Alexander von Keyserling

File:Keyserlingk-Wappen.png

Coat of arms of the Uradel Keyserlingk family in the Template:Interlanguage link.

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Coat of arms of the Prussian counts of the Keyserlingk family, in the Baltic coat of arms book by Carl Arvid von Klingspor in 1882

Alexander Friedrich Michael Lebrecht Nikolaus Arthur Graf von KeyserlingTemplate:Sfn (15 August 1815 – 8 May 1891) was a Baltic German geologist and paleontologist from the Keyserlingk family of Baltic German nobility.

Career

Alexander von Keyserling was born on 27 August [O.S. 25] 1815 at the Kabillen Manor, Template:Interlanguage link, Courland Governorate (in present-day Kabile, Kuldīga Municipality, Latvia), then part of the Russian Empire. His father was Count Heinrich Diedrich Wilhelm von Keyserling, 3rd Count of Rautenburg, was a spokesman, Template:Interlanguage link and Template:Interlanguage link in Courland, his mother was Baroness Anna Amalie Benigna Template:Interlanguage link. His family was of Westphalian origin and was originated in Herford, they were considered part of the Uradel, or old nobility. The first ever mentioned member was Albert Keserlink (1443-1467 or 1468), the mayor of Herford. Alexander belonged to the House of Rautenburg-Telsen-Paddern,Template:Sfn which was a subdivided branch of the Prussian comital branch.Template:Sfn The branch's founder Dietrich II von Keyserling, Herr auf Template:Interlanguage link und Template:Interlanguage link, was elevated to count in 1786.Template:Sfn Dietrich's father Heinrich Christian also inherited the title of Count of Rautenburg,Template:Sfn although Alexander didn't inherit the title since he was the 10th child in the family, his elder brother Otto Ulrich Johann inherited the title.Template:Sfn

Alexander studied at the Humboldt University of Berlin, here he met with future German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck and John Lothrop Motley, with whom he became lifelong friends.

Alexander is considered to be one of the founders of Russian geology. He made many expeditions on behalf of Nicholas I of Russia in Estonia, northern Russia, and the Urals (1839-1846).

He was also a botanist and zoologist who wrote Die wirbelthiere Europa's (Vertebrates of Europe) with Johann Heinrich Blasius. This work was published in 1840.

Alexander's nephews include diplomat Heinrich von Keyserlingk and writer Eduard von Keyserling. Archibald von Keyserling, the first leader of the Latvian Navy, was his brother Eduard Ernst Hermann von Keyserling's grandson. Philosopher Hermann von Keyserling was his grandson.

Evolution

Keyserling was an advocate of the transmutation of species. In 1853, he wrote an article which suggested that species arose from the activity of "alien molecules" acting on the embryo. He believed that such molecules were transported by miasma. In the third edition of On the Origin of Species published in 1861, Charles Darwin added a Historical Sketch that acknowledged the ideas of Keyserling.

Darwin sent a copy of his book to Keyserling who was skeptical about the role of natural selection in evolution. By 1886, however, he embraced most of Darwin's ideas claiming "I renounced my views which contradicted Darwin's theory, and I consider that the changes of the embryo arise not by means of external action of certain molecules but by the influence of selection and heredity."

Legacy

Keyserling is commemorated in the scientific name of a species of gecko, Teratoscincus keyserlingii.

See also

• List of Baltic German scientists

Sources

• (de)