Names of God in Islam
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Template:Allah Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Names of God in Islam (Template:Langx) are the names that each contain attributes of God in Islam,[1][2][3][4][5][6] implied by the respective properties.[7] Some names are known from only from the Quran or hadith, while others can be found in both sources, although most are found in the Quran.[8]
Allāh is the Arabic word referring to God in Abrahamic religions,[9][10][11] thought to be derived by contraction from al-ʾilāh, which means "the god",[12] (i.e., the only god, reflecting Tawhid) and is related to El and Elah, the Hebrew and Aramaic words for God.[13][14] Whether or not Allah can be considered as the personal name of God became disputed in contemporary scholarship.[15] In Islamic usage and indoctrination, Allah was the God's most unique, proper name,[16] and referred to as Lafẓ al-Jalālah (The Word of Majesty). Those who claimed that Allah was the personal name of God also denied that this name was a derivative name. Some Muslims may use different names as much as Allah, for instance Rabb, Ar-Rahman, or "God" in English. The Quran refers to the attributes of God as "most beautiful names".[17][18]<templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" />
They are traditionally enumerated as 99 in number to which is added as the highest Name (al-ism al-ʾaʿẓam), the Supreme Name of God. The locus classicus for listing the Divine Names in the literature of Qurʾānic commentary is 17:110 "Call upon Allah, or call upon The Merciful; whichsoever you call upon, to Allah belong the most beautiful Names," and also 59:22-24, which includes a cluster of more than a dozen Divine epithets."
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". These names usually denote his praise, gratitude, commendation, glorification, magnification, perfect attributes, majestic qualities, and acts of wisdom, mercy, benefit, and justice from Allah, as believed by Muslims. These names are commonly called upon by Muslims during prayers, supplications, and remembrance, as they hold significant spiritual and theological importance, serving as a means for Muslims to connect with God. Beside these Arabic names, Muslims of non-Arab origins may also sometimes use other names in their own languages to refer to God, such as Khuda in Persian, Bengali and Urdu. Script error: No such module "Lang". or Tengri was used in the Ottoman Turkish language as the equivalent of Allah.[20]
In Sufis, often characterised as the inner, mystical dimension of Islam, Hu / Template:Tlit means just 'He', or Parvardigar in Persian are used as names of God. Template:Tlit derives from the last letter of the word Allah, which is read as Template:Tlit when in the middle of a sentence and appears in many verses as in; "La ilaha illa Hu" Al Imran:18. According to the Wahdat al-wujūd interpretetion, the universe was a manifestation of God's -the absolute being- names, and was manifestations or notions with no real existence. Haydar Amuli refused to make any distinction on this matter, arguing that evil beings like Satan were also manifestations of God's imperial names.[21]
Interactions and translation
Some of the names attributed to God in Islamic culture are names that create problems in transition from a personal god[22] to a universal and transcendent god in understanding;Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". ٱلْعَظِيمُ (al-ʿAẓīm) lit means "He was, or became, great in his bone, then metaphorically said of anything كَبِير [or great]".[23] The reflections of the efforts to give a transcendent understanding when translating these names into other languages can also be seen in examples such as al-Mutakabbir (The Proud Oneself)[24], al-Jalīl (The Angry), al-Muntaqim (The Avenger) and at-Tawwāb (The Returner) (see also: Eisegesis).
Islamic theology rejects definitions and expressions that imply a comparison between God and His creations, because He cannot be likened to His creations in any of His attributes. However, it is observed that many of these names are translated as "the most..." in a comparative mode, as in the expression Script error: No such module "lang". (Template:Langx Script error: No such module "IPA"., Template:Lit), which is also used as an Islamic slogan. In Islamic theology the concept of shirk refers to the rejection of any partnership in God's will and actions, and encompasses understandings that liken His attributes to those of created beings, and view them as limited.
In the Quran, names of angels like Gabriel and Michael etc. are linked to El (or Il), as in other Abrahamic religions. The phrase "Allāhumma," used at the beginning of prayers in Islam, should be the Arabic pronunciation of the Hebrew word "Elohim."[25] Elohim is a plural word (singular El) used for exaltation, like the Hebrew expression "Your Majesty!"
Although the holy book and prophets in the Quran frequently connect themselves to Jehovah, the name Yahweh/Jehovah is unknown in Islam. The word "Rabb" (Lord, Master), which is used in place of Yahweh in Judaism, is also frequently used for Allah in the Quran.
The silence surrounding the name Yahweh in Judaism for several thousand years is thought to be connected to the Ten Commandments, "You shall not take the name of your God Yahweh in vain, for Yahweh will not leave it without punishment."[26]
List of names
Different sources give different lists of the 99 names. The most commonly known list is based on the one found in the Jamiʿ at-Tirmidhi (9th century) that was narrated by al-Walid ibn Muslim, which is the most commonly known.[27] However, al-Tirmidhi comments on his list: "This (version of the) hadith is gharib [unusual]; it has been narrated from various routes on the authority of Abu Hurayrah, but we do not know of the mention of the Names in the numerous narrations, except this one." Other hadiths, such as those of al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Ibn Majah, al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi or Ibn ʿAsākir, have variant lists. Various early Muslim exegetes, including Jaʿfar al-Sadiq, Sufyan ibn `Uyaynah, Ibn Hazm, al-Qurtubi, and Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, have given their own versions of lists of 99 names.
