Adrianople vilayet

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "infobox".Template:Wikidata imageScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The Vilayet of Adrianople or Vilayet of Edirne (Template:Langx; Vilâyet-i Edirne)[1] was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire.

Prior to 1878, the vilayet had an area of Script error: No such module "convert".[2][3] and extended all the way to the Balkan Mountains. However, by virtue of the Treaty of Berlin (1878), the Sanjak of İslimye, most of the Sanjak of Filibe and a small part of the Sanjak of Edirne (the Kızılağaç kaza and Monastır nahiya) were carved out of it to create the autonomous province of Eastern Rumelia, with a total area of 32,978 km2.[4] The province unified peacefully with the Principality of Bulgaria in 1885.

The rest of the vilayet was split between Turkey and Greece in 1923, culminating in the formation of Western and Eastern Thrace after World War I as part of the Treaty of Lausanne. A smaller portion had already gone to Bulgaria by virtue of the Treaty of Bucharest (1913) following the Balkan wars. In the late 19th century, it bordered on the Istanbul Vilayet, the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara in the east, on the Salonica Vilayet in the west, on Eastern Rumelia (Bulgarian since 1885) in the north and on the Aegean Sea in the south. Sometimes the area is also described as Southern Thrace,[5] or Adrianopolitan Thrace.[6]

After the city of Adrianople (Edirne in Turkish; pop. in 1905 about 80,000), the principal towns were Rodosto (now Tekirdağ) (35,000), Gelibolu (25,000), Kırklareli (16,000), İskeçe (14,000), Çorlu (11,500), Dimetoka (10,000), Enez (8000), Gümülcine (8000) and Dedeağaç (3000).[7]

Administrative divisions

Sanjaks of the Vilayet:[8]

  1. Sanjak of Adrianople (now Edirne) (Adrianople, Cisr-i Mustafapaşa, Kırcaali, Dimetoka, Ortaköy, Cisr-i Ergene, Havsa. It had also kazas of Kırkkilise, Baba-yı Atik, Beykar Hisar, Maa Hatunili-Kızılağaç (Its centre was Kızılağaç) and Ferecik. Kızılağaç went to Yanbolu sanjak of Şarki Rumeli Vilayeti, Ferecik went initially to Gelibolu in 1876, later to Dedeağaç and was demoted to nahiya in 1878, Kırkkilise, Baba-yı Atik and Beykar Hisar went to recreated Kırkkilise sanjak in 1878. Beykar Hisar was demoted to nahiya in 1879)
  2. Sanjak of Kirklareli (Since 1878) (Kirkkilise) (Kırkkilise, Tırnovacık, Lüleburgaz, Vize, Ahtabolu, Midye, Baba-yı Atik. Most of Tırnovacık and Ahtabolu were ceded to Bulgaria in 1913. Saray separated from Vize and became kaza in 1916)
  3. Sanjak of Rodosto (now Tekirdağ) (Tekfurdagi) (Tekfurdağı, Çorlu, Malkara, Hayrabolu. It had also kazas Vize, Lüleburgaz and Midye till 1879, it was gone to recreated Kırkkilise sanjak)
  4. Sanjak of Gelibolu (Gelibolu, Maydos, Şarköy, Mürefte, Keşan. It had also Enez and Gümülcine kazas till 1878. Gümülcine promoted to sanjak in 1878. Enez went to Dedeağaç sanjak. Finally İpsala (promoted to kaza) and Enez returned to Gelibolu in 1913)
  5. Sanjak of Dedeağaç (1878-1912) (Dedeağaç, Sofulu, Enez)
  6. Sanjak of Gümülcine (1878-1912) (Gümülcine, İskeçe, Koşukavak, Ahiçelebi, Eğridere, Darıdere). The whole Sanjak was ceded to Bulgaria, with a small part to Greece in 1913.
  7. Sanjak of Filibe (Filibe, Pazarcık, Hasköy, Zağra-i Atik, Kızanlık, Çırpan, Sultanyeri, Ahiçelebi) (until 1878, then it became part of Eastern Rumelia, except for Sultanyeri and Ahiçelebi, which were seded back to the Ottoman Empire and eventually incorporated into the Sanjak of Gümülcine)
  8. Sanjak of Slimia (İslimye, Yanbolu, Misivri, Karinabat, Aydos, Zağra-i Cedid, Ahyolu, Burgaz) (until 1878, then became part of Eastern Rumelia)

Demographics

Template:Pie chart Total population of the Adrianople Vilayet by ethnoconfessional groups according to French orientalist Ubicini on the basis of the official Ottoman Census of the Vilayet in 1875:[9]

