1970 in spaceflight

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Template:Short description Template:Use British English Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Template:Infobox Year in spaceflight Template:Infobox spaceflight

Script error: No such module "Navbox". Japan and China each launched their first satellites in 1970, bringing the total number of nations with independent launch capability to five.

Apollo 13 was launched; after suffering an explosion in deep space it had to circumnavigate the moon and use the LM as a life boat. Apollo 13 was a successful disaster in which the crew survived. The Soviet space program continued its Luna program with Luna 17, which delivered the robotic Lunokhod 1 rover to the lunar surface, and Luna 16, which achieved the first uncrewed lunar sample return. The Soviets also continued the success of the Venera Venus probes with Venera 7, the first man-made spacecraft to successfully land on another planet and to transmit data back to Earth, though it only survived 23 minutes on the surface.

Orbital Launches

This is a list of spaceflights launched in 1970. Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Template:Flatlist
Date and time (UTC) Rocket Flight number Launch site LSP
Payload Operator Orbit Function Decay (UTC) Outcome
Remarks

January

9 January Template:FlagiconVoskhod Template:Flagicon Baikonur Site 31/6 RVSN RF
Template:FlagiconKosmos 318 (Zenit-2M №7, Gektor №7) GRU Low Earth Orbit Reconnaissance In orbit Successful
14 January Template:Flagicon Titan IIIB Agena-D Template:FlagiconVandenberg SLC-4W
Template:FlagiconOPS 6531 KH-8 4325 USAF Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Successful
15 January Template:Flagicon Delta M Template:FlagiconCape Canaveral LC-17A
Template:FlagiconIntelsat III F6 Intelsat Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Successful
15 January Template:FlagiconKosmos-2 Template:FlagiconPlesetsk Site 133/1 RVSN RF
Template:FlagiconKosmos 319 (DS-P1-Yu №29) Yuzhnoye Low Earth Orbit Radar calibration In orbit Successful
16 January Template:FlagiconKosmos-2 Template:FlagiconKapustin Yar LC-86/4 RVSN RF
Template:FlagiconKosmos 320 (DS-MO №2, Opticheski №2) Yuzhnoye Low Earth Orbit Technology Demonstration In orbit Successful
20 January Template:FlagiconKosmos-2 Template:FlagiconPlesetsk Site 133/1
Template:FlagiconKosmos 321 (DS-U2-MG №1) Low Earth Orbit Magnetospheric Astronomy In orbit Successful
21 January Template:FlagiconVoskhod Template:Flagicon Plesetsk Site 41/1 RVSN RF
Template:FlagiconKosmos 322 (Zenit-4 №68) GRU Low Earth Orbit Reconnaissance In orbit Successful
23 January Template:Flagicon Delta N6 Template:FlagiconVandenberg SLC-2W
Template:FlagiconTIROS M (ITOS 1) NOAA Low Earth Meteorology In orbit Successful
Template:Flagicon Australis University of Melbourne Low Earth Communications In orbit Successful
30 January Template:FlagiconKosmos-2 Template:FlagiconPlesetsk Site 133/1 RVSN RF
Template:FlagiconDS-P1-I №7 Yuzhnoye Low Earth Orbit Radar calibration In orbit Failure

February

4 February Template:Flagicon Thorad-SLV2G Agena-D Template:FlagiconVandenberg SLC-2E
Template:FlagiconSERT 2 NASA Lewis research center Low Earth Technology Demonstration In orbit Successful
6 February Template:FlagiconProton K / D Template:FlagiconPad 81/23, Baikonur MOM
Template:FlagiconYe-8-5 No.405 MOM Selenocentric Lunar lander In orbit Failure
10 February Template:FlagiconVoskhod Template:FlagiconSite 41/1, Plesetsk
Template:FlagiconKosmos 323 (Zenit-4 #69) GRU Low Earth Orbit Reconnaissance In orbit Successful
11 February Template:Flagicon Lambda-4S Template:Flagicon Kagoshima Template:Flagicon Japan
Template:Flagicon Ohsumi Tokyo University Low Earth Technology 2 August 2003 Successful
First satellite launched by Japan, final flight of L-4S
11 February Template:Flagicon Thor LV-2F Burner 2 Template:FlagiconVandenberg SLC-10W
Template:FlagiconOPS 0054 DMSP-5A F1 SSO Meteorology In orbit Successful
19 February Template:FlagiconMolniya-M/ML Template:FlagiconSite 43/4, Plesetsk
Template:FlagiconMolniya-1 13 Molniya Communications In orbit Successful
27 February Template:FlagiconKosmos-2 Template:FlagiconPlesetsk Site 133/1
Template:FlagiconKosmos 324 (DS-P1-Yu #30) Low Earth Orbit Calibration In orbit Successful

