Agyrium
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Agyrium is a genus of saprophytic fungi in the family Agyriaceae. It probably evolved from a lichen ancestor, as it is closely related to many lichenized species of fungi.[1]
Taxonomy
Agyrium was first proposed by Elias Magnus Fries in his 1821 work Systema Mycologicum,[2] although the name was not published validly as a type species was not indicated;[3] Fries published the name validly a year later in the second volume of the same work.[4] The species Agyrium rufum was assigned as the type by Frederic Clements and Cornelius Lott Shear in 1931.[5]
Description
Characteristics of genus Agyrium include the following: a poorly developed thallus that is immersed in its substrate; ascomata in the form of an apothecium with a reduced ring-shaped exciple (the layer surrounding the hymenium that sometimes develops into a distinct margin); paraphyses that are highly branched; and ascospores that are ellipsoid and thin-walled.[6]
The mycelia of Agyrium fungi, although not strictly lichenised, are associated with and sometimes penetrate green algae – particularly near the apothecia.[6] This is a condition that has been described as "facultative parasitism".[7]
Species
since May 2021[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., Species Fungorum accepts two species of Agyrium.
- Agyrium aurantium W.Y.Zhuang & Zhu L.Yang (2006)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Agyrium rufum (Pers.) Fr. (1822)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
The type species, Agyrium rufum, has a largely Northern Hemisphere distribution and occurs widely in Europe, although it has also been recorded in Tasmania.[6] Agyrium aurantium occurs in China.[8]
Although 46 taxa have been placed in Agyrium since its inception, many of them were described more than a century ago and have not been investigated with modern molecular techniques. Several of them have since been transferred to other genera. For example:
- Agyrium caesium Fr. (1822)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". = Puttea caesia
- Agyrium densum Fuckel (1871)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". = Mellitiosporiella densa
- Agyrium flavescens Rehm (1903)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". = Skyttella mulleri
- Agyrium nigricans Fr. (1822)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". = Platygloea nigricans
- Agyrium nitidum Lib. (1834)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". = Agyriella nitida
- Agyrium phragmiticola Hansf. (1946)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". = Neottiosporina phragmiticola
- Agyrium solidaginis (Ces.) De Not. (1863)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". = Ploettnera solidaginis
- Agyrium vulpinum (Tul.) H.OlivierScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". = Phacopsis vulpina
References
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- ↑ Esslinger, T. L. 2009. A cumulative checklist for the lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of the continental United States and Canada. North Dakota State University. First posted December 1 1997; most recent update 27 August, 2009. Fargo, North Dakota.
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