1923 in India

Incumbents

National income - Template:INR29,403 million
Jan 1 - The Swaraj Party was established by CR Das and Motilal Nehru
The Madras Province Swarajya Party was established under the leadership of S. Sathyamurthy and S. Srinivasa Iyengar.
May 1 – Rahula College is established in Ceylon, under the name of "Parakramabhahu Vidyalaya".
Nov, 1923 - General Elections held

4 January – Mohan Lall Shrimal, chief justice of Sikkim.
10 March – Ranjit Lal Jetley, soldier and scientist (died 2018).
21 March – Nirmala Srivastava, founder of Sahaja Yoga(died 2011).
5 April – M. Sarada Menon, psychiatrist and social worker (died 2021).
14 May – Mrinal Sen, producer of Bollywood films (died 2018).
15 May – Johnny Walker, actor of Bollywood films (died 2003).
23 May – Ranajit Guha, historian (died 2023).
28 May – N. T. Rama Rao, actor, director, producer, and politician (died 1996).
9 June – Idris Hasan Latif, chief of the Air Staff (died 2018).
17 June – Sukh Dev, chemist (died 2024).
9 July – Kovilan, novelist. (died 2010).
22 July – Mukesh, playback singer (died 1976).
28 July – H. S. S. Lawrence, educationalist.
1 September – Habib Tanvir, playwright, theatre director, poet and actor.(died 2009)
16 September – Ki. Rajanarayanan, folklorist and writer (died 2021)
26 September – Dev Anand, actor and film producer.(died 2011)
26 October – Ram Prakash Gupta, Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh and governor of Madhya Pradesh (died 2004).
9 November – Keshub Mahindra, businessman (died 2023).
25 December – Swami Satyananda Saraswati, founder of Satyananda Yoga and Bihar Yoga (died 2009).