Albanian Air Force
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The Albanian Air Force (Template:Langx - Air Force of the Republic of Albania) is the air force of Albania and one of the branches of the Albanian Armed Forces.
History
Early history
In 1914 the government of Albania ordered three Lohner Daimler aircraft from Austria to form an air force. As a result of the outbreak of World War I, the order was cancelled. Albania did not have the resources to start the development of a proper Air Force during the 1920s and 1930s. After the establishment of the Albanian Kingdom in 1928, King Zog formed the Royal Albanian Air Corps under the direction of the Royal Albanian Army.
After its launch, the group was provided with four Albatros C.XV/L.47s and one Albatros C.XV/L.47b, but they were never put into full service.
The Royal Air Force, and the rest of Albanian armed forces, were abolished following the Italian invasion of Albania.[1]
Socialist Albania
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After World War II, the Albanian Air Force finally came into existence on 24 April 1951 when Albania was equipped with Soviet aircraft.[2] The first squadron was equipped with Yak-9Ps. The first jet fighter to enter service was the MiG-15bis, entering service on 15 May 1955, followed by the MiG-17F. Some of the MiG-15s were Soviet fighters used and then withdrawn from the North Korean Air Force. The MiG-19 (NATO code "Farmer") became the backbone of the Albanian Air Force. 12 MiG-19PM were delivered by the USSR in October 1959 and in the same year pilots and specialists were sent in the USSR to obtain training for the new aircraft. An academy was founded in Vlorë in 1962.[2] Albania cut diplomatic ties with the Soviet Union in 1962, leading to a shift to China for the supply of necessary parts to maintain its MiGs.[3] After the collapse of USSR-Albanian relations, significant numbers of Shenyang J-6 fighters (Chinese copy of the MiG-19S), were acquired from China. In the early 1970s, Albania exchanged its lot of MiG-19PM fighters with 12 more advanced, Chengdu J-7A fighters (Chinese copy of the Soviet-built MiG-21). Two of them were lost in incidents in the early 1970s and eight had problems with lack of batteries in the early 1980s.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
In total, during the 70s and early 80s, the equipment of the Albanian Air Force consisted of 142 Shenyang J-6Cs, 12 Chengdu J-7As, a fighter squadron equipped with MiG-17s, a considerable number of MiG-15 (both BIS and UTI versions), and 4 Soviet-made Il-14 transport aircraft. A squadron of Shijiazhuang Y-5 was deployed in Tirana and the Air Force Academy in Vlora had two squadrons of Yak-18 for basic pilot training purposes. The helicopter component consisted in 18 Harbin Z-5 (Chinese copy of Mil Mi-4) helicopters based in Farka Tirana, meanwhile there was a single prototype of a light H-5 bomber based in Rinas.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Due to the collapse of relations between Albania and the Chinese, maintenance became extremely difficult and the number of deadly incidents involving Mikoyan fighters increased. Despite Albanian efforts and some initial success in repairing the engines of the MiGs, the lack of specific jet fuel forced authorities to start production locally, resulting in low-quality production (the first attempt was in 1961, when the Kuçova factory produced the special jet fuel (a derivative of kerosene called TSI). The fuel shortened the lifespan of the jet engines and was often blamed as the main reason for several deadly incidents. 35 Albanian pilots lost their lives from 1955 to 2005, mainly due to mechanical failures with the MiG aircraft.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Recent history
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Following the fall of communism in Albania in 1990, the air force had 200 jets and 40 helicopters, and four Il-14 transport planes.[3] In the early 1990s, 7594 Regiment became Aviation Regiment 4020, seemingly with its 1st Squadron of fighter aircraft and 2nd Squadron of FT-5s, and Y-5s (Antonov An-2s).[4] During the 1997 uprising in Albania, seven aircraft of the airforce were destroyed and their parts were stolen.[3] In the early 90s, in an effort to keep the fighter jets flying, the Albanian Air Force received spare parts from Bulgaria and engines from the ex-GDR. By 2004, Albania still had 117 J-6C aircraft, (although most were not operational) and only 12 J-7A.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". The Albanian fighter jets were finally withdrawn from active service in late 2004 after the last deadly incident involving a J-6C which crashed during take-off from the military area at Mother Teresa Airport in Tirana.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
By 2006, Albania had scrapped over half of its Z-5s and had signed a contract for the delivery of six Bolkow 105s over three years.[5] This acquisition allowed air force to operate with 4 Y-5s, 7 B206s, 3 B205s, 6 Bolkow 105s.[5] Currently, the Albanian Air Brigade does not operate any Soviet-era aircraft. Since 2011, 9 Shijiazhuang Y-5 have been retired from service.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". In 2011, the air force sold four Il-14 transport planes for scrap.[3]
In 2016, 40 retired Albanian military aircraft were prepared for auction at a future date. The aircraft for sale include a military trainer aircraft, the Yak-18, and four types of military jets – MiG-15s, MiG-17s, MiG-19s, and MiG-21s – and four Mi-4 transport helicopters. The government said there has been interest from collectors and museums, and that it will sell another 100 jets if the auction is successful. The funds generated will be used to further modernise the Air Force.[3]
Equipment
Aircraft
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The Albanian Air Force has retired all of its fixed-wing aircraft and now operates several types of helicopters.
