107th United States Congress
Template:Short description Template:Use American EnglishTemplate:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox United States Congress
The 107th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 2001, to January 3, 2003, during the final weeks of the Clinton presidency and the first two years of the George W. Bush presidency. The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1990 United States census.
The House of Representatives had a Republican majority throughout the session, while the Senate was tied 50–50 for only the second time in history resulting in numerous changes in the majority. Vice President Al Gore gave Democrats a majority for 17 days, then a Republican majority after Dick Cheney became Vice President on January 20, 2001. Senator Jim Jeffords (R-VT) became an independent who caucused with the Democrats on June 6, 2001, giving the party a 51–49 majority for the rest of the Congress.
When Bush was sworn in as president on January 20, the Republicans held a federal trifecta for the first time since the 83rd Congress in 1955.
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Major events
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- January 3, 2001: The 107th Congress officially begins, with the Senate split 50–50. Democrat Al Gore — the outgoing Vice President — briefly gives the Democrats a majority.
- January 3, 2001: First Lady Hillary Clinton, wife of outgoing President Bill Clinton, became the first, and, to date, only presidential spouse to hold political office (briefly serving as both First Lady and Senator).
- January 6, 2001: A joint session to count the presidential Electoral College votes of the 2000 presidential election.
- January 20, 2001: George W. Bush was sworn in as the 43rd President of the United States; simultaneously, Dick Cheney was sworn in as the 46th Vice President, giving Republicans a Senate majority.
- February 27, 2001: President Bush addressed a joint session of Congress.
- May 24, 2001: Senator Jim Jeffords left the Republican Party, becoming an independent who caucused with the Democrats, giving them a majority from June 6.[1]
- September 11, 2001: The September 11 attacks occurred.
- September 20, 2001: President Bush addressed a joint session of Congress, announcing the investigation into the September 11 attacks.
- October 7, 2001: Operation Enduring Freedom began with airstrikes against the Taliban.
- October 9, 2001: Anthrax spores were mailed to, among others, two Senators, Majority Leader Tom Daschle (D-SD) and Patrick Leahy (D-VT).
- December 2001: Accounting scandals arise from the financial practices of Enron and WorldCom.
- June 12, 2002: John Howard, the Prime Minister of Australia, addressed a joint session of Congress. The address was originally scheduled for September 12, 2001, but was postponed after the September 11 attacks.
- September 6, 2002: Over 300 members of both houses of Congress meet in Federal Hall, New York City, to mark the first anniversary of the September 11 attacks and memorialize the victims.[2]
- October 25, 2002: Senator Paul Wellstone (D-MN), dies in a plane crash, and non-caucusing Independence Party member Dean Barkley is appointed to hold the seat until a special election was held.
- November 23, 2002: Jim Talent wins the United States Senate special election for a Missouri seat, giving Republicans the majority once again (though formal reorganization was delayed until the 108th United States Congress convened).
Major legislation
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- June 7, 2001: Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act, Pub. L. Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=html Template:Trim–Template:Trim (text) Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=pdf&.pdf (PDF), 115 Stat. 38
- September 18, 2001: Authorization for Use of Military Force of 2001, Pub.L. 107-40
- September 22, 2001: Air Transportation Safety and System Stabilization Act, Pub.L. 107-42
- September 28, 2001: Jordan–United States Free Trade Agreement, Pub.L. 107-43
- October 26, 2001: "USA PATRIOT" Act, Pub. L. Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=html Template:Trim–Template:Trim (text) Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=pdf&.pdf (PDF), 115 Stat. 272
- October 27, 2001: International Money Laundering Abatement and Financial Anti-Terrorism Act of 2001, Pub.L. 107-57
- November 19, 2001: Aviation and Transportation Security Act, Pub.L. 107-71
- December 18, 2001: MD-Care Act, Pub.L. 107-84
- December 21, 2001: Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act of 2001, Pub.L. 107-99
- January 8, 2002: No Child Left Behind Act, Pub. L. Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=html Template:Trim–Template:Trim (text) Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=pdf&.pdf (PDF), 115 Stat. 1425
- January 8, 2002: District of Columbia Police Coordination Amendment Act of 2001, Pub.L. 107-113
- January 11, 2002: Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act, Pub. L. Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=html Template:Trim–Template:Trim (text) Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=pdf&.pdf (PDF), 115 Stat. 2356
- March 9, 2002: Job Creation and Worker Assistance Act, Pub. L. Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=html Template:Trim–Template:Trim (text) Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=pdf&.pdf (PDF), 116 Stat. 21