al-Tirmidhi's list
| Pronunciation | Classical Arabic
(Quranic/ classical written forms)[28] |
Romanization | Translation | Quranic Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". |
اَلرَّحْمَـٰنِ | ar-Raḥmān | Merciful/[29] The Beneficent/ All-Compassionate/ Gracious/ | Quran: 113 times paired with ar-Rahīm at beginning of Surahs (chapters), and 55 additional places mostly by itself/ unpaired. |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | اَلرَّحِيْمُ | ar-Raḥīm | The Merciful / Merciful / Clement.[29] | Quran: 113 times paired with ar-Rahmān at beginning of Surahs (chapters), and 115 additional places often paired with al-Ghafūr, at-Tawwāb, ar-Raʾūf |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | اَلْمَلِكُ | al-Malik | The King/ Sovereign/ Dominion/ Possessor (of the Throne of God).[30] | [Quran 59:23], 59:23, 20:114, 23:116 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | اَلْقُدُّوسُ | al-Quddūs | The Holy/ All-Holy/ All-Pure/ Sacred/ All-Sacred | [Quran 62:1] |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلسَّلَامُ | as-Salām | Peace/ Calm/ Ever-Tranquil | [Quran 59:23] |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْمُؤْمِنُ | al-Muʾmin | The Granter of Security/ the Giver / Believer / All-Assurer | [Quran 59:23] |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْمُهَيْمِنُ | al-Muhaymin | The Controller/ Absolute Authority Over All/ Guardian Over All/ Absolute Master/ Eternal Dominating | [Quran 59:23] |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْعَزِيزُ | al-ʿAzīz | The Exalted in Might and Power/ Exalted/ Powerful/ Almighty/ Mighty | [Quran 4:158],[Quran 9:40], [Quran 48:7], [Quran 59:23]... often paired as al-Aziz al-Hakim, 2:1293:6,3:18,3:62, 5:11814:4
57:1,59:160:5,61:1, 62:3, and al-Aziz al-Rahim,26:9,30:5,32:6,44:42 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْجَبَّارُ | al-Jabbār | The Omnipotent/ Supreme Power/ Possessor of Having All Power/ Strong | [Quran 59:23] |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْمُتَكَبِّرُ | al-Mutakabbir | Supreme / Justly Proud by himself[31] | [Quran 59:23] |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْخَالِقُ | al-Khāliq | The Creator/ Creator of the Universe/ Maker/ True Originator/ Absolute Author | [Quran 6:102], [Quran 13:16], [Quran 36:81], [Quran 40:62], [Quran 59:24] |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْبَارِئُ | al-Bāriʾ | The Initiator/ Evolver/ Eternal Spirit Worshipped By All, Have Absolute Power Over All Matters, Nature and Events | [Quran 59:24] |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْمُصَوِّرُ | al-Muṣawwir | The Fashioner/ Shaper/ Designer/ Artist | [Quran 59:24] |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْغَفَّارُ | al-Ghaffār | The Repeatedly Forgiving/ Absolute Forgiver/ Pardoner/ Condoner
[He Who is Ready to Pardon and Forgive] |
[Quran 38:66], [Quran 39:5], [Quran 40:42], [Quran 71:10] |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْقَهَّارُ | al-Qahhār | The Subduer/ Overcomer/ Conqueror/ Absolute Vanquisher
[Possessor of Who Subdues Evil and Oppression] |
12:39, 13:16, 14:48, 38:65, 39:4, 40:16 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْوَهَّابُ | al-Wahhāb | The Absolute Bestower/ Giver/ Grantor/ Great Donor | 38:9, 38:35 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلرَّزَّاقُ | ar-Razzāq | The Provider/ Sustainer/ Bestower of Sustenance/ All-Provider | 51:58 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْفَتَّاحُ | al-Fattāḥ | The Opener/ Opener of the Gates of Profits/ Reliever/ The Victory Giver | 34:26 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْعَلِيمُ | al-ʿAlīm | The Knowing/ All-Knower/ Omniscient/ All-Knowledgeable/ Possessor of Knowing Much of Ever Thing/ All-Knowing | 2:158, 3:92, 4:35, 24:41, 33:40 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْقَابِضُ | al-Qābiḍ | The Restrainer/ Withholder/ Straightener/ Absolute Seizer | 2:245 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْبَاسِطُ | al-Bāsiṭ | The Extender/ Expander/ Generous Provider | 2:245 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْخَافِضُ | al-Khāfiḍ | The Abaser/ Humiliator/ Downgrader [Possessor of Giving Comfort, Free from Pain Anxiety or Troubles] | 56:3; al-Kafʿamī (1992:38) |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلرَّافِعُ | ar-Rāfiʿ | The Exalter/ Upgrader [of Ranks] | 58:11, 6:83 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْمُعِزُّ | al-Muʿizz | The Giver of Honor/ Bestower of Honor/ Empowerer | 3:26 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْمُذِلُّ | al-Muḏill | The Giver of Dishonor/ the Giver of Disgrace | 3:26 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلسَّمِيعُ | as-Samīʿ | The Hearing/ All-Hearing/ Hearer of Invocation | 2:127, 2:256, 8:17, 49:1 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْبَصِيرُ | al-Baṣīr | The All-Seeing/ All-Seer/ Ever-Clairvoyant/ Clear-Sighted/ Clear-Seeing | 4:58, 17:1, 42:11, 42:27 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْحَكَمُ | al-Ḥakam | The Judge/ Arbitrator/ Arbiter/ All-Decree/ Possessor of Authority of Decisions and Judgment | 22:69 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْعَدْلُ | al-ʿAdl | The Just/ Authorized and Straightforward Judge of Dealing Justly | 6:115 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱللَّطِيفُ | al-Laṭīf | The Gentle/ Benignant/ Subtly Kind/ All-Subtle | 22:63, 31:16, 33:34 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْخَبِيرُ | al-Khabīr | The All-Aware/ Well-Acquainted/ Ever-Adept | 6:18, 17:30, 49:13, 59:18 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْحَلِيمُ | al-Ḥalīm | The Forbearing/ Indulgent/ Oft Forbearing/ All-Enduring | 2:235, 17:44, 22:59, 35:41 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْعَظِيمُ | al-ʿAẓīm | The Most Great/ Ever-Magnificent/ Most Supreme/ Exalted/ Absolute Dignified | 2:255, 42:4, 56:96 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْغَفُورُ | al-Ghafūr | The Ever-Forgiving/ Oft-Forgiving | 2:173, 8:69, 16:110, 41:32 