777 Gutemberga

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777 Gutemberga (prov. designation: Template:Mp or Template:Mp) is a dark and large background asteroid, approximately Script error: No such module "convert". in diameter, from the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by German astronomer Franz Kaiser at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory on 24 January 1914.[1] The carbonaceous C-type asteroid (Cb) has a rotation period of 12.8 hours. It was named after Johannes Gutenberg (ca. 1400–1468), who introduced the printing press to Europe and started the Printing Revolution.[2]

Orbit and classification

Gutemberga is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements.[3][4][5] It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.9–3.6 AU once every 5 years and 10 months (2,119 days; semi-major axis of 3.23 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.11 and an inclination of 13° with respect to the ecliptic.[6] The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg on 22 December 1924, almost 11 years after its official discovery observation.[1]

Naming

This minor planet was named after Johannes Gutenberg (ca. 1400–1468), a German inventor who started the Printing Revolution with the introduction of mechanical movable type printing. Gutenberg lived and died in Mainz and the neighboring Eltville am Rhein. The Template:MoMP was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 78Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".).[2] The crater Gutenberg on the Moon and the feature Rimae Gutenberg, a 223-kilometer long groove near the crater, were also named after him.[7][8]

Physical characteristics

In the Tholen-like taxonomy of the Small Solar System Objects Spectroscopic Survey (S3OS2), Gutemberga is a common, carbonaceous C-type asteroid. In the Bus–Binzel SMASS-like taxonomic variant of the S3OS2, it is a Cb-subtype, which transitions from the C-type to the somewhat brighter B-type asteroid.[4][9]

Rotation period

In January 218, a rotational lightcurve of Gutemberga was obtained from photometric observations by Tom Polakis at the Command Module Observatory Template:Obscode in Arizona. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of Script error: No such module "val". hours with a brightness variation of Script error: No such module "val". magnitude (U=3Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".).[10]

The result supersedes observations by Otmar Nickel of Astronomical Consortium of Mainz from February 2001, which gave a period of Script error: No such module "val". hours with an amplitude of Script error: No such module "val". magnitude (U=2Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".),Template:Efn and observations by Astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory in California, with a period of Script error: No such module "val". hours and an amplitude of Script error: No such module "val". magnitude.(U=2Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".).[11][12]

Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite, the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Gutemberga measures (Script error: No such module "val".), (Script error: No such module "val".) and (Script error: No such module "val".) kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of (Script error: No such module "val".), (Script error: No such module "val".) and (Script error: No such module "val".), respectively.[13][14][15][16]

The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0494 and a diameter of 65.57 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9.8.[11] Alternative mean-diameter measurements published by the WISE team include (Script error: No such module "val".) and (Script error: No such module "val".) with corresponding albedos of (Script error: No such module "val".) and (Script error: No such module "val".).[4][11] On 27 June 2008, an asteroid occultation of Gutemberga gave a best-fit ellipse dimension of (Script error: No such module "val".), with a poor quality rating of 1. These timed observations are taken when the asteroid passes in front of a distant star.[4]

Notes

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References

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  1. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1". (PDS main page)
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Template:GPN
  8. ↑ Template:GPN
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1". (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

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External links

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