March

4 March Template:FlagiconVoskhod Template:FlagiconSite 43/4, Plesetsk
Template:FlagiconKosmos 325 (Zenit-2 #79) GRU Low Earth Orbit Reconnaissance In orbit Successful
4 March Template:Flagicon Thorad-SLV2H Agena-D Template:FlagiconVandenberg SLC-3W
Template:FlagiconOPS 0440 KH-4B 1109 Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Successful
Template:Flagicon OPS 3402 Tivoli 3 USAF Low Earth ELINT In orbit Successful
10 March
12:20 		Template:Flagicon Diamant B Template:FlagiconKourou ELD Template:Flagicon CNES
Template:Flagicon DIAL-WIKA DFVLR Elliptical low Earth Upper atmosphere research 5 October 1978 Successful
Template:Flagicon DIAL-MIKA DFVLR Elliptical low Earth Launch vehicle evaluation 9 September 1974 Spacecraft failure
Maiden flight of Diamant B, the first orbital launch from Kourou and South America in general
13 March Template:FlagiconVoskhod Template:FlagiconSite 43/4, Plesetsk
Template:FlagiconKosmos 326 (Zenit-2 #80) GRU Low Earth Orbit Reconnaissance In orbit Successful
17 March Template:FlagiconVostok-2M Template:FlagiconSite 41/1, Plesetsk
Template:FlagiconMeteor-1 3 Low Earth Orbit Meteorology In orbit Successful
18 March Template:FlagiconKosmos-2 Template:FlagiconSite 133/1, Plesetsk
Template:FlagiconKosmos 327 (DS-P1-I #8) Yuzhnoye Low Earth Orbit Radar calibration In orbit Successful
20 March Template:Flagicon Delta M Template:FlagiconCape Canaveral LC-17B
Template:Flagicon NATO 2A NATO Geosynchronous Military Communication In orbit Successful
27 March Template:FlagiconVoskhod Template:FlagiconSite 41/1, Plesetsk
Template:FlagiconKosmos 328 (Zenit-2MK #2, Germes #2) GRU Low Earth Orbit Reconnaissance In orbit Successful