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلشَّكُورُ | ash-Shakūr | The Grateful/ Appreciative/ Multiplier of Rewards | 35:30, 35:34, 42:23, 64:17 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْعَلِيُّ | al-ʿAliyy | The Sublime/ Ever-Exalted/ Supreme/ Most High/ Most Lofty | 4:34, 31:30, 42:4, 42:51 34:23 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْكَبِيرُ | al-Kabīr | The Great/ Ever-Great/ Grand/ Most Great/ Greatly Abundant of Extent, Capacity and Importance | 13:9, 22:62, 31:30, 34:23 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْحَفِيظُ | al-Ḥafīz | The Preserver/ Ever-Preserving/ All-Watching/ Protector/ Guardian/ Oft-Conservator | 11:57, 34:21, 42:6 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْمُقِيتُ | al-Muqīt | The Nourisher/ Feeder | 4:85 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْحَسِيبُ | al-Ḥasīb | The Bringer of Judgment/ Ever-Reckoner [the One Who Takes Account of All Matters] | 4:6, 4:86, 33:39 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْجَلِيلُ | al-Jalīl | The Majestic/ Exalted/ Oft-Important/ Splendid | 55:27, 7:143 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْكَرِيمُ | al-Karīm | The Noble/ Bountiful/ Generous/ Precious/ Honored/ Benefactor | 27:40, 82:6 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلرَّقِيبُ | ar-Raqīb | The Watchful/ Observer/ Ever-Watchful/ Watcher | 4:1, 5:117 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْمُجِيبُ | al-Mujīb | The Responsive/ Answerer/ Supreme Answerer/ Accepter of Invocation | 11:61 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْوَاسِعُ | al-Wāsiʿ | The Vast/ All-Embracing/ Omnipresent/ Boundless/ All-Encompassing | 2:268, 3:73, 5:54 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْحَكِيمُ | al-Ḥakīm | The Wise/ Ever-Wise/ Endowed with Sound Judgment | 97 times, often paired, mostly al-Aziz al-Hakim, 2:129,3:6,3:18,3:625:11814:431:27,46:2, 57:1,59:1, 60:5, 61:1, 62:3, and al-Aleem al-Hakim,12:6, 22:52, 48:4, 49:8, 60:10, 66:2 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْوَدُودُ | al-Wadūd | The Affectionate/ Ever-Affectionate/ Loving One/ Loving/ the Lover/ the One Who Tenders and Warm Hearts | 11:90, 85:14 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْمَجِيدُ | al-Majīd | The All-Glorious/ Majestic/ Ever-Illustrious
[Oft-Brilliant in Dignity, Achievements or Actions] |
11:73 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْبَاعِثُ | al-Bāʿiṯ | The Resurrector/ Awakener/ Arouser/ Dispatcher | 22:7 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلشَّهِيدُ | ash-Shahīd | The Witness/ Testifier/ Ever-Witnessing | 4:166, 22:17, 41:53, 48:28 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْحَقُّ | al-Ḥaqq | The Truth/ Reality/ the Only One Certainly Sound and Genuine in Truth | 6:62, 22:6, 23:116, 24:25 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْوَكِيلُ | al-Wakīl | The Trustee, The Dependable, The Advocate | 3:173, 4:171, 28:28, 73:9 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْقَوِيُّ | al-Qawiyy | The Strong | 22:40, 22:74, 42:19, 57:25 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْمَتِينُ | al-Matīn | The Firm, The Steadfast | 51:58 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْوَلِيُّ | al-Waliyy | The Friend, Helper | 4:45, 7:196, 42:28, 45:19 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْحَمِيدُ | al-Ḥamīd | The All Praiseworthy | 14:8, 31:12, 31:26, 41:42 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْمُحْصِىُ | al-Muḥsīy | The Accounter, The Numberer of All | 72:28, 78:29 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْمُبْدِئُ | al-Mubdiʾ | The Originator, The Producer, The Initiator | 10:34, 27:64, 29:19, 85:13 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْمُعِيدُ | al-Muʿīd | The Restorer, The Reinstater Who Brings Back All | 10:34, 27:64, 29:19, 85:13 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْمُحْيِي | al-Muḥyē | The Giver of Life | 7:158, 15:23, 30:50, 57:2 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْمُمِيتُ | al-Mumīt | The Bringer of Death | 3:156, 7:158, 15:23, 57:2 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْحَىُّ | al-Ḥayy | The Living | 2:255, 3:2, 20:111, 25:58, 40:65 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْقَيُّومُ | al-Qayyūm | The Subsisting, The Independent | 2:255, 3:2, 20:111 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْوَاجِدُ | al-Wājid | The Perceiver, The Finder, The Unfailing | 38:44 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْمَاجِدُ | al-Mājid | The Illustrious, The Magnificent, The Glorious | 85:15, 11:73; al-Kafʿamī (1992:48) |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْوَاحِدُ | al-Wāḥid | The Unique, The Single | 13:16, 14:48, 38:65, 39:4 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْأَحَدُ | al-ʾAḥad | The One, The Indivisible | 112:1 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلصَّمَدُ | aṣ-Ṣamad | The Eternal, The Absolute, The Self-Sufficient | 112:2 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْقَادِرُ | al-Qādir | The All-Powerful, He Who is able to do Everything | 6:65, 46:33, 75:40 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْمُقْتَدِرُ | al-Muqtadir | The Determiner, The Dominant | 18:45, 54:42, 6:65 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْمُقَدِّمُ | al-Muqaddim | The Expediter, He Who Brings Forward | 16:61 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْمُؤَخِّرُ | al-Muʾakhkhir | The Delayer, He Who Puts Far Away | 71:4 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْأَوَّلُ | al-ʾAwwal | The First, The Beginning-less | 57:3 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | اَلْآخِرُ | al-ʾĀkhir | The Last, The Endless | 57:3 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلظَّاهِرُ | aẓ-Ẓāhir | The Manifest, The Evident, The Outer | 57:3 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْبَاطِنُ | al-Bāṭin | The Hidden, The Unmanifest, The Inner | 57:3 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْوَالِي | al-Wāliy | The Patron, The Protecting Friend, The Friendly Lord | 13:11 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْمُتَعَالِي | al-Mutʿāliy | The Supremely Exalted, The Most High | 13:9 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْبَرُّ | al-Barr | The Good, The Beneficent | 52:28 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلتَّوَّابُ | at-Tawwāb | The Ever-Returning, Ever-Relenting | 2:128, 4:64, 49:12, 110:3 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْمُنْتَقِمُ | al-Muntaqim | The Avenger | 32:22, 43:41, 44:16 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | اَلْعَفُوُّ | al-ʿAfuww | The Pardoner, The Effacer, The Forgiver | 4:43, 4:99, 4:149, 22:60, 58:2 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | اَلرَّؤُوفُ | ar-Raʾūf | The Kind, The Pitying | 9:117, 57:9, 59:10 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | مَـٰلِكُ ٱلْمُلْكِ | Mālik-ul-mulk | The Owner of all Sovereignty | 3:26 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ذُو ٱلْجَلَالِ وَٱلْإِكْرَامُ | Ḏū l-Jalāli wa l-ʾIkrām | The Owner, Lord of Majesty and Honour | 55:27, 55:78 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | اَلْمُقْسِطُ | al-Muqsiṭ | The Equitable, The Requiter | 3:18,5:42,57:25,5:42 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | اَلْجَامِعُ | al-Jāmiʿ | The Gatherer, The Unifier | 3:9 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | ٱلْغَنيُّ | al-Ghāniyy | The Rich, The Independent | 39:7, 47:38, 57:24 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | اَلْمُغْنِيُّ | al-Mughniyy | The Enricher, The Emancipator | 9:28 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | اَلْمَانِعُ | al-Māniʿ | The Preventer, The Withholder, The Shielder, The Defender | See al-Kafʿamī (1992:61) |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | اَلضَّارُ | aḍ-Ḍār | The Distressor, The Harmer, The Afflictor | 6:1758:10; al-Kafʿamī (1992:58) |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | اَلنَّافِعُ | an-Nāfiʿ | The Propitious, The Benefactor, The Source of Good | 30:37 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | اَلنُّورُ | an-Nūr | The Light | 24:35 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | اَلْهَادِي | al-Hādī | The Guide, The Way | 22:54 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | اَلْبَدِيعُ | al-Badīʿ | The Originator, The Incomparable, The Unattainable, The Beautiful | 2:117, 6:101 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | اَلْبَاقِي | al-Bāqī | The Immutable, The Infinite, The Everlasting | 55:27; al-Kafʿamī (1992:64) |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | اَلْوَارِثُ | al-Wāriṯ | The Heir, The Inheritor of All | 15:23, 57:10 |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | اَلرَّشِيدُ | ar-Rashīd | The Guide to the Right Path | 11:87 (Used Not referring to Allah) |
| Template:ErrorScript error: No such module "Category handler". | اَلصَّبُورُ | aṣ-Ṣabūr | The Timeless, The Patient | 2:153, 3:200, 103:3 |
Based on al-Tirmidhi's list above, the names for which there is no evidence, as specified by Sheikh Abd al-Muhsin al-Abbad, Sheikh Ibn Uthaymin, and others, are as follows:Template:Quote
Comparisons of other lists
| No. | Arabic | Reference | Romanization | Translation | Narrators | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WM | AS | AH | MD | HZ | AB | IW | IH | BH | IU | AR | AG | IN | SW | AM | |||||
| 1 | الله | Q1:1 | Allāh | God | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2 | ٱلرَّحْمَٰنُ | Q1:1 | al-Raḥmān | The Most Gracious | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 3 | ٱلرَّحِيمُ | Q1:1 | al-Raḥīm | The Most Merciful | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| 4 | ٱلْمَلِكُ | Q23:116 | al-Malik | The King | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| 5 | ٱلْقُدُّوسُ | Q59:23 | al-Quddūs | The Most Holy | 5 | — | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| 6 | ٱلسَّلَامُ | Q59:23 | as-Salām | The Peace | 6 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| 7 | ٱلْمُؤْمِنُ | Q59:23 | al-Muʾmin | The Giver of Security | 7 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| 8 | ٱلْمُهَيْمِنُ | Q59:23 | al-Muhaymin | The Controller | 8 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| 9 | ٱلْعَزِيزُ | Q2:129 | al-ʿAzīz | The Exalted in Might | 9 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| 10 | ٱلْجَبَّارُ | Q59:23 | al-Jabbār | The Omnipotent | 10 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| 11 | ٱلْمُتَكَبِّرُ | Q59:23 | al-Mutakabbir | The Superior | 11 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| 12 | ٱلْخَالِقُ | Q6:102 | al-Khāliq | The Creator | 12 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| 13 | ٱلْبَارِئُ | Q59:23 | al-Bāriʾ | The Inventor | 13 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
| 14 | ٱلْمُصَوِّرُ | Q59:23 | al-Muṣawwir | The Designer | 14 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 |
| 15 | ٱلْغَفَّارُ | Q38:66 | al-Ghaffār | The Absolute Forgiver | 15 | — | 15 | 15 | 15 | — | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
| 16 | ٱلْقَهَّارُ | Q12:39 | al-Qahhār | The Subduer | 16 | — | — | 16 | 16 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 |
| 17 | ٱلْوَهَّابُ | Q3:8 | al-Wahhāb | The Bestower | 17 | 14 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 |
| 18 | ٱلرَّزَّاقُ | Q51:58 | ar-Razzāq | The Provider | 18 | 15 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 |
| 19 | ٱلْفَتَّاحُ | Q34:26 | al-Fattāḥ | The Opener | 19 | — | 18 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 |
| 20 | ٱلْعَلِيمُ | Q2:32 | al-ʿAlīm | The All-Knowing | 20 | 16 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| 21 | ٱلْقَابِضُ | AD(3451) | al-Qābiḍ | The Restrainer | 21 | 17 | — | 21 | 21 | 20 | — | — | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | — |
| 22 | ٱلْبَاسِطُ | AD(3451) | al-Bāsiṭ | The Expander | 22 | 18 | — | 22 | 22 | 21 | — | — | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | — |
