Abdellah Guennoun

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Template:Short descriptionScript error: No such module "infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Check for clobbered parameters".Template:Wikidata image Script error: No such module "Sidebar". Abdellah Guennoun (Template:Langx ʻAbd Allāh Gannūn; 16 September 1908 – 9 July 1989) was an influential Moroccan writer, historian, essayist, poet, academic, administrator, journalist, and faqīh who was born in Fes and died in Tangier.[1][2] He was one of the leaders of the Nahda movement in Morocco, and served as the general secretary of the League of Moroccan Religious Scholars (Script error: No such module "Lang".).[3][4]

He is known for writing an-Nubūgh al-Maghribī fī al-adab al-ʻArabī (Script error: No such module "Lang"., Moroccan Intellect in Arabic Literature),[5] a three-volume anthology of Moroccan literature in Arabic[6] that was banned by the French Protectorate.[7][8]

Guennoun also served as a member of a number of linguistic, educational, and Islamic academies and organizations in places such as Rabat, Cairo, Damascus, Baghdad, and Amman.[9][10]

Early life

Abdallah Guennoun was born in Fes in 1908 to a family of noble Idrissid lineage long associated with knowledge.[11] His family moved from Fes to Tangier in 1914.[11]

He had a traditional Islamic education, memorizing the Quran and some Hadith.[11] With access to international books in Tangier, he also taught himself Spanish and French.[11]

Career

Guennoun began his writing career early; he published in the newspaper Idhar al-Haqq (Script error: No such module "Lang".) in 1927 when he was 20 years old.[12] He also wrote for publications such as the Egyptian literary magazine Arrissalah.[11][13][14][15][16][17]

He became active and influential in the flourishing intellectual and cultural scene in Tetuan, and he published many of his works there.[12] As part of this intellectual circle in Tetuan, he was involved in the first nationalist publication in Morocco, as-Salaam, which published its first issue October 1933.[18][12]

Guennoun was well-connected, associated with Said Hajji in the French area, Mohammed Daoud in the Spanish area, and Shakib Arslan in the Mashriq.[12] Guennoun became involved with the Moroccan Action Committee in 1934.[9]

He opened the first of the Moroccan free schools in Tangier, the Free Abdallah Guennoun School (Script error: No such module "Lang".), and worked as a teacher in 1936.[11]

He was the editor in-chief of a monthly Islamic publication called Lisaan ad-Din (Script error: No such module "Lang".) in the 1940s and published a number of articles.[11][19][10] He also served as the general secretary of al-Mithaq, a journal put out by the faculty of al-Qarawiyyin University.[11][19]

He refused the support Mohammed Ben Aarafa, the puppet monarch chosen by France to replace Muhammad V, whom France had exiled.[9]

Guennoun was, among other members of the Mococcan Nationalist Movement (Script error: No such module "Lang".) including Allal al-Fassi, Abdelkhalek Torres, Abdallah Ibrahim, a member of a generation of Moroccan intellectuals brought together the political and the cultural, and who criticized the reform movement in the country, arguing that there can be "no reform without independence."[12]

File:Habib Burguiba, Abdallah Guennun y Allal El Fasi presidiendo un banquete en la ciudad de Tánger en abril de 1957.jpg
Guennoun (standing) during a banquet in Tangier, April 1957, next to Habib Bourguiba (with bow tie) and Allal al-Fassi (with fez)

Abdellah Guennoun taught Template:Interlanguage link and later assisted him in the creation of Template:Interlanguage link (Script error: No such module "Lang"., "Read"), the first series of Arabic textbooks for children in Morocco, published in 1956, 1957, and 1958.[20][21]

an-Nubūgh al-Maghribī

In 1937, he published an-Nubūgh al-Maghribī fī al-adab al-ʻArabī (Script error: No such module "Lang"., Moroccan Intellect in Arabic Literature), his three-volume anthology of Moroccan literature.[22][8] This anthology indexed and contextualized major Moroccan works of literature written in Arabic, and led to the development of a Moroccan literary canon.[5] Affirming both Morocco's contributions to Arabic literature and the long tradition of Arabic literature in Morocco, an-Nubūgh al-Maghribī was seen as a nationalist reaction to colonialism.[5] It was banned by the authorities of the French Protectorate, and could not be brought into the area under French colonial control, nor could it be sold, displayed, or distributed there.[7][8] Spain, however, was receptive of the work; an-Nubūgh al-Maghribī was translated into Spanish and Abdallah Guennoun was granted an honorary doctorate from a university in Madrid.[23]

