55565 Aya

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Template:Mp (provisional designation Template:Mp) is a classical, non-resonant trans-Neptunian object from the Kuiper belt in the outermost region of the Solar System, also known as a cubewano. It was discovered on 10 January 2002 by astronomers at Palomar Observatory.

Aya has a rotation period of 8.8 hours and has a moderately red color.[1] The object's brightness does not significantly vary as it rotates, which indicates it is likely spheroidal.

History

Discovery

Aya was discovered on 10 January 2002, by astronomers at Palomar Observatory in San Diego County, California, United States.[2] Astronomers involved in the discovery were Michael Brown, Chad Trujillo, Eleanor Helin, Michael Hicks, Kenneth Lawrence and Steven Pravdo.[3] The object was discovered during Brown and Trujillo's Caltech Wide Area Sky Survey, which used Palomar Observatory's Script error: No such module "convert". Samuel Oschin telescope to search for bright Kuiper belt objects.[4]Template:Rp This survey, which was operated jointly with the nightly Near Earth Asteroid Tracking (NEAT) program at Palomar,[4]Template:Rp would later discover several other large objects beyond Neptune, including the dwarf planets Template:Dp, Template:Dp, and Template:Dp.[5]Template:Rp

Aya was found through manual vetting of potential moving objects identified by Brown and Trujillo's automatic image-searching software.[4]Template:Rp In terms of absolute magnitude, Aya was the second-brightest Kuiper belt object known at the time.[6] It was detected at a red-filter apparent magnitude of 19.7.[3] Aya was further observed by Trujillo and Brown using telescopes at Palomar and Mauna Kea Observatory during February to April 2002.[3] The discovery was announced by the Minor Planet Center on 20 July 2002 and the object was given the minor planet provisional designation of Template:Mp.[3]

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Further observations

Within a month after Aya's discovery, Trujillo and Brown collaborated with Jean-Luc Margot and Frank Bertoldi to measure the object's diameter and thermal emission using the IRAM 30m radio telescope at Sierra Nevada, Spain.[7][6] Astronomers also found additional observations of Aya from the time before and during its discovery, which allowed for further refinement of orbit calculations.[8] The earliest pre-discovery observation of Aya comes from an image taken on 29 December 1997 by the NEAT/GEODSS program at Haleakalā Observatory, Hawaii.[2][8] since 2025Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., Aya has been observed for over 27 years, or about 8% of its orbital period.[9][2]

Numbering and naming

The object received its permanent minor planet catalog number of 55565 from the Minor Planet Center on 16 February 2003.[10]Template:Rp On 30 June 2025, it was given the name Aya, after the goddess of dawn and the wife of the sun god Shamash in Akkadian mythology.[11]Template:Rp The name follows the official naming theme of mythological creation figures for classical Kuiper belt objects.[12]Template:Rp

Orbit and classification

Aya's orbit is outside that of Pluto's, with a higher inclination and different orientation
Diagram showing top and tilted views of the orbits of Aya (pink), Pluto (purple) and the outer planets

Aya is a trans-Neptunian object (TNO) orbiting the Sun at a semi-major axis or average distance of 47.2 astronomical units (AU).[13]Template:Efn It follows an elliptical orbit with an eccentricity of 0.13.[13] During its 324-year orbital period, Aya comes within 41.1 AU from the Sun at perihelion and up to 53.3 AU at aphelion.[13] It has an orbital inclination of 24.4° with respect to the ecliptic.[13] Aya last passed perihelion in July 1753 and will make its next perihelion passage in May 2078.[14][15]

Aya is located in the classical region of the Kuiper belt 39–48 AU from the Sun,[16]Template:Rp and is thus classified as a classical Kuiper belt object or cubewano.[16]Template:Rp Aya's high orbital inclination qualifies it as a dynamically "hot" member of the classical Kuiper belt, which implies that it was gravitationally scattered out to its present location by Neptune's outward planetary migration in the Solar System's early history.[17]Template:Rp Hence, Aya is sometimes classified as a "scattered" object.[18][19]Template:Rp

Physical characteristics

History of diameter estimates for Aya
Year of
Publication		 Diameter
(km)		 Method Refs
2002 Script error: No such module "val". thermal
(IRAM)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		[6][20]Template:Rp
2005 Script error: No such module "val". thermal
(Spitzer)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		[21][22]
2008 Script error: No such module "val". thermal
(Spitzer)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		[19]Template:Rp
2009 Script error: No such module "val". thermal
(Spitzer, remodeled)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		[23]Template:Rp
2014 Script error: No such module "val". thermal
(Herschel + Spitzer)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		[24]


Size, shape, and rotation

File:Kuiper Belt Object 2002 AW197.jpg
Pair of far-infrared images of Aya by the Spitzer Space Telescope

Measurements of Aya's infrared thermal emission by the Herschel and Spitzer space telescopes give a diameter of Script error: No such module "val". (Script error: No such module "val".).[24] This makes Aya slightly smaller than the dwarf planet Ceres.[6] Aya is large enough that some astronomers consider it a dwarf planet candidate.[25][26]Template:Rp Aya's brightness fluctuates very little as it rotates, which could indicate it has a spheroidal shape.[27]Template:Rp[26]Template:Rp

Aya likely has a rotation period of around 8.8 hours, according to telescopic observations of its brightness changes over time. Aya's subtle brightness variations can make it difficult to determine its light curve and true rotation period.[28]Template:Rp The first measurements of Aya's rotation period made during 2002–2003 obtained a likely period of Script error: No such module "val". hours.[29]Template:Rp[30]Template:Rp Although other alias periods of 13.94, 6.49, and 15.82 hours are possible, the 8.86 hour period stands out as the most likely.[30]Template:Rp Observations from 2003–2004 obtained a period of 8.78 hours,[28]Template:Rp whereas another set of observations from 2003 could not determine a period.[31]Template:Rp

Surface

Aya has a dark, reddish surface with a geometric albedo of about 11%.[24] The visible and near-infrared spectrum of Aya lacks obvious absorption features, which suggests that tholins mostly cover its surface.[32]

See also

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

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  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Solution using the Solar System Barycenter. Ephemeris Type: Elements and Center: @0)
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". (Perihelion occurs when deldot changes from negative to positive. Uncertainty in time of perihelion is 1-sigma from JPL Small-Body Database.)
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". (Perihelion occurs when deldot changes from negative to positive. Uncertainty in time of perihelion is 1-sigma from JPL Small-Body Database.)
  16. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

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External links

Template:Sister project

Template:Trans-Neptunian objects

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