- March 27, 2002: Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (McCain-Feingold), Pub. L. Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=html Template:Trim–Template:Trim (text) Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=pdf&.pdf (PDF), 116 Stat. 81
- May 13, 2002: Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002, Pub. L. Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=html Template:Trim–Template:Trim (text) Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=pdf&.pdf (PDF), 116 Stat. 134
- May 14, 2002: Hematological Cancer Research Investment and Education Act, Pub.L. 107-172
- May 14, 2002: Enhanced Border Security and Visa Entry Reform Act of 2002, Pub.L. 107-173
- May 15, 2002: Notification and Federal Employee Antidiscrimination and Retaliation (No-FEAR) Act of 2002, Pub.L. 107-174
- July 30, 2002: Sarbanes–Oxley Act, Pub. L. Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=html Template:Trim–Template:Trim (text) Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=pdf&.pdf (PDF), 116 Stat. 745
- August 5, 2002: Born-Alive Infants Protection Act of 2002, Pub.L. 107-207
- August 6, 2002: Trade Act of 2002, Pub. L. Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=html Template:Trim–Template:Trim (text) Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=pdf&.pdf (PDF), 116 Stat. 933
- October 1, 2002: National Construction Safety Team Act, Pub.L. 107-231
- October 16, 2002: Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq, Pub. L. Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=html Template:Trim–Template:Trim (text) Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=pdf&.pdf (PDF), 116 Stat. 1497
- October 21, 2002: Sudan Peace Act, Pub. L. Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=html Template:Trim–Template:Trim (text) Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=pdf&.pdf (PDF), 116 Stat. 1504
- October 29, 2002: Help America Vote Act, Pub. L. Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=html Template:Trim–Template:Trim (text) Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=pdf&.pdf (PDF), 116 Stat. 1666
- November 6, 2002: Rare Diseases Act of 2002, Pub.L. 107-280
- November 25, 2002: Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002, Pub.L. 107-295
- November 25, 2002: Homeland Security Act, Pub. L. Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=html Template:Trim–Template:Trim (text) Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=pdf&.pdf (PDF), 116 Stat. 2135
- November 26, 2002: Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002, Pub.L. 107-297
- December 17, 2002: E-Government Act of 2002, Pub. L. Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=html Template:Trim–Template:Trim (text) Template:Trim/public/Template:Trim?link-type=pdf&.pdf (PDF), 116 Stat. 2899
Party summary
Senate
| Party (Shading indicates party control)
|
Total | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | ||||
| Democratic | Independent | Independence | Republican | Vacant | |||
| End of previous Congress |
46 | 0 | 0 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 54 | 100 | 0 | |
| BeginTemplate:Efn | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 50 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 100 | 0 | |
| January 20, 2001Template:Efn | 50 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 50 | |||||
| June 6, 2001Template:Efn | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 50 | rowspan=3 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 1 | 49 | ||||
| October 25, 2002Template:Efn | rowspan=2 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 49 | 99 | 1 | ||||
| November 4, 2002Template:Efn | 1 | 100 | 0 | ||||
| November 23, 2002Template:Efn | 48 | 1 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 50 | ||||
| November 30, 2002Template:Efn | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 49 | 99 | 1 | ||||
| December 2, 2002Template:Efn | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 50 | 100 | 0 | ||||
| Final voting share | 49% | 1% | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 50% | ||||
| Beginning of the next Congress |
48 | 1 | 0 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 51 | 100 | 0 | |
House of Representatives
| Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
|
Total | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | colspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | ||||
| Democratic | Independent | Republican | Vacant | |||
| caucused with Democrats |
caucused with Republicans | |||||
| End of previous Congress | 208 | 1 | 1 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 222 | 432 | 3 |
| Begin | 211 | 1 | rowspan=14 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 1 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 221 | 434 | 1 |
| January 31, 2001 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" rowspan=2 | 220 | 433 | 2 | |||
| March 30, 2001 | 210 | 432 | 3 | |||
| May 15, 2001 | rowspan=3 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 221 | 433 | 2 | |||
| May 28, 2001 | 209 | 432 | 3 | |||
| June 5, 2001 | 210 | 433 | 2 | |||
| June 19, 2001 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 222 | 434 | 1 | |||
| August 5, 2001 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 221 | 433 | 2 | |||
| August 16, 2001 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 220 | 432 | 3 | |||
| September 6, 2001 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 219 | 431 | 4 | |||
| October 16, 2001 | 211 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 220 | 433 | 2 | ||
