Alapaha River

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File:Alapaha River looking north from Naylor Landing.jpg
The Alapaha River looking north from Naylor Landing
File:Alapaharivermap.png

The Alapaha River Template:IPAc-en is a Script error: No such module "convert".[1] river in southern Georgia and northern Florida in the United States. It is a tributary of the Suwannee River, which flows to the Gulf of Mexico.

History

The Hernando de Soto expedition narrative records mention a "Yupaha" village they encountered after they left Apalachee, "the sound of which is suggestive of the Alapaha, a tributary of the Suwanee."[2] Another reference to a village of "Atapaha" "so closely resembles Alapaha that it is reasonable to suppose they are the same, and that the town was on the river of that name."[3] John Reed Swanton's landmark Indian Tribes of North America places the Indian village of Alapaha near where the Alapaha River met the Suwanee, and also noted that an Indian village of "Arapaja" was 70 leagues from St. Augustine, Florida, probably on the Alapaha River.[4] The Spanish mission of Santa María de Los Angeles de Arapaha was located along the lower reaches of the river from before 1630 until 1656.[5]

In the 1840s a German travel writer, Friedrich Gerstäcker wrote a dime novel called Alapaha, or the Renegades of the Border, giving the name to a noble Cherokee "squaw." A translation of this novel was published in the 1870s as #67 in a series of American narratives published by Beadle.[6]

During the American Civil War, the swamps along the Alapaha River in Berrien, Irwin, and Echols counties became a refuge for a number of gangs of Confederate deserters.[7]

Course

The Alapaha River rises in southeastern Dooly County, Georgia, and flows generally southeastwardly through or along the boundaries of Crisp, Wilcox, Turner, Ben Hill, Irwin, Tift, Berrien, Atkinson, Lanier, Lowndes and Echols Counties in Georgia, and Hamilton County in Florida, where it flows into the Suwannee River 10 miles (16 km) southwest of Jasper. Along its course it passes the Georgia towns of Pitts, Rebecca, Alapaha, Willacoochee, Lakeland, and Statenville.

Near Willacoochee, Georgia, the Alapaha collects the Willacoochee River. In Florida, it collects the Alapahoochee River and the short Little Alapaha River, which rises in Echols County, Georgia, and flows southwestward.

Intermittent river

File:Dead River Sink.jpg
The Dead River Sink
File:AlapahaRiver2002.jpg
Image of the entire surface water flow of the Alapaha River near Jennings, Florida going into a sinkhole leading to the Floridan aquifer groundwater.

The Alapaha River is an intermittent river for part of its course. During periods of low volume, the river disappears underground and becomes a subterranean river. At approximately Script error: No such module "convert". downstream from Jennings, Florida the Dead River enters the Alapaha River. It is a usually dry river bed with a number of sinkholes, including the Dead River Sink. During periods of low water flow, the Alapaha River downstream from the confluence of the Dead River and the Alapaha River flows upstream into the Dead River.

A few more miles downstream is a second sinkhole variously known as the Alapaha River Sink, Suck Hole, or the Devil's Den on the western bank of the river. At the latter point during the periods of low water flow, the Alapaha River disappears underground leaving a dry bank for much of the remainder of its course. The Alapaha River later reappears at the Alapaha River Rise, which is about a half mile upstream from the confluence of the Alapaha River and the Suwannee River (Script error: No such module "Coordinates".). During a period of low rainfall over Script error: No such module "convert". of the riverbed can be dry as the river goes underground.

Variant names

The United States Board of Geographic Names settled on the "Alapaha River" as the stream's name in 1891. According to the Geographic Names Information System, it has also been known as:

  • Alabaha River
  • Alapa Haw River
  • Alapa Hawchu River
  • Alla-pa-ha River
  • Allallehaw River
  • Allapacoochee River
  • Allapaha River
  • Allapauhau River
  • Allaphaw River
  • Allappaha River
  • Allopohaw River
  • Alloppehaw River
  • Alopaha River
  • Elapaha River
  • Lappahaw River
  • Lop Haw River
  • Lopaha River
  • Lopahatchy River
  • Loppahaw River
  • Low Haw River
  • Popaha River