April

3 April Template:FlagiconVoskhod Template:FlagiconSite 43/4, Plesetsk
Template:FlagiconKosmos 329 (Zenit-2M #8, Gektor #8) GRU Low Earth Orbit Reconnaissance In orbit Successful
7 April Template:FlagiconKosmos-3M Template:FlagiconPlesetsk
Template:FlagiconKosmos 330 (Tselina O #6) Low Earth Orbit SIGNIT In orbit Successful
8 April Template:Flagicon Thorad-SLV2G Agena-D Template:FlagiconVandenberg SLC-2E
Template:FlagiconNimbus 4 NOAA / NASA Medium Earth Meteorology In orbit Successful
Template:Flagicon Topo 1 US Army Medium Earth Geodesy In orbit Successful
8 April Template:FlagiconVoskhod Template:FlagiconSite 31/6, Baikonur
Template:FlagiconKosmos 331 (Zenit-4 #70) GRU Low Earth Orbit Reconnaissance In orbit Successful
8 April Template:Flagicon Titan IIIC Template:FlagiconCape Canaveral LC-40
Template:Flagicon OPS 7033 Vela 11 USAF Reconnaissance In orbit Successful
Template:Flagicon OPS 7044 Vela 12 USAF Reconnaissance In orbit Successful
11 April Template:FlagiconKosmos-3M Template:FlagiconPlesetsk
Template:FlagiconKosmos 332 (Zaliv #5) Medium Earth Navigation In orbit Successful
11 April
19:13 		Template:Flagicon Saturn V (C-5) Template:Flagicon Kennedy LC-39A Template:Flagicon NASA
Template:Flagicon Apollo 13 CSM Odyssey NASA Intended: Lunar orbit
Actual: Lunar free return 		Crewed lunar orbit. 15 April 1970 Failure
Template:Flagicon Apollo 13 LM Aquarius NASA Intended: Lunar landing
Actual: Lunar free return 		Crewed lunar landing 15 April 1970 Failure
Explosion in Service Module crippled spacecraft, resulting in mission abort. Mission aborted due to CSM malfunction. LM used to help bring crew back to Earth.
15 April Template:FlagiconVoskhod Template:FlagiconSite 41/1, Plesetsk
Template:FlagiconKosmos 333 (Zenit-4M #4, Rotor #4) GRU Low Earth Orbit Reconnaissance In orbit Successful
15 April Template:Flagicon Titan IIIB Agena-D Template:FlagiconVandenberg SLC-4W
Template:FlagiconOPS 2863 KH-8 4326 USAF Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Successful
23 April Template:Flagicon Delta M Template:FlagiconCape Canaveral LC-17A
Template:FlagiconIntelsat III F7 Intelsat Geosynchronous Communication In orbit Successful
23 April Template:FlagiconKosmos-2 Template:Flagicon Plesetsk Site 133/1
Template:FlagiconKosmos 334 (DS-P1-Yu #31) Yuzhnoye Low Earth Orbit Radar calibration In orbit Successful
24 April
13:35 		Template:Flagicon Long March 1 Y1 Template:Flagicon Jiuquan LA-2A Template:Flagicon CASC
Template:Flagicon Dong Fang Hong I CAST Medium Earth Technology demonstration In orbit Successful
First satellite launched by China.
24 April Template:FlagiconKosmos-2 Template:Flagicon Kapustin Yar
Template:FlagiconKosmos 335 (DS-U1-R #1) Yuzhnoye Low Earth Orbit Research In orbit Successful
25 April Template:FlagiconKosmos-3M Template:FlagiconPlesetsk
Template:FlagiconKosmos 336 (Strela-1M #1) Low Earth Orbit Military Communication In orbit Successful
Template:FlagiconKosmos 337 (Strela-1M #2) Low Earth Orbit Military Communication In orbit Successful
Template:FlagiconKosmos 338 (Strela-1M #3) Low Earth Orbit Military Communication In orbit Successful
Template:FlagiconKosmos 339 (Strela-1M #4) Low Earth Orbit Military Communication In orbit Successful
Template:FlagiconKosmos 340 (Strela-1M #5) Low Earth Orbit Military Communication In orbit Successful
Template:FlagiconKosmos 341 (Strela-1M #6) Low Earth Orbit Military Communication In orbit Successful
Template:FlagiconKosmos 342 (Strela-1M #7) Low Earth Orbit Military Communication In orbit Successful
Template:FlagiconKosmos 336 (Strela-1M #8) Low Earth Orbit Military Communication In orbit Successful
28 April Template:FlagiconVostok-2M Template:FlagiconSite 41/1, Plesetsk
Template:Flagicon Meteor-1 4 Medium Earth Meteorology In orbit Successful

May

12 May Template:FlagiconVoskhod Template:FlagiconSite 41/1, Plesetsk
Template:FlagiconKosmos 344 (Zenit-2 #81) GRU Low Earth Orbit Reconnaissance In orbit Successful
20 May Template:FlagiconVoskhod Template:FlagiconSite 31/6, Baikonur
Template:FlagiconKosmos 345 (Zenit-4 #71) GRU Low Earth Orbit Reconnaissance In orbit Successful
20 May Template:Flagicon Thorad-SLV2H Agena-D Template:FlagiconVandenberg SLC-3W
Template:Flagicon OPS 4720 KH-4B 1110 CIA Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Successful
Template:Flagicon OPS 8520 Tripos 4 / Sousea 3 USAF Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Successful
22 May Template:FlagiconKosmos-2 Template:Flagicon Plesetsk Site 133/1
Template:Flagicon DS-P1-Yu #32 Yuzhnoye Low Earth Orbit Radar calibration In orbit Failure