| November 20, 2001 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 221 | 434 | 1 | |||
| December 18, 2001 | rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 222 | 435 | 0 | |||
| July 24, 2002 | 210 | 434 | 1 | |||
| August 1, 2002 | 0 | rowspan=4 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 223 | ||||
| September 9, 2002 | 209 | 433 | 2 | |||
| September 28, 2002 | 208 | 432 | 3 | |||
| November 30, 2002 | 209 | 433 | 2 | |||
| Final voting share | 48.5% | colspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 51.5% | ||||
| Beginning of the next Congress | 205 | 1 | 0 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 229 | 435 | 0 |
Leadership
Senate
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- President: Al Gore (D), until January 20, 2001
- Dick Cheney (R), from January 20, 2001
- President pro tempore: Robert Byrd (D), until January 20, 2001
- Strom Thurmond (R), January 20 – June 6, 2001
- Robert Byrd (D), from June 6, 2001
Republican leadership
- Minority Leader: Trent Lott (R), until January 20, 2001, and from June 6, 2001
- Majority leader January 20 – June 6, 2001
- Minority Whip: Don Nickles (R), until January 20, 2001, and from June 6, 2001
- Majority whip January 20 – June 6, 2001
- Republican Conference Chairman: Rick Santorum
- Republican Conference Secretary: Kay Bailey Hutchison
- Republican Campaign Committee Chair: Bill Frist
- Republican Policy Committee Chairman: Larry Craig
Democratic leadership
- Majority Leader: Tom Daschle (D), until January 20, 2001, and from June 6, 2001
- Minority leader January 20 – June 6, 2001
- Majority Whip: Harry Reid (D), until January 20, 2001, and from June 6, 2001
- Minority whip January 20 – June 6, 2001
- Democratic Policy Committee Chairman: Byron Dorgan
- Democratic Conference Secretary: Barbara Mikulski
- Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Patty Murray
- Democratic Chief Deputy Whip: John Breaux
House of Representatives
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- Speaker: Dennis Hastert (R)
Majority (Republican) leadership
- Majority Leader: Dick Armey
- Majority Whip: Tom DeLay
- Chief Deputy Whip: Roy Blunt
- Republican Conference Chairman: J. C. Watts
- Republican Conference Vice-Chairman: Deborah Pryce
- Republican Conference Secretary: Barbara Cubin
- Policy Committee Chairman: Christopher Cox
- Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: Thomas M. Davis
- House Rules Committee Chairman: David Dreier
Minority (Democratic) leadership
- Minority Leader: Dick Gephardt
- Minority Whip: David E. Bonior, until January 15, 2002
- Nancy Pelosi, from January 15, 2002
- Chief Deputy Minority Whips: John Lewis, Ed Pastor, Max Sandlin & Maxine Waters
- Democratic Caucus Chairman: Martin Frost
- Democratic Caucus Vice Chairman: Bob Menendez
- Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Nita Lowey
Members
Senate
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- Alabama
- Alaska
- Arizona
- Arkansas
- California
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Delaware
- Florida
- Georgia
- Hawaii
- Idaho
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Iowa
- Kansas
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- Missouri
- Montana
- Nebraska
- Nevada
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New York
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Ohio
- Oklahoma
- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- Tennessee
- Texas
- Utah
- Vermont
- Virginia
- Washington
- West Virginia
- Wisconsin
- WyomingTemplate:TOC bottom
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House of Representatives
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- Alabama
- Alaska
- Arizona
- Arkansas
- California
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Delaware
- Florida
- Georgia
- Hawaii
- Idaho
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Iowa
- Kansas
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- Missouri
- Montana
- Nebraska
- Nevada
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New York
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Ohio
- Oklahoma
- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- Tennessee
- Texas
- Utah
- Vermont
- Virginia
- Washington
- West Virginia
- Wisconsin
- Wyoming
- Non-voting membersTemplate:TOC bottom
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Changes in membership
Senate
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|- | Vermont (1) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Jim Jeffords (R) | Incumbent changed party and joined the Democratic caucus. | nowrap Template:Party shading/Independent | Jim Jeffords (I) | June 6, 2001
|-
| Minnesota (2)
| nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Paul Wellstone (D)
| Incumbent died October 25, 2002.
Successor appointed to serve the remaining two months of the term.
| nowrap style="background:Template:Party color" | Dean Barkley (IMN)
| November 4, 2002
|-
| Missouri (1)
| nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Jean Carnahan (D)
| Interim appointee lost election.
Successor elected November 5, 2002.
| nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Jim Talent (R)
| November 23, 2002
|-
| Texas (2)
| nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Phil Gramm (R)
| Incumbent resigned November 30, 2002, to give successor seniority advantages.
Successor appointed on December 2, 2002, having already been elected to the next term.[3][4]
| nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | John Cornyn (R)
| December 2, 2