Acaxee
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[[Category:Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters|Expression error: Unexpected < operatorAcaxee]] The Acaxee or AcaxeesTemplate:Refn were a tribe or group of tribes in the Sierra Madre Occidental in eastern Sinaloa and NW Durango. They spoke a Taracahitic language in the Southern Uto-Aztecan language family. Their culture was based on horticulture and the exploitation of wild animal and plant life. They no longer exist as an identifiable ethnic group.[1]
History
Before Spanish Colonization, the population of the Acaxee was roughly 20,000 organized into many smaller independent chiefdoms. They lived in very low-density farms with homes separated by up to half a kilometer.[2] Early accounts by Jesuit missionaries allege continual warfare and cannibalism among the Acaxee, Tepehuan, and Xixime who inhabited Nueva Vizcaya.[3]
The Spanish conquered Sinaloa from 1529 to 1531 which included conquering the Acaxee. They were devastated by Spanish introduced diseases and the encomienda system.[2] In December 1601, the Acaxees, under the direction of an elder named Perico, began an uprising against Spanish rule. This revolt was called the Acaxee Rebellion. And eventually ended in a defeat of the Acaxee.[3]
They are said to have been converted to the Catholic faith by the society of Jesuits in 1602.[3] Over the centuries of Spanish rule, the Acaxee were gradually assimilated into Mexican society, and while no longer a separate ethnic group, many in Sinaloa are descendants of the Acaxee.[2]
Culture
Ethnographer Ralph Beals reported in the early 1930s that the Acaxee played a ball game called "vatey [or] batey" on "a small plaza, very flat, with walls at the sides".[4]
Subdivisions
- Acaxee (proper)
- Sabaibo
- Tebaca
- Papudo
- Tecaya
See also
Notes
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"., accessed 1 Feb 2011
- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Kelley, J. Charles. "The Known Archaeological Ballcourts of Durange and Zacatecas, Mexico" in Vernon Scarborough, David R. Wilcox (Eds.): The Mesoamerican Ballgame. Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press. Template:ISBN, 1991, p. 98. Kelley quotes Beals: Beals, Ralph J. The Acaxe, A Mountain Tribe of Durango and Sinaloa (Iberoamerican 6) University of California Press, Berkeley: 1933.
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References
- Beals, Ralph L. 1933. The Acaxee: a Mountain Tribe of Durango and Sinaloa.
Further reading
- Deeds, Susan. Defiance and Deference in Mexico's Colonial North: Indians Under Spanish Rule in Nueva Vizcaya. (2003) University of Texas Press, Austin, TX. Template:ISBN