June

1 June
19:00 		Template:Flagicon Soyuz (R-7/A-2) Template:Flagicon Baikonur Site 1 Template:Flagicon RVSN
Template:Flagicon Soyuz 9 RVSN Low Earth Crewed Orbital Spaceflight 19 June 1970
11:58		 Successful
Longest Crewed flight involving only one spacecraft. (As of 09/06/06)
1 June
19:00 		Template:Flagicon Black Arrow Template:Flagicon Woomera Template:Flagicon RAE
Template:Flagicon Orba RAE Low Earth Micrometeoroid detection satellite In orbit Failure
First British attempt to launch a satellite. Failed to reach orbit after premature 2nd stage cutout.
10 June Template:FlagiconVoskhod Template:FlagiconSite 31/6, Baikonur
Template:FlagiconKosmos 346 (Zenit-4 #72) GRU Low Earth Orbit Reconnaissance In orbit Successful
12 June Europa 1 F9 Template:Flagicon Woomera LC-6A ELDO
STV 3 ELDO Low Earth Vehicle Evaluation In orbit Failure
Fairing failed to separate
12 June Template:FlagiconKosmos-2 Template:Flagicon Kapustin Yar
Template:FlagiconKosmos 347 (DS-P1-Yu #33) Yuzhnoye Low Earth Orbit Radar calibration In orbit Successful
13 June Template:FlagiconKosmos 2 Template:Flagicon Plesetsk Site 133/1
Template:FlagiconKosmos 348 (DS-U2-GK #2) Yuzhnoye Low Earth Orbit Research In orbit Successful
17 June Template:FlagiconVoskhod Template:FlagiconSite 43/4, Plesetsk
Template:FlagiconKosmos 349 (Zenit-4 #73) GRU Low Earth Orbit Reconnaissance In orbit Successful
19 June Template:Flagicon Atlas-SLV3A Agena-D Template:FlagiconCape Canaveral LC-13
Template:Flagicon OPS 5346 Aquacade (Rhyolite 1) NRO / CIA Geosynchronous Reconnaissance In orbit Successful
23 June Template:FlagiconVostok-2M Template:FlagiconSite 41/1, Plesetsk
Template:Flagicon Meteor-1 5 Medium Earth Meteorology In orbit Successful
25 April Template:Flagicon Titan IIIB Agena-D Template:FlagiconVandenberg SLC-4W
Template:FlagiconOPS 6820 KH-8 4327 USAF Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Successful
26 June Template:FlagiconMolniya-M / ML Template:FlagiconSite 43/4, Plesetsk
Template:FlagiconMolniya-1 14 (Molniya-1 21L) Molniya Communication In orbit Successful
26 June Template:FlagiconVoskhod Template:FlagiconSite 31/6, Baikonur
Template:FlagiconKosmos 350 (Zenit-2M #9, Gektor #4) GRU Low Earth Orbit Reconnaissance In orbit Successful
27 June Template:FlagiconKosmos-3M Template:Flagicon Plesetsk Site 132/1
Template:FlagiconKosmos 351 (DS-P1-Yu #34) Yuzhnoye Low Earth Orbit Radar calibration In orbit Successful
27 June Template:FlagiconKosmos 2 Template:Flagicon Plesetsk Site 133/1
Template:Flagicon Strela-2M #1 Low Earth Orbit Military Communication In orbit Failure

