Abhogi
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox ragam Template:Carnatic Abhogi (Script error: No such module "lang".) is a raga in Carnatic music and has been adapted to Hindustani music.Template:Sfn It is a pentatonic scale, an audava raga.[1] It is a derived scale (janya raga), as it does not have all the seven swaras (musical notes). Ābhōgi has been borrowed from Carnatic music into Hindustani music and is also quite popular in the latter. In Hindustani music the raga has been classified under the Kafi thaat.[2][3]
Theory
The Carnatic raga Abhogi is a symmetric pentatonic scale that does not contain panchamam and nishadam. It is called an audava-audava raga,[2][3] as it has 5 notes in both ascending and descending scales. Its Script error: No such module "lang". structure is as follows:
- Script error: No such module "lang".: Template:SvaraC
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The notes used are shadjam, chathusruti rishabham, sadharana gandharam, shuddha madhyamam and chathusruthi dhaivatham. Ābhōgi is considered a janya raga of Kharaharapriya, the 22nd Melakarta raga, though it can be derived from Gourimanohari too, by dropping both panchamam and nishadam.
Graha bhedam
Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the shadjam to another note in the rāgam. Abhogi's notes, when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields another pentatonic rāgam, Valaji. For more details and illustration of this concept refer Graha bhedam on Ābhōgi.
According to P.Moutal, the raga Kalavati is a transposition of Abhogi.[4]
Scale similarities
- Sriranjani is a rāgam which has kaishiki nishadam in both ascending and descending scales in addition to the notes in Ābhōgi. Its Script error: No such module "lang". structure is Template:SvaraC : Template:SvaraC
- Jayamanohari is a rāgam which is like Abhogi in ascending scale and like Sriranjani is descending scale. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S R₂ G₂ M₁ D₂ Ṡ: Ṡ N₂ D₂ M₁ G₂ R₂ S
Notable compositions
Abhogi is a raga used for compositions in a medium to fast tempo. It has been used by many composers in classical music and film music. Notable traditional compositions in Abhogi include:
- Nannu Brova Nee Kinta Tāmasamā and Manasu Nilpa in Adi tala and Neelakantha Niranjana in Rupaka tala by ThyagarajaTemplate:Sfn
- Anugalavu Chinte, Maneyolagaado By Purandara Dasa
- Śri Lakṣhmi varāham by Muthuswami DikshitarTemplate:Sfn
- Sabhāpatikku veru daivam, in Rupaka tala by Gopalakrishna BharatiTemplate:Sfn
- Neekepudu in Khanḍa Tripuṭa tala by Mysore Sadashiva RaoTemplate:Sfn
- Evvari bodhana, a popular varnam by Patnam Subramania IyerScript error: No such module "Unsubst".
- Nekkurugi unnai and Thanjam Enrale(Varnam)" by Papanasam SivanScript error: No such module "Unsubst".
- Sri Mahaganapathe by N S Ramachandran[5]
- Manujudai Putti by AnnamacharyaScript error: No such module "Unsubst".
- Guru Padaravinda and Mahasaya Hrudaya by Oothukkadu Venkata Kavi
In Hindustani music
Template:Infobox raga The Carnatic raga was incorporated relatively recently into Hindustani classical music where it is known as Abhogi Kanada (Template:IAST3) or simply, Abhogi. The Kanada indicates its origin as a member of the Kanada group. Abhogi Kanada is assigned to the Kafi thaat.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
The Carnatic and Hindustani Abhogis have almost identical arohanas and avarohanas. However, one major differences is that the Carnatic raga uses the Kanada vakra (out of sequence) phrase Template:SvaraC in a straight manner.Template:Sfn
Theory
Pa and Ni are omitted. Also Re is often omitted in ascent. Flat Ga is often approached from Ma in ascent and has a slight oscillation to show the typical Kanada. In descent often the typical Kanada phrase Template:SvaraH is used.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
- Arohana (order of ascending notes in the scale): Template:SvaraHTemplate:Sfn
- Avarohana (order of descending notes in the scale): Template:SvaraH or Template:SvaraHTemplate:Sfn
- Vadi: Template:SvaraHScript error: No such module "Unsubst".
- Samavadi: Template:SvaraHScript error: No such module "Unsubst".
- Jeeva Swaras: Template:SvaraH and Template:SvaraHScript error: No such module "Unsubst".
- Pakad or Chalan: GMDS SDRSDMD_ D_SRGRS D_RSDM GMMDDSDRSD_M GMD_MGGRR_ GRSd Rd_S
- Samay (Time): Night, approximately 9PM-12AM.
- Thaat: Kafi
Related ragas: Bageshree. However, Bageshree also includes flat Ni and a limited use of Pa, which gives a different flavour.Template:Sfn
Compositions
Hindustani compositions of note in Abhogi Kanada include:Template:Sfn
- Par gaya chahai sab koi in Ektal by Raidas
- Jayati siri radhike in Jhaptal by Gadadhar Bhatt
- Ek barajori kare saiyya in Jhumratal
Important recordings
- Amir Khan, Ragas Bilaskhani Todi and Abhogi, His Master's Voice/AIR LP (long-playing record), EMI-ECLP2765
Film songs
In Tamil language
Language : Hindi
| Song | Movie | Composer | Singers |
|---|---|---|---|
| Na Jaiyo Re Sautan Ghar Sainya | Kaagaz Ki Nao | Sapan-Jagmohan | Asha Bhosle |
Language : Telugu
| Song | Movie | Composer | Singers |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nandanandana | Family star | Gopi Sundar | Sid Sriram |
| Aalapinchana Eevela [6] | Sri Rama Pattabhishekam | Pendyala (composer) | P. Susheela |
Language : Malayalam
| Song | Movie | Composer | Singers |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thozhukai kooppi unarum | Boeing Boeing | Raghukumar (composer) | K.J.Yesudas |
See also
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Notes
References
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications
- ↑ a b Raganidhi by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras
- ↑ P.Moutal, p. 462
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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Sources
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External links
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