Crossings

Crossing Carries Image Location ID number Coordinates

Georgia

Griffin Road Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Buzzard Bridge Willford Crossing Road Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
County Line Road Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Seville Road Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Seville Road Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Seville-Pleasantview Road Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Old Cordele Road Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Flowers Road Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Watson Road Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Dowley Road Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Rail bridge CSX Transportation
Line formerly known as Savannah, Americus and Montgomery Railway 		Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
File:US 280.svgUS 280
File:Georgia 30.svg SR 30 		Pitts, Georgia to Seville, Georgia Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Highway later replaced by File:Georgia 159.svg SR 159 Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
File:Georgia 159.svg SR 159 Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Hawkinsville and Florida Southern Railway (Abandoned 1920s) Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
File:Georgia 112.svg SR 112 Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Jay Calhoun Road Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
File:Georgia 90.svg SR 90 Rebecca, Georgia Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Rail bridge CSX Transportation
Line formerly known as Atlanta, Birmingham and Atlantic Railway 		Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Hawkinsville and Florida Southern Railway (Abandoned since before the 1920s) Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
File:Georgia 107.svg SR 107 Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Walker Ford Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Flat Ford Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Crystal Lake Road Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
File:Georgia 125.svg SR 125
File:Georgia 132.svg SR 132 		Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Tifton and Northeastern Railroad (Line abandoned in the 1960s, defunct) Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Lennon Bridge File:US 319.svgUS 319
File:Georgia 35.svg SR 35 		Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
5 Bridge Road Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
McMillan Bridge File:US 129.svgUS 129
File:Georgia 11.svg SR 11 		Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Sgt. James E. Jones Memorial Bridge File:US 82.svgUS 82
File:Georgia 50.svg SR 50 		Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Rail bridge CSX Transportation
Line formally known as the Brunswick and Albany Railroad 		Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
PVT. George W. Lee Memorial Bridge File:Georgia 135.svg SR 135 Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Norfolk Southern Railway
Line formerly known as Ocilla, Pinebloom and Valdosta Railroad 		Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Mud Creek Bridge File:Georgia 168.svg SR 168
File:Georgia 64.svg SR 64 		Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Waycross and Western Railroad (Closed 1925, defunct) Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Knight's Bridge
Captain Henry Will Jones Bridge File:US 129.svgUS 129
File:Georgia 11.svg SR 11 		Lakeland, Georgia to Homerville, Georgia Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Carters Ferry/Bridge (Defunct) Lakeland, Georgia to Magnolia, Georgia.
Hotchkiss Bridge Old State Road/Old River/Hotchiss Road (Built 1895, defunct) Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
File:US 84.svgUS 84
File:Georgia 38.svg SR 38 		Naylor, Georgia to Stockton, Georgia Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Rail bridge CSX Transportation
Line formerly known as the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad (1856–79) 		Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Lee Bridge (Defunct) Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Howells Ferry/Bridge Howell Road (Old route, defunct) Mayday, Georgia Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Howell Road Mayday, Georgia Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Rail bridge Norfolk Southern Railway
Line formerly known as the Atlantic, Valdosta and Western Railway 		Mayday, Georgia Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Formally the location of Troublesome Ford File:Georgia 94.svg SR 94 Statenville, Georgia Script error: No such module "Coordinates".

Florida

File:Florida 150.svg SR 150 File:FL Jennings CR 150 bridge west01.jpg Jennings, Florida to Jasper, Florida Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Rail bridge Norfolk Southern Railway
Line formerly known as Georgia Southern and Florida Railway 		File:FL Jennings near CR 150 RR bridge01.jpg Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
NW 14th Terrace (Defunct) Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
File:US 41.svg US 41 File:US 41 Alapaha River bridge west02.jpg Jennings, Florida to Jasper, Florida Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
File:I-75.svg Interstate 75 Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
(Defunct) Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
SW County Road 751 File:FL CR 751 Alapaha River bridge south01.jpg Alapaha River Rise Script error: No such module "Coordinates".

References

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  1. ↑ U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The National Map Template:Webarchive, accessed April 18, 2011
  2. ↑ George Ransford Fairbanks, History of Florida from its discovery by Ponce de Leon, in 1512 to the close of the Florida War in 1842. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1871, p. 60.
  3. ↑ Fairbanks, p. 76.
  4. ↑ John Reed Swanton, Indian Tribes of North America, p. 147.
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Alapaha, the squaw or, The renegades of the border [WorldCat.org]
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

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