July

7 July Template:FlagiconVoskhod Template:FlagiconSite 31/6, Baikonur
Template:FlagiconKosmos 352 (Zenit-4 #72) GRU Low Earth Orbit Reconnaissance In orbit Successful
9 July Template:FlagiconVoskhod Template:FlagiconSite 41/1, Plesetsk
Template:FlagiconKosmos 353 (Zenit-2M #4, Gektor #10) GRU Low Earth Orbit Reconnaissance In orbit Successful
21 July Template:FlagiconVoskhod Template:FlagiconSite 43/4, Plesetsk
Template:Flagicon Zenit-4 #75 GRU Low Earth Orbit Reconnaissance In orbit Failure
23 July Template:Flagicon Thorad-SLV2H Agena-D Template:FlagiconVandenberg SLC-3W
Template:FlagiconOPS 4324 KH-4B 1111 Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Successful
23 July Template:Flagicon Delta M Template:FlagiconCape Canaveral LC-17A
Template:FlagiconIntelsat III F8 Intelsat Geosynchronous Communication In orbit Successful
28 July Template:FlagiconR-36-0 Template:FlagiconSite 191/66, Baikonur
Template:FlagiconKosmos 354 (OGCh #22) Low Earth Orbit Weapon System Test In orbit Successful

August

7 August Template:FlagiconKosmos 2 Template:Flagicon Kapustin Yar
Template:Flagicon Interkosmos 3 (DS-U2-IK #1) Interkosmos Low Earth Orbit Science In orbit Successful
7 August Template:FlagiconVoskhod Template:FlagiconSite 43/4, Plesetsk
Template:FlagiconKosmos 355 (Zenit-4 #76) GRU Low Earth Orbit Reconnaissance In orbit Successful
10 August Template:FlagiconKosmos 2 Template:Flagicon Plesetsk Site 133/1
Template:FlagiconKosmos 356 (DS-U2-MG #2) Yuzhnoye Low Earth Orbit Research In orbit Successful
17 August Template:FlagiconMolniya-M / MVL Template:FlagiconSite 31/6, Baikonur
Template:Flagicon Venera 7 Heliocentric to Venus orbit Venus lander In orbit Successful
18 August Template:Flagicon Titan IIIB Agena-D Template:FlagiconVandenberg SLC-4W
Template:FlagiconOPS 7874 KH-8 4328 USAF Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Successful
19 August Template:Flagicon Delta M Template:FlagiconCape Canaveral LC-17A
Template:FlagiconSkynet 1B Ministry of Defence Geosynchronous Military Communication In orbit Successful
19 August Template:FlagiconKosmos 2 Template:Flagicon Plesetsk Site 133/1
Template:Flagicon Kosmos 357 (DS-P1-Yu #35) Yuzhnoye Low Earth Orbit Radar calibration In orbit Successful
20 August Template:FlagiconKosmos-3M Template:FlagiconPlesetsk
Template:FlagiconKosmos 358 (DS-P1-M #1) Low Earth Orbit Weapon System Test In orbit Successful
22 August Template:FlagiconMolniya-M / MVL Template:FlagiconSite 31/6, Baikonur
Template:Flagicon Kosmos 359 (Venera 8a) Heliocentric to Venus orbit Venus lander In orbit Failure
26 August Template:Flagicon Thorad-SLV2G Agena-D Template:FlagiconVandenberg SLC-1W
Template:FlagiconOPS 8329 Strawman 3 USAF Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Successful
27 August Template:FlagiconScout A Template:FlagiconVandenberg
Template:Flagicon Transit 19 US Navy Navigation In orbit Successful
29 August Template:FlagiconVoskhod Template:FlagiconSite 31/6, Baikonur
Template:FlagiconKosmos 360 (Zenit-4M #5, Rotor #5) GRU Low Earth Orbit Reconnaissance In orbit Successful