| 23 | ٱلْخَافِضُ | Q56:3* | al-Khāfiḍ | The Humiliator | 23 | 19 | — | — | — | 22 | — | — | 23 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 24 | ٱلرَّافِعُ | Q56:3* | ar-Rāfiʿ | The Exalter | 24 | 20 | — | 23 | — | 23 | 21 | — | 24 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 25 | ٱلْمُعِزُّ | Q3:26* | al-Muʿizz | The Giver of Honor | 25 | 21 | — | 24 | — | 24 | — | — | 25 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 26 | ٱلْمُذِلُّ | Q3:26* | al-Muḏill | The Giver of Disgrace | 26 | 22 | — | 25 | — | 25 | — | — | 26 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 27 | ٱلسَّمِيعُ | Q2:127 | as-Samīʿ | The All-Hearing | 27 | 23 | 20 | 26 | 23 | 26 | 22 | 21 | 27 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 21 |
| 28 | ٱلْبَصِيرُ | Q17:1 | al-Baṣīr | The All-Seeing | 28 | 24 | 21 | 27 | 24 | 27 | 23 | 22 | 28 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 22 |
| 29 | ٱلْحَكَمُ | Q6:114 | al-Ḥakam | The Judge | 29 | — | — | 28 | — | 28 | 24 | 23 | 29 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 23 |
| 30 | ٱلْعَدْلُ | Q16:90* | al-ʿAdl | The Just | 30 | — | — | 29 | — | 29 | — | — | 30 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 31 | ٱللَّطِيفُ | Q6:103 | al-Laṭīf | The Gentle | 31 | 25 | 22 | 30 | 25 | 30 | 25 | 24 | 31 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 24 |
| 32 | ٱلْخَبِيرُ | Q6:18 | al-Khabīr | The All-Aware | 32 | 26 | 23 | 31 | 26 | 31 | 26 | 25 | 32 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 25 |
| 33 | ٱلْحَلِيمُ | Q2:235 | al-Ḥalīm | The Forbearing | 33 | 27 | 24 | 32 | 27 | 32 | 27 | 26 | 33 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 26 |
| 34 | ٱلْعَظِيمُ | Q2:255 | al-ʿAẓīm | The Most Magnificent | 34 | 28 | 25 | 33 | 28 | 33 | 28 | 27 | 34 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 27 |
| 35 | ٱلْغَفُورُ | Q2:218 | al-Ghafūr | The Oft-Forgiving | 35 | 29 | 26 | 34 | 29 | 34 | 29 | 28 | 35 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 28 |
| 36 | ٱلشَّكُورُ | Q35:30 | ash-Shakūr | The Grateful | 36 | 30 | 27 | 35 | 30 | 35 | 30 | 29 | 36 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 29 |
| 37 | ٱلْعَلِيُّ | Q2:255 | al-ʿAliyy | The Most High | 37 | 31 | 28 | 36 | 31 | 36 | 31 | 30 | 37 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 30 |
| 38 | ٱلْكَبِيرُ | Q13:9 | al-Kabīr | The Most Great | 38 | — | 29 | 37 | 32 | 37 | 32 | 31 | 38 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 31 |
| 39 | ٱلْحَفِيظُ | Q11:57 | al-Ḥafīz | The Protector | 39 | — | — | 38 | — | 38 | — | 32 | 39 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 32 |
| 40 | ٱلْمُقِيتُ | Q4:85 | al-Muqīt | The Nourisher | 40 | — | — | — | — | 39 | 33 | 33 | 40 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 33 |
| 41 | ٱلْحَسِيبُ | Q4:6 | al-Ḥasīb | The Ever-Reckoner | 41 | — | — | 39 | — | 40 | 34 | 34 | 41 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 34 |
| 42 | ٱلْجَلِيلُ | Q55:27* | al-Jalīl | The Majestic | 42 | 35 | 30 | 40 | — | 41 | — | — | 42 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 43 | الْكَرِيمُ | Q82:6 | al-Karīm | The Noble | 43 | 36 | 31 | 41 | 33 | 42 | 35 | 35 | 43 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 35 |
| 44 | الرَّقِيبُ | Q5:117 | ar-Raqīb | The Watchful | 44 | — | 32 | 42 | — | 43 | 36 | 36 | 44 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 36 |
| 45 | الْمُجِيبُ | Q11:61 | al-Mujīb | The Answerer | 45 | 37 | 33 | — | 34 | — | 37 | 37 | 45 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 37 |
| 46 | الْوَاسِعُ | Q2:115 | al-Wāsiʿ | The Vast | 46 | — | 34 | — | 35 | 44 | 38 | 38 | 46 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 38 |
| 47 | الْحَكِيمُ | Q2:32 | al-Ḥakīm | The Wise | 47 | 38 | — | — | 36 | 45 | 39 | 39 | 47 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 39 |
| 48 | الْوَدُودُ | Q85:14 | al-Wadūd | The Affectionate | 48 | 39 | 35 | 43 | 37 | 46 | 40 | 40 | 48 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 40 |
| 49 | الْمَجِيدُ | Q85:15 | al-Majīd | The All-Glorious | 49 | 40 | 36 | 44 | 38 | 47 | 41 | 41 | 49 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 41 |
| 50 | الْبَاعِثُ | Q22:7* | al-Bāʿiṯ | The Resurrector | 50 | 41 | 37 | 45 | — | — | — | — | 50 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 51 | الشَّهِيدُ | Q5:117 | ash-Shahīd | The Witness | 51 | 42 | 38 | 46 | — | 48 | 42 | 42 | 51 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 42 |
| 52 | الْحَقُّ | Q6:62 | al-Ḥaqq | The Truth | 52 | 43 | 39 | 47 | 39 | 49 | 43 | 43 | 52 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 43 |
| 53 | الْوَكِيلُ | Q6:102 | al-Wakīl | The Dependable | 53 | 44 | 40 | — | — | 50 | 44 | 44 | 53 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 44 |
| 54 | الْقَوِيُّ | Q8:52 | al-Qawiyy | The Strong | 54 | 45 | — | 48 | 40 | 51 | 45 | 45 | 54 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 45 |
| 55 | الْمَتِينُ | Q51:58 | al-Matīn | The Firm | 55 | 46 | — | — | 41 | 52 | 46 | 46 | 55 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 46 |
| 56 | الْوَلِيُّ | Q42:9 | al-Waliyy | The Helper | 56 | 47 | — | 49 | 42 | 53 | 47 | 47 | 56 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 47 |
| 57 | الْحَمِيدُ | Q2:267 | al-Ḥamīd | The All-Praiseworthy | 57 | — | 41 | 50 | 43 | 54 | 48 | 48 | 57 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 48 |
| 58 | الْمُحْصِي | Q72:28* | al-Muḥsīy | The Accounter | 58 | — | — | — | — | 55 | — | — | 58 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 59 | الْمُبْدِئُ | Q85:13* | al-Mubdiʾ | The Initiator | 59 | 48 | 42 | — | — | 56 | — | — | 59 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 60 | الْمُعِيدُ | Q85:13* | al-Muʿīd | The Restorer | 60 | 49 | 43 | — | — | 57 | — | — | 60 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 61 | الْمُحْيِي | Q2:28 | al-Muḥyī | The Giver of Life | 61 | 50 | 44 | 51 | — | 58 | — | 49 | 61 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 62 | الْمُمِيتُ | Q2:28 | al-Mumīt | The Bringer of Death | 62 | 51 | 45 | — | — | 59 | — | — | 62 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 63 | الْحَيُّ | Q2:255 | al-Ḥayy | The Living | 63 | 52 | 46 | 52 | 44 | 60 | 49 | 50 | 63 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 49 |
