Aeshna
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Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox
Phulchowki, Nepal
Phulchowki, Nepal
Aeshna,[1] or the mosaic darners, is a genus of dragonflies from the family Aeshnidae. Species within this genus are generally known as "hawkers" (Old World) or "darners" (New World).
Description
These are relatively large dragonflies. Their thoraces and abdomens are brown in color, with blue or yellow stripes or spots on the thorax, and yellow, blue or green spots on the abdomen.
Natalia von Ellenrieder's 2003 paper demonstrated that the Holarctic and Neotropical species placed in this genus did not share a common ancestor, and proposed the latter be placed in the genus Rhionaeschna.
The name Aeshna was coined by the Danish entomologist Fabricius in the 18th century. The name may have resulted from a printer's error in spelling the Greek Aechma, "a spear".[2] The spelling Aeschna has been intermittently used over a period of time, but is now abandoned for the original name Aeshna. However, derived genus names (such as Rhionaeschna) retain the 'sch' spelling, as this is how they were first cited.
Species
Many species formerly included in Aeshna have been split into other genera, including Afroaeschna, Andaeschna, Pinheyschna, Rhionaeschna, and Zosteraeschna.[3]
The genus Aeshna includes these species:[3]
- Aeshna affinis Van der Linden, 1820Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – southern migrant hawker,[4] blue-eyed hawker[1]
- Aeshna annulata Fabricius, 1798Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Doubtful Species)
- Aeshna athalia Needham, 1930Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Aeshna caerulea (Ström, 1783)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – azure hawker[4]
- Aeshna canadensis Walker, 1908Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Canada darner[5]
- Aeshna clepsydra Say, 1839Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – mottled darner[5]
- Aeshna constricta Say, 1839Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – lance-tipped darner[5]
- Aeshna crenata Hagen, 1856Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Siberian hawker[1]
- Aeshna cyanea (Müller, 1764)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – blue hawker,[1] southern hawker[4]
- Aeshna eremita Scudder, 1866Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – lake darner[5]
- Aeshna frontalis Navás, 1936Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Aeshna grandis (Linnaeus, 1758)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – brown hawker[4]
- Aeshna interrupta Walker, 1908Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – variable darner[5]
- Aeshna isoceles (Muller, 1767)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Norfolk Hawker
- Aeshna juncea (Linnaeus, 1758)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – common hawker,[4] sedge darner,[5] moorland hawker[1]
- Aeshna mixta Latreille, 1805Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – migrant hawker[4]
- Aeshna palmata Hagen, 1856Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – paddle-tailed darner[5]
- Aeshna persephone Donnelly, 1961Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Persephone's darner[5]
- Aeshna petalura Martin, 1909Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Aeshna septentrionalis Burmeister, 1839Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – azure darner[5]
- Aeshna serrata Hagen, 1856Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Baltic hawker[1]
- Aeshna shennong Zhang & Cai, 2014Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Aeshna sitchensis Hagen, 1861Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – zigzag darner[5]
- Aeshna soneharai Asahina, 1988Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[6]
- Aeshna subarctica Walker, 1908Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – bog hawker,[1] subarctic darner[7]
- Aeshna tuberculifera Walker, 1908Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – black-tipped darner[5]
- Aeshna umbrosa Walker, 1908Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – shadow darner[5]
- Aeshna vercanica Schneider, Schneider, Schneider, Verstraete & Dumont, 2015Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Aeshna verticalis Hagen, 1861Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – green-striped darner[5]
- Aeshna viridis Eversmann, 1836Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – green hawker[1]
- Aeshna walkeri Kennedy, 1917Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Walker's darner[5]
- Aeshna williamsoniana Calvert, 1905Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Williamson's darner[8]
Fossil species
Note that many fossil species in the genus were named at a time when many extant species now included in other genera were included in Aeshna.[3] The list of valid fossil species is based on Nel et al. (2022), with species of uncertain validity noted:[9][10]
- †Aeshna andancensis Nel & Brisac, 1994Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Late Miocene (Turolian), France
- †Aeshna caseneuvensis Nel et al., 2022 – earliest Oligocene (Rupelian) of France
- †Aeshna cerdanica Nel & Martínez-Delclòs, 1994Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Late Miocene (Vallesian), Spain
- ?†Aeshna dido Hagen, 1863Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Aeshnidae incertae sedis) – Late Oligocene, Rott Formation, Germany
- †Aeshna forficatum Li et al., 2011 – Middle Miocene, Shanwang Formation, China[11]
- †Aeshna ghiandonii Gentilini & Peters, 1993Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Late Miocene (Messinian), Gessoso Formation, Italy
- ?†Aeshna heterofasciata Théobald, 1937Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Anisoptera incertae sedis) – Early Oligocene, Salt Formation, Germany
- †Aeshna ignivora Zhang, 1989 – Middle Miocene, Shanwang Formation, China[12]
- ?†Aeshna larvata Scudder, 1890Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Anisoptera incertae sedis) – Late Eocene (Priabonian), Florissant Formation, Colorado
- †Aeshna messiniana Gentilini & Peters, 1993Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Late Miocene (Messinian), Gessoso Formation, Italy
- †Aeshna multicellulata Gentilini & Peters, 1993Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Late Miocene (Messinian), Gessoso Formation, Italy
- †Aeshna oligocenica Nel, 1994Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – terminal Oligocene, Niveau du gypse d'Aix Formation, France
- †Aeshna ollivieri Nel, 1986Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Late Oligocene, Campagne-Calavon Formation, France
- ?†Aeshna paleocyanea Nel, 1987Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Aeshnidae incertae sedis) – Early Oligocene (Stampian), France
- †Aeshna shanwangensis Li et al., 2011 – Middle Miocene, Shanwang Formation, China[11]
- †Aeshna solida Scudder, 1890Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Late Eocene (Priabonian), Florissant Formation, Colorado
- †Aeshna stavropolensis Nel et al., 2005 – Middle Miocene of North Caucasus, Russia[13]
- ?†Aeshna theobaldi Piton, 1934Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Aeshnidae incertae sedis) – Early Pleistocene (Villafranchian), France
- ?†Aeshna tyche Heer, 1849Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Aeshnidae incertae sedis) – Late Miocene (Sarmatian), Upper Freshwater-Molasse Formation, Germany
- †Aeshna voesendorfensis Papp & Mandl, 1951Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Late Miocene (Messinian), Austria
- †Aeshna zlatkokvaceki Prokop et al., 2016 – Early Miocene of the Czech Republic[14]
References
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External links
- Aeshna, BugGuide
- Corbet, P. S. 1999. Dragonflies: Behavior and Ecology of Odonata. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, USA, 829pp.
- von Ellenrieder, N., 2003. A synopsis of the Neotropical species of 'Aeshna' Fabricius: the genus Rhionaeschna Förster (Odonata: Aeshnidae). - Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 146 (1): 67-207.