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| Aircraft | Origin | Type | In service | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A319CJ | France | VIP transport | 1[6] | |
| Bell 206 | Italy | Utility | 3[6] | |
| Bell 205 | Italy | Multipurpose utility | 3[6] | |
| MBB Bo 105 | Germany | Light utility | 4[6] | |
| Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk | United States | Utility | 2[6] | 4 on order |
| Eurocopter EC145 | France | Light utility | 2[6] | |
| Eurocopter AS532 Cougar | France | Utility | 4[6] | |
| AgustaWestland AW109 | Italy | Search and rescue / Utility | 1[6] | |
| Unmanned aerial vehicles | ||||
| RQ-20 Puma | United States | UAV | 6[7] | |
| Bayraktar TB2 | Turkey | UCAV | 3[8] | 6+ on order, UAV ground control station is installed in Kuçova Air Base[8] |
Radars
since November 2020[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., Albania Air Force operates a AN/FPS-117 Long-range radar system on Mida mountain , which was a joint investment of Albania and the US through Lockheed Martin with $19 million coming from Albania and $3 million from the US. The radar is integrated into the NATO Integrated Air Defense System.[9]
Structure
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The air force's headquarters is located in Tirana and it operates three airbases: Tirana Air Base with the national Control and Reporting Centre, which reports to NATO's Integrated Air Defense System CAOC Torrejón in Spain, Kuçovë Air Base, and Lapraka Air Base, home to the government's transport helicopters.[10]
- Headquarters - Tirana[11][12]
- Staff Support Company, in Tirana
- Helicopter Squadron, at Farkë Air Base in Farkë
- Support Squadron, at Kuçovë Air Base in Kuçovë
- Unmanned Aircraft Detachment, at Kuçovë Air Base in Kuçovë with Bayraktar TB2[13]
- Ground-Based Air Defence Battalion[13]
- Air Surveillance Center, in Rinas reports to NATO Integrated Air Defense System's CAOC Torrejón at Torrejón Air Base in Spain
- Military Meteorological Service, in Tirana
- Automated weather stations in Farkë, Gjadër, Kuçovë, Kukës, Vlorë, and Gjirokastër
Ranks
Officer ranks
Template:Ranks and Insignia of NATO Armed Forces/OF/BlankTemplate:Ranks and Insignia of NATO Air Forces/OF/AlbaniaOther ranks
Template:Ranks and Insignia of NATO Air Forces/OR/Albania| NATO code | OR-9 | OR-8 | OR-7 | OR-6 | OR-5 | OR-4 | OR-3 | OR-2 | OR-1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Roundels
- Roundels of Albanian Air Force (1946–1992)
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(1946–1958)
-
(1958–1960)
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(1960–1992)
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(1960–1992)
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Fin flash (1946–1960)
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See also
References
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- ↑ Komanda Forcave Ajrore Shqiptare Template:Webarchive
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External links
- Albanian Armed Forces Template:Webarchive
- Eastern Orbat, Albanian Air Force 1988
- Aeroflight, World Air Forces - Albania, last revised 8 June 2006
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