| 64 | الْقَيُّومُ | Q2:255 | al-Qayyūm | The Independent | 64 | 53 | 47 | 53 | 45 | 61 | 50 | 51 | 64 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 50 |
| 65 | الْوَاجِدُ | T(3507)** | al-Wājid | The Finder | 65 | 54 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 65 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 66 | الْمَاجِدُ | T(2495) | al-Mājid | The Glorious | 66 | 55 | — | 54 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 67 | الْوَاحِدُ | Q12:39 | al-Wāḥid | The Unique | 67 | 56 | 48 | 55 | 46 | 62 | 51 | 52 | 66 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 51 |
| 68 | الصَّمَدُ | Q112:2 | aṣ-Ṣamad | The Self-Sufficient | 68 | 57 | 49 | 56 | 47 | 63 | 52 | 53 | 67 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 52 |
| 69 | الْقَادِرُ | Q6:65 | al-Qādir | The All-Powerful | 69 | 58 | 50 | 57 | — | 64 | 53 | 54 | 68 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 53 |
| 70 | الْمُقْتَدِرُ | Q54:42 | al-Muqtadir | The Determiner | 70 | — | 51 | 58 | 48 | 65 | 54 | 55 | 69 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 54 |
| 71 | الْمُقَدِّمُ | B(1120) | al-Muqaddim | The Expeditor | 71 | — | — | — | 49 | 66 | — | — | 70 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 55 |
| 72 | الْمُؤَخِّرُ | B(1120) | al-Muʾakhkhir | The Delayer | 72 | — | — | — | 50 | 67 | — | — | 71 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 56 |
| 73 | الْأَوَّلُ | Q57:3 | al-ʾAwwal | The First | 73 | 59 | 52 | 59 | 51 | 68 | 55 | 56 | 72 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 57 |
| 74 | الْآخِرُ | Q57:3 | al-ʾĀkhir | The Last | 74 | 60 | 53 | 60 | 52 | 69 | 56 | 57 | 73 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 58 |
| 75 | الظَّاهِرُ | Q57:3 | aẓ-Ẓāhir | The Manifest | 75 | 61 | 54 | 61 | 53 | 70 | 57 | 58 | 74 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 59 |
| 76 | الْبَاطِنُ | Q57:3 | al-Bāṭin | The Hidden | 76 | 62 | 55 | 62 | 54 | 71 | 58 | 59 | 75 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 60 |
| 77 | الْوَالِي | Q13:11 | al-Wāliy | The Patron | 77 | 63 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 76 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 78 | الْمُتَعَالِ | Q13:9 | al-Mutʿāliy | The Most Exalted | 78 | 64 | 56 | — | 55 | — | 59 | 60 | 77 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 61 |
| 79 | الْبَرُّ | Q52:28 | al-Barr | The Beneficent | 79 | — | — | — | 56 | — | 60 | 61 | 78 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 62 |
| 80 | التَّوَّابُ | Q2:37 | at-Tawwāb | The Oft-Returning | 80 | 65 | 57 | 63 | 57 | 72 | 61 | 62 | 79 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 63 |
| 81 | الْمُنْتَقِمُ | Q32:22 | al-Muntaqim | The Avenger | 81 | — | — | — | — | — | 62 | 63 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 82 | الْعَفُوُّ | Q4:43 | al-ʿAfuww | The Pardoner | 82 | 66 | 58 | 64 | 58 | 73 | 63 | 64 | 80 | 66 | 66 | 66 | 66 | 66 | 64 |
| 83 | الرَّؤُوفُ | Q2:143 | ar-Raʾūf | The Kind | 83 | 67 | 59 | 65 | 59 | 74 | 64 | 65 | 81 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 65 |
| 84 | مَالِكُ الْمُلْكِ | Q3:26 | Mālik-ul-mulk | Owner of All Sovereignty | 84 | — | — | — | — | — | 65 | — | 82 | — | — | — | — | 68 | — |
| 85 | ذُو الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ | Q55:27 | Ḏū l-Jalāli wal-ʾIkrām | Owner of Majesty and Honor | 85 | — | 60 | 66 | — | — | 66 | — | 83 | — | — | — | — | 69 | — |
| 86 | الْمُقْسِطُ | T(3507)** | al-Muqsiṭ | The Requiter | 86 | 68 | — | 67 | — | 75 | 67 | — | 84 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 87 | الْجَامِعُ | Q3:9 | al-Jāmiʿ | The Gatherer | 87 | 69 | — | 68 | — | 76 | 68 | 66 | 85 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 88 | الْغَنِيُّ | Q6:133 | al-Ghāniyy | The Rich | 88 | 70 | 61 | 69 | 60 | 77 | 69 | 67 | 86 | 68 | 68 | 68 | 68 | 70 | 66 |
| 89 | الْمُغْنِي | Q9:28* | al-Mughniyy | The Enricher | 89 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 87 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 90 | الْمَانِعُ | M(477)* | al-Māniʿ | The Preventer | 90 | 71 | — | 70 | — | — | — | — | 88 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 91 | الضَّارُّ | Q6:17* | aḍ-Ḍār | The Distressor | 91 | 72 | — | — | — | 78 | — | — | 89 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 92 | النَّافِعُ | T(3507)** | an-Nāfiʿ | The Benefactor | 92 | 73 | — | — | — | 79 | — | — | 90 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 93 | النُّورُ | Q24:35 | an-Nūr | The Light | 93 | 74 | 62 | 71 | — | — | — | 68 | 91 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 94 | الْهَادِي | Q25:31 | al-Hādī | The Guide | 94 | 75 | 63 | 72 | — | 80 | 70 | 69 | 92 | — | — | 69 | 69 | 71 | 67 |
| 95 | الْبَدِيعُ | Q2:117 | al-Badīʿ | The Originator | 95 | — | 64 | 73 | — | — | 71 | 70 | 93 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 96 | الْبَاقِي | Q55:27* | al-Bāqī | The Everlasting | 96 | 76 | 65 | 74 | — | 81 | — | — | 94 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 97 | الْوَارِثُ | Q15:23 | al-Wāriṯ | The Inheritor | 97 | 77 | — | — | — | 82 | 72 | 71 | 95 | 69 | 69 | 70 | 70 | — | 68 |
| 98 | الرَّشِيدُ | Q18:10* | ar-Rashīd | The Right Guide | 98 | — | — | 75 | — | 83 | 73 | — | 96 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 99 | الصَّبُورُ | T(3507)** | aṣ-Ṣabūr | The Patient | 99 | — | — | 76 | — | 84 | — | — | 97 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Hidden names
There is no universal agreement among Islamic exegesis scholars about the number of names of God, since it was only Ibn Hazm who argued a limitation of 99 names. Instead, Islamic scholars such as al-Khattabi, al-Qurtubi, Abi Bakr bin Thayyib, Ibn al-'Arabi (not Ibn Arabi),Template:Efn Template:Ill, Ibn Taymiyya, Al-Nawawi, Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani,[32] Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya[33] and Ibn Rajab,[34] have stated that Allah has an infinite number of names. While there are rulings that only a few names and their attributes are revealed and known in the Quran and Hadiths, the uncountably unrevealed names and their attributes are only known by Allah Himself.[35][36] The basis of these rulings was the Hadith, which contains a supplication as narrated in Hisn al-Muslim:
