Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia

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Template:Short description Template:EngvarB Script error: No such module "Unsubst". The Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia (TAC) is a peace treaty among Southeast Asian countries established by the founding members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), a geo-political and economic organisation of 10 countries located in Southeast Asia.

History

On 24 February 1976, the treaty was signed into force by the leaders of the original members of ASEAN.[1] Other members acceded to it upon or before joining the bloc. It was amended on 15 December 1987 by a protocol to open the document for accession by states outside Southeast Asia,[2] and again on 25 July 1998, to condition such accession on the consent of all member states.[3] On 23 July 2001, the parties established the rules of procedure of the treaty's High Council, which was stipulated in Article 14 of the document.[4] On 7 October 2003, during the annual summit, a declaration was released that says:[5]

"A High Council of [the treaty] shall be the important component in the ASEAN Security Community since it reflects ASEAN's commitment to resolve all differences, disputes and conflicts peacefully."

Papua New Guinea was the first country outside ASEAN to sign the treaty in 1989. since July 2009Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., sixteen countries outside the bloc have acceded to the treaty. On 22 July 2009, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton signed the TAC on behalf of the United States.[6] The European Union announced in 2009 its intention to accede as soon as the treaty would be amended to allow for the accession of non-states[7][8][9] and joined accordingly on 12 July 2012.[10]

The treaty has been endorsed by the General Assembly stating that:[11]

"The purposes and principles of the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia and its provisions for the pacific settlement of regional disputes and for regional co-operation to achieve peace, amity and friendship among the peoples of Southeast Asia [are] in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations."

Principles

The purpose of the Treaty is to promote perpetual peace, everlasting amity and co-operation among the people of Southeast Asia which would contribute to their strength, solidarity, and closer relationship. In their relations with one another, the High Contracting Parties shall be guided by the following fundamental principles;[12]

a. mutual respect for the independence, sovereignty, equality, territorial integrity and national identity of all nations,
b. the right of every State to lead its national existence free from external interference, subversion or coercion,
c. non-interference in the internal affairs of one another,
d. settlement of differences or disputes by peaceful means,
e. renunciation of the threat or use of force, and
f. effective co-operation among themselves.

Parties

The following table lists the parties in the order of the dates on which they entered into the treaty:

File:Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia.svg
No Country Date
1 Script error: No such module "flag". 24 February 1976
2 Script error: No such module "flag".
3 Script error: No such module "flag".
4 Script error: No such module "flag".
5 Script error: No such module "flag".
6 Script error: No such module "flag". 7 January 1984[13]
7 Script error: No such module "flag". 6 July 1989[14]
8 Script error: No such module "flag". 29 June 1992[15]
9 Script error: No such module "flag". 22 July 1992[16]
10 Script error: No such module "flag". 23 January 1995[17]
11 Script error: No such module "flag". 27 July 1995[18]
12 Script error: No such module "flag". 8 October 2003[19][20]
13 Script error: No such module "flag".
14 Script error: No such module "flag". 2 July 2004[21][22]
15 Script error: No such module "flag".
16 Script error: No such module "flag". 27 November 2004[23]
17 Script error: No such module "flag". 29 November 2004[24]
18 Script error: No such module "flag". 25 July 2005[25]
19 Script error: No such module "flag". 28 July 2005[26]
20 Script error: No such module "flag". 10 December 2005[27]
21 Script error: No such module "flag". 20 July 2006[28]
22 Script error: No such module "flag". 13 January 2007[29]
23 Script error: No such module "flag". 1 August 2007[30][31]
24 Script error: No such module "flag".
25 Script error: No such module "flag". 24 July 2008[32]
26 Script error: No such module "flag". 23 July 2009[33]
27 Script error: No such module "flag". 23 July 2010[34][35]
28 Script error: No such module "flag".
29 Script error: No such module "flag". 12 July 2012[10][36][37]
30 Script error: No such module "flag".
31 Script error: No such module "flag". 17 November 2012[38]
32 Script error: No such module "flag". 1 July 2013[39]
33 Script error: No such module "flag". 6 September 2016[40]
34 Script error: No such module "flag".
35 Script error: No such module "flag".
36 Script error: No such module "flag". 1 August 2018[41][42]
37 Script error: No such module "flag".
38 Script error: No such module "flag". 31 July 2019[43]
39 Script error: No such module "flag". 2 November 2019[44]
40 Script error: No such module "flag".
41 Script error: No such module "flag". 10 November 2020[45]
42 Script error: No such module "flag".
43 Script error: No such module "flag".
44 Script error: No such module "flag". 3 August 2022[46]
45 Script error: No such module "flag".
46 Script error: No such module "flag".
47 Script error: No such module "flag".
48 Script error: No such module "flag".
49 Script error: No such module "flag".
50 Script error: No such module "flag". 10 November 2022[47]
51 Script error: No such module "flag". 12 July 2023[48]
52 Script error: No such module "flag". 4 September 2023[49]
53 Script error: No such module "flag".
54 Script error: No such module "flag".
55 Script error: No such module "flag". 10 October 2024[50]

Even though Spain was recognized as a member of the treaty on 10 November 2022,[51] they have yet to ratify their accession. Secretary of state at Cambodia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs Kung Phoak stated that Spain's efforts to join the treaty are moving slowly.[52]

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".,
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Forty-seventh session of the General Assembly A/C.1/47/L.24 30 October 1992 Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  14. ↑ The Straits Times, "PNG is first 'outsider' to accede to Bali treaty," Singapore, 8 July 1989.
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". However, a United Nations document Template:Webarchive states that Laos acceded to the treaty on the same day as Vietnam, 22 July 1992. The reason for the discrepancy is not apparent.
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". The instrument of accession was deposited half a year after it was signed.
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

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