Ethnoconfessional Groups in the Adrianople Vilayet as per the 1875 Vilayet Census
Population Number Percentage
Muslims 603,110 37.83%
—Muslims 557,692 34.98%
—Muslim Romani 45,418 2.84%
Christians 974,644 61.14%
—Bulgar millet & Rum millet 937,054 58.78%
—Ermeni millet 16,194 1.02%
—Roman Catholics 12,144 0.76%
—Christian Romani 9,252 0.58%
Yahudi millet 16,432 1.03%
GRAND TOTAL 1,594,186 100%

Total population of the Adrianople Vilayet (including Eastern Rumelia) in 1878 according to the Turkish author Kemal Karpat:[10]

Group POPULATION
Bulgarians Template:Percent and number
Other Christians Template:Percent and number
Muslims Template:Percent and number
TOTAL Adrianople Vilayet Template:Percent and number

Population of various ethnoconfessonal communities in the Vilayet and its sanjaks according to the 1906/7 Ottoman census, in thousands, adjusted to round numbers.[11] The communities are counted according to the Millet System of the Ottoman Empire rather than by the mother tongue. Thus, some Bulgarian-speakers were included in the Greek Rum millet and counted as Greeks, while the Muslim millet included Turks and Pomaks (Bulgarian speaking Muslims). Template:Pie chart

Groups Edirne Gümülcine Kırklareli Dedeağac Tekirdağ Gelibolu Total
Muslims 154 240 78 44 77 26 619
Greeks 103 22 71 28 53 65 341
Bulgarians 57 29 30 29 6 1 162
Jews 16 1 2 – 3 2 24
Armenians 5 – - – 19 1 26
Others 2 - – - 1 - 2
Total 317 292 181 89 159 96 1,176

A publication from December 21, 1912, in the Belgian magazine Ons Volk Ontwaakt (Our Nation Awakes) estimated 1,006,500 inhabitants:[12]

Sanjak of Filibe

Male population of the Filibe Sanjak of the Adrianople Vilayet in 1876 according to the British R. J. Moore: [13] [14] Template:Pie chart

Turks Muslim Gypsies Christian Gypsies Bulgarians Greeks Armenians Jews KAZA TOTAL
Filibe kaza Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number
Tatar Pazardzhik kaza Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number
Hasköy kaza Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number
Zagora kaza Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number
Kazanlak kaza Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number
Chirpan kaza Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number
Sultan-Jeri kaza Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number
Akcselebi kaza Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number
TOTAL Filibe Sanjak Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number Template:Percent and number

Sanjak of İslimiye

Male population of İslimiye sanjak of Adrianople Vilayet in 1873 according to Ottoman almanacs: [15]

Community Population
Muslims 37,200 (47%)
Non-Muslims 46,961 (53%)
TOTAL Islimiye sanjak Template:Percent and number

Male population of İslimiye sanjak of Adrianople Vilayet in 1875 according to British R.J. Moore: [16]

Community Population
Muslims Template:Percent and number
Non-Muslims Template:Percent and number
TOTAL Islimiye sanjak Template:Percent and number

Sanjak of Gümülcine

Total population of the Sanjak of Gümülcine of the Adrianople Vilayet In the 19th century:[17]

Sanjak Muslims Christian Bulgarians Christian Greeks
Gümülcine 206.914 20.671 15.241

Gallery

References

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  1. ↑ Salname-yi Vilâyet-i Edirne ("Yearbook of the Vilayet of Edirne"), Edirne vilâyet matbaası, Edirne, 1300 [1882]; on the website of Hathi Trust Digital Library.
  2. ↑ Europe by Éliseé Reclus, page 152
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Migration, Memory, Heritage: Socio-cultural Approaches to the Bulgarian-turkish Border, Magdalena Elchinova, Valentina Ganeva-Raycheva, Lina Gergova, Stoyka Penkova, Natalia Rashkova, Nikolai Vukov, Meglena Zlatkova, Lina Gergova, Template:ISBN, p. 30.
  6. ↑ Europe and the Historical Legacies in the Balkans, Raymond Detrez, Barbara Segaert, Peter Lang, 2008, Template:ISBN, p. 58.
  7. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  8. ↑ Edirne Vilayeti | Tarih ve Medeniyet
  9. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  10. ↑ Karpat, K.H. (1985). Ottoman population, 1830-1914: demographic and social characteristics. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press
  11. ↑ Ottoman Population, 1830-1914: Demographic and Social Characteristics, Kemal H. Karpat, page 91, 1985
  12. ↑ Published on December 21, 1912, in the Belgian magazine Ons Volk Ontwaakt (Our Nation Awakes) – view the table of Vilajet Manastir: Skynet GodsdBalkan Script error: No such module "webarchive".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ More, R.J., Under the Balkans. Notes of a visit to the district of Philippopolis in 1876. London, 1877.
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Димитър Аркадиев. ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ В БРОЯ НА НАСЕЛЕНИЕТО ПО БЪЛГАРСКИТЕ ЗЕМИ В СЪСТАВА НА ОСМАНСКАТА ИМПЕРИЯ [1] National Statistical Institute
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

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Template:Subdivisions of the Ottoman Empire

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