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Another Hadith contains a supplication, with multiple chains of transmitters:
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In the established Islamic creed about the unrevealed names of Allah, the majority of fatwas say it is obligatory for a Muslim to believe in the existence of the unrevealed names and their attributes, but it is forbidden for Muslims to try to search for them without literal evidences from the Quran and authentic Hadiths.[32][34][35][33] In the creed of Islamic eschatology, the hidden names are believed to be hidden from anyone but Allah, and will only be revealed personally to Muhammad during Judgement Day.[33]
In textual sources
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According to Muslims, the names of God must be established by evidence and direct reference in the Quran and hadiths (the concept of tawqif). Thus, it is impermissible (haram) for Muslims to give Allah names except with what He has named Himself in the Quran or in authentic Hadiths.
The Quran
The Quran refers to God's Most Beautiful Names (al-ʾasmāʾ al-ḥusná) in several Surahs. Gerhard Böwering refers to Surah 17 (17:110) as the locus classicus to which explicit lists of 99 names used to be attached in tafsir.
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Another verse references the Most Beautiful Names:
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A cluster of more than a dozen Divine epithets which are included in such lists is found in Surah 59.
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Hadith
In a hadith narrated by Sahih al-Bukhari, it is mentioned that Allah has 99 names.<templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" />
Abu Hurairah reported that God has ninety-nine Names, i.e., one hundred minus one, and whoever believes in their meanings and acts accordingly, will enter Paradise; and God is witr (one) and loves 'the witr' (i.e., odd numbers).
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Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "God has ninety-nine Names, one-hundred less one; and he who memorized them all by heart will enter Paradise." To count something means to know it by heart.
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Sufi mysticism
There is a tradition in Sufism to the effect the 99 names of God point to a mystical "Most Supreme and Superior Name" (ismu l-ʾAʿẓam (Script error: No such module "Lang".).[37] This "Greatest Name of God" is said to be "the one which if He is called (prayed to) by it, He will answer."[38] More than 1000 names of God are listed in the Jawshan Kabir (Script error: No such module "Lang".—literally "the Great Cuirass") invocations.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Sufi mystic Ibn Arabi surmised that the 99 names are "outward signs of the universe's inner mysteries".[8]
Ibn Arabi (26 July 1165 – 16 November 1240) did not interpret the names of God as mere epithets, but as actual attributes paring the universe both in created and possible forms. By these names, the divine traits disclose for humans, whose divine potential is hidden, can learn to become a reflection of such names. However, such reflections are limited; the divine traits do not equal the divine essence of the names.[39] Influenced by the metaphysical teachings of Ibn Arabi, Haydar Amuli assigned angels to the different names of God. Accordingly, the good angels as a whole are a manifestation of God's Names of Beauty. Shaitan (shayatin) on the other hand are a manifestation of God's Names of majesty, such as "The Haughty".[40]
Theophoric given names
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Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The Arabic names of God are used to form theophoric given names commonly used in Muslim cultures throughout the world, mostly in Arabic speaking societies.
Because the names of God themselves are reserved to God and their use as a person's given name is considered religiously inappropriate, theophoric names are formed by either prefixing the term ˁabd (عَبْدُ: "slave/servant of") to the name (in the case of masculine names) or by dropping the definite article al (ال).
This distinction is established out of respect for the sanctity of Divine names, which denote attributes (of love, kindness, mercy, compassion, justice, power, etc.) that are believed to be possessed in a full and absolute sense only by God, while human beings, being limited creatures, are viewed by Muslims as being endowed with the Divine attributes only in a limited and relative capacity. The prefixing of the definite article would indicate that the bearer possesses the corresponding attribute in an exclusive sense, a trait reserved to God.
Quranic verse 3:26 is cited as evidence against the validity of using Divine names for persons, with the example of Mālik ul-Mulk (مَـٰلِكُ ٱلْمُلْكُ: "Lord of Power" or "Owner of all Sovereignty"):
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Say: "O God! Lord of Power, You give power to whom You please, and You strip off power from whom You please. You endue with honour whom You please, and You bring low whom You please. In Your hand is all Good." Verily, over all things You have power.
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The two parts of the name starting with ˁabd may be written separately (as in the previous example) or combined as one in the transliterated form; in such a case, the vowel transcribed after ˁabdu is often written as u when the two words are transcribed as one: e.g., Abdur-Rahman, Abdul-Aziz, Abdul-Jabbar, or even Abdullah (عَبْدُ ٱللّٰه: "Servant of God"). (This has to do with Arabic case vowels, the final u vowel showing the normal "quote" nominative case form.)
