate: 14. September 2018
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Fiche technique Alfa Romeo 166 3.2 V6 240 BLACK LINE 2007: Fiche technique Alfa Romeo 166 3.2 V6 240 BLACK LINE 2007, accessdate: 14. September 2018
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Fiat Chrysler Automobiles EMEA Press: NEW ENGINES FOR THE LANCIA THESIS — Press Releases — Fiat Chrysler Automobiles EMEA Press Script error: No such module "webarchive"., accessdate: 14. September 2018
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ YouTube: Limone Racconta: La verità sul motore Alfa 155 V6 Ti + 156 e Fulvia Concept — Davide Cironi (SUBS) — YouTube, accessdate: 26 July 2018
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ AutoEdizione.com: Alfisti commemorate Giuseppe Busso in Arese | AutoEdizione.com Script error: No such module "webarchive"., accessdate: 14. September 2018

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Further reading

  • The Alfa Romeo V6 Engine High-Performance Manual, Jim Kartalamakis, Veloce Publishing, Template:ISBN.

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