September

2 September
00:34 		Template:Flagicon Black Arrow R2 Template:Flagicon Woomera LA-5B Template:Flagicon RAE
Template:Flagicon Orba (X 2) RAE Suborbital Atmosheric density research 2 September Failure
First orbital launch attempt of Black Arrow. Second stage shut down 13 seconds earlier than intended.[1]
12 September
13:25 		Template:Flagicon Proton-K/D Template:Flagicon Baikonur 81/23 Template:Flagicon
Luna 16 Selenocentric Lunar lander 24 September Successful
First uncrewed lunar sample return, first Soviet lunar sample return
25 September
05:00 		Template:FlagiconM-4S Template:FlagiconKagoshima LP-M
Template:FlagiconMS-F1 ISAS Low Earth Solar, cosmic ray and ionosphere research 25 September Failure
First flight of M-4S. Fourth stage failed to ignite

October

20 October
19:55 		Template:Flagicon Proton-K/D Template:Flagicon Baikonur 81/23 Template:Flagicon
Zond 8 Highly elliptical Spacecraft test In orbit Successful
Final circumlunar flight of the Zond program.

November

24 November 1970
11:00 		Template:FlagiconSoyuz-L Template:FlagiconBaikonur Site 31/6 Template:Flagicon
Template:FlagiconKosmos 379 (T2K No.1) Low Earth Uncrewed test flight of LK lunar lander 21 September 1983 Successful

December

12 December
10:54 		Template:Flagicon Scout B Template:Flagicon San Marco mobile range, Kenya Template:Flagicon CNR
Template:Flagicon Explorer 42 (Uhuru) NASA Low Earth X-ray astronomy 5 April 1979 Successful
First satellite dedicated to X-ray astronomy.
Template:Flatlist

Suborbital Launches

This is a list of spaceflights launched in 1970.

Date and time (UTC) Rocket Flight number Launch site LSP
Payload Operator Orbit Function Decay (UTC) Outcome
Remarks

January-March

4 March
21:15 		Template:Flagicon Black Arrow R1 Template:Flagicon Woomera LA-5B Template:Flagicon RAE
RAE Suborbital Test flight 4 March Successful
Test flight with inert third stage. Apogee: 550 km

April-June

16 April
06:38 		Template:Flagicon Cockatoo Template:Flagicon Woomera LA-2 HAD Template:Flagicon WRE
Template:Flagicon WRE Cockatoo 101 (Sphere) WRE Suborbital Aeronomy 16 April Successful

July-September

31 July
02:00[3] 		Template:Flagicon K63D Template:Flagicon Vladimirovka test range, near Kapustin Yar
Template:Flagicon BOR-2 No.102 Suborbital Re-entry test for Spiral program 31 July Successful
Subscale model of the Spiral spaceplane.[2] Apogee: 100 km

October-December

1 October
13:46:12 		Template:Flagicon Nike Apache Template:Flagicon Barreira do Inferno Template:Flagicon MORABA
Template:Flagicon DLR N-NA-30 DLR Suborbital Ionospheric research 1 October Successful
31 October
10:32 		Template:Flagicon Aerobee 170 Template:Flagicon White Sands Missile Range Template:Flagicon NASA
Template:Flagicon UVT-SDGS 3 NASA Suborbital UV astronomy 31 October Successful

Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Launches from the Moon

Date and time (UTC) Rocket Flight number Launch site LSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat) 		Operator Orbit Function Decay (UTC) Outcome
Remarks
21 September
7:43 		Template:Flagicon Luna 16 Ascent stage Mare Fecunditatis (Luna)
Template:Flagicon Luna 16 Return capsule Template:Flagicon Highly elliptical Sample return 24 September 1970 Successful
First uncrewed lunar sample return mission

Deep Space Rendezvous

Date (GMT) Spacecraft Event Remarks
11 April 1970 Apollo 13 S-IVB stage Impacted the Moon
15 April Apollo 13 Lunar flyby at Script error: No such module "convert". Intended lunar landing, forced to abort and return to Earth using lunar free return trajectory
20 September Luna 16 100gm from Mare Fecunditatis First sample return mission
24 October Zond 8 Circumlunar flight of the Moon Script error: No such module "convert".
17 November Luna 17 Delivered Lunokhod 1 at Mare Imbrium First robotic Lunar rover
15 December Venera 7 Atmospheric probe worked for 23 min on the Venerian surface First soft landing on another planet

References

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Footnotes

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Orbital launches in 1970

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