Examples of Muslim theophoric names include:
- Raḥmān, such as Abdul-Raḥman Al-Sudais (عَبْدُ ٱلْرَّحْمَان ٱلْسُّدَيْس): Imam of the Grand Mosque of Makkah, KSA
- Salām, such as Salam Fayyaḍ (سَلَام فَيَّاض): Palestinian politician
- Jabbār, such as Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (كَرِيم عَبْدُ ٱلْجَبَّار): American basketball player
- Ḥakīm, such as Sherman "Abdul Ḥakim" Jackson (عَبْدُ ٱلْحَكِيم—ˁabdu ʼl-Ḥakiym): American Islamic Studies scholar
- Ra'ūf, such as Ra'ouf Mus'ad (رَؤُوف مُسَعد): Egyptian-Sudanese novelist
- Abdul Muqtedar as in Muḥammad Abdul Muqtedar Khan (مُحَمَّد عَبْدُ ٱلمُقْتَدِر خَان): Indian-American academic
Use in Baháʼí sources
Baháʼí sources state that the 100th name was revealed as "Baháʼ" (Template:Langx "glory, splendor"), which appears in the words Bahá'u'lláh and Baháʼí. They also believe that it is the greatest name of God.[41][42] The Báb wrote a noted pentagram-shaped tablet with 360 morphological derivation of the word "Baháʼ" used in it.[41]
According to Baháʼí scholar ‘Abdu’l-Hamíd Ishráq-Khávari, Bahāʾ al-dīn al-ʿĀmilī adopted the Persian poetic pen name "Bahāʾ" after being inspired by the words of the fifth Twelver Imam, Muhammad al-Baqir, and the sixth Imam, Ja'far al-Sadiq, who stated that the greatest name of God was included in either the Duʿāʾu l-Bahāʾ, a dawn prayer for Ramadan, or the ʾAʿmal ʿam Dawūd.[41] In the first verse of the duʿāʾu l-Bahāʾ, the name "Bahāʾ" appears four times.[43]
See also
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- The 99, a comic book based on the 99 names of God in Islam
- Basmala
- List of Arabic theophoric names
- Names of God
- Names of God in Zoroastrianism
- Names of God in Christianity
- Names of God in Judaism
- Names of God in Sikhism
- Sahasranama, the Hindu lists of 1000 names of God
- "The Nine Billion Names of God", a short story by Arthur C. Clarke
Appendix
Footnotes
References
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". References from:
- Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal no. 3712. graded authentic by Shaikh Albani in Silsilah Ash-Sahihah no. 3528
- Sahih Bukhari. Bukhari no. 4712.
- Sahih Muslim no. 1118
- Sharh al-Qawa' Ied al-Muthla p. 134-135, by Muhammad ibn Salih Al-Uthaymin, first print, published by Dar al-Athar in 2001.
- Sharh ar-Risala att-Tadmuriyyah li Shaykh al-Islaam Ibn Taimiyyah, by Shaikh Dr. Yusuf Al-Ghafish
- Sharh Al-'Aqida As-Safariyaniyya, by Muhammad ibn Salih Al-Uthaymin, published by Madar ul-Watan KSA, second printing in 2010, pp. 202-203.
- Dar'u Ta'arudhi Al-'Aqli wan Naqli, 5/ 248 (Maktabah Shamila).
- Asas at-Taqdiis, pp. 147-148.
- Al-Ibana ‘an Usl ad-Diyanah, page. 443.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ "Islam and Christianity", Encyclopedia of Christianity (2001): Arabic-speaking Christians and Jews also refer to God as Allāh.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Andreas Görke and Johanna Pink Tafsir and Islamic Intellectual History Exploring the Boundaries of a Genre Oxford University Press in association with The Institute of Ismaili Studies London Template:ISBN p. 478
- ↑ It is generally accepted that the word is not derived from any root and does not carry a dictionary meaning and constitutes the proper name of the real god, or even if it has a dictionary meaning, it loses this meaning when it becomes the name of the real god./Kelimenin herhangi bir kökten türemiş olmayıp sözlük mânası taşımadığı ve gerçek mâbudun özel adını teşkil ettiği, yahut sözlükte bir anlamı olsa bile gerçek mâbuda ad olunca bu anlamı kaybettiği genellikle benimsenmektedir. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/allah
- ↑ Template:Cite quran, Template:Cite quran, Template:Cite quran, Template:Cite quran
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Böwering, Gerhard "God and God Attributes". Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper".
- ↑ Ayman Shihadeh: Sufism and Theology. Hrsg.: Edinburgh University Press. 21. November 2007, ISBN 978-0-7486-3134-6, pp. 54–56.
- ↑ In the scriptures of the Abrahamic religions, God is described as being a personal creator, speaking in the first person and showing emotion such as anger and pride, and sometimes appearing in anthropomorphic shape. Williams, W. Wesley, "A study of anthropomorphic theophany and Visio Dei in the Hebrew Bible, the Quran and early Sunni Islam", University of Michigan, March 2009
- ↑ https://quranx.com/Dictionaries/%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85
- ↑ He magnified himself; behaved proudly, haughtily, or insolently https://quranx.com/Dictionaries/%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%B1
- ↑ Hastings, James, (Ed.) (1913). Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics, Volume VI: Fiction–Hyksos. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark. p. 248
- ↑ https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/153869
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Please note the written Arabic spelling of the names written in Arabic in the table are in the vowelled Classical/Quranic form (proper = in the Quran and Ahādith) with the square bracketed "[.]" variant of the written Arabic forms given in common or modern texts—usually in media, some long vowels and punctuations are omitted for the easier typing and reading.
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
- ↑ He magnified himself; behaved proudly, haughtily, or insolently https://quranx.com/Dictionaries/%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%B1
- ↑ a b Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
- ↑ a b c Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
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- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". The endnote states: "Ibn Májah, Sunan, 34. (Kitáb ad-Du'á), ch. 9, no. 3856, vol. 2, p. 1267. See also: Ad-Dárimí, Sunan, 23 (Fada'il al-Qur'án), ch. 15, no. 3296, vol. 2, pp. 324–325. Similar statements in Shi'i tradition include: Majlisí, Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 26. p. 7.
- ↑ Bruce Lawrence The Qur'an: A Biography Atlantic Books Ltd, 2 October 2014 Template:ISBN chapter 8
- ↑ Ayman Shihadeh Sufism and Theology Edinburgh University Press, 21 November 2007 Template:ISBN pp. 54–56
- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
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Bibliography
- ʾIbrahīm bin ʿAlī al-Kafʿamī (1436–1500 CE), al-Maqām al-asnā fī tafsīr al-asmāʼ al-ḥusnā. Beirut: Dār al-Hādī (1992) (WorldCat listing).
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External links
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