He held a number of different positions. In 1937, he was made director of the Khalifi Institute (Script error: No such module "Lang".),[10][24] then professor at the High Institute of Religion (Template:Langx) and the College of Theology in Tetuan (Script error: No such module "Lang".).[24] He held the office of Minister of Justice in the Khalifi government from 1954 to 1956.[10]

He became a member of the Arab Academy of Damascus in 1956, the Academy of the Arabic Language in Cairo in 1961, the League of Moroccan Religious Scholars, the al-Quds Scientific Commission (Script error: No such module "Lang".) in 1973, the Muslim World League in Mecca as a founding member in 1974, the Jordan Academy of Arabic in 1978, the Iraqi Academy of Sciences in 1979, and the Academy of the Kingdom of Morocco in 1980.[10]

In 1981, he founded al-Ihyaa' (Script error: No such module "Lang". The Revival), a journal published by the Association of Moroccan Academics focusing on Islamic theological sciences and thought from an open, critical perspective.[25]

Death

Abdallah Guennoun died on 9 July 1989, aged 80, in Tangier.[9]

Notable works

Abdallah Guennoun's works include poetry, literary fiction, and history. Some of his most notable works include:

  • an-Nubūgh al-Maghribī fī al-adab al-ʻArabī (Script error: No such module "Lang"., Moroccan Intellect in Arabic Literature), 1st ed. al-Matba'a al-Mehdia. 1937; 2nd ed. Dar al-Kitab al-Lubnani. 1961; 1st ed. Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah. 2014.
  • Umarāʼunā al-Shuʻarāʼ (Script error: No such module "Lang". Our Poet Princes). 1941.
  • al-Qudwat ul-Samiya lil-Nashi'at il-Islamiya (Script error: No such module "Lang".). 1945
  • Wahat al-Fikr (Script error: No such module "Lang". The Oasis of Thought). 1948.
  • Dīwān Malik Gharnaṭah Yusuf al-Thalith (Script error: No such module "Lang". The Poetry of Yusuf III, King of Granada). 1958.
  • Aḥādīth ʻan al-Adab al-Maghribī al-Ḥadīth (Script error: No such module "Lang". On Modern Moroccan Literature). 1964.
  • Mafāhīm Islāmīyah (Script error: No such module "Lang". Islamic Concepts). 1964.
  • al-Muntakhab min Shiʻr Ibn Zākūr (Script error: No such module "Lang". A Selection of the Poetry of Ibn Zakur). 1966.
  • Luqmān al-Ḥakīm (Script error: No such module "Lang". Luqman the Wise). 1969.
  • Adab al-Fuqahāʼ (Script error: No such module "Lang". Literature of the Theologians). 1970.
  • Naẓrah fī Munjid al-Adab wa-al-ʻUlum (Script error: No such module "Lang".). 1972.
  • al-Taʻāshīb (Script error: No such module "Lang".). 1975.
  • Dhikrayāt Mashāhīr Rijāl al-Maghrib (Script error: No such module "Lang".). 2010.

Legacy

Abdellah Guennoun's personal library, which he donated in 1985 to the City of Tangier, has been housed since his death in the former building of the Moroccan Debt Administration.[26]

Notes

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  1. ↑ Literatura Marroqui [1] (retrieved 13 February 2009)
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ هيسبريس: ذاكرة العلامة عبد الله كنون تؤسس لذاكرة مغربية حقيقية تاريخ الوصول: 14 فبراير 2010]] Template:Webarchive
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ a b c d e f g h Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Cbignore
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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References

  • Memoirs of important Men of Morocco: Ibn Battuta, Rabat:Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation, 1996
  • Dhikrayat Mashahir Rijal al-Maghrib: Ahmad Zarruq, 1954
  • Mohammed Tozy, Zakya Daoud, Abdallah Guennoun ou le dernier des Lettrés. LAMALIF (188), 1987:05, 13-16
  • Rom Landau, Portrait of Tangier, ed. Hale, 1952, chapter 30: "Guennoun"
  • CHAYBI, Ahmed. Al-Dirâsa al `adabiyya fî al-Magrib: Al-ustâdh `Abd`allâh Kanűn numudhadj, Tánger: Madrasa al-Malik Fahd al-Uliyâ li-l-Tardjuma, 1991.
  • HABABI, Fatima al-Djamiya al. Abd allâh Kanűn, Mohammedia: Mat:ba`a Fadhâla, 1991.
  • HABABI, Fatima al-Djamiya al. Abd allâh Kanűn, Casablanca: Mu`asasas Űnâ, 1997.

External links

  • Afrique info (in French) [2] Template:Webarchive (retrieved Feb. 13, 2009)
  • Tangier.free.fr (in French) [3] (retrieved Feb. 13, 2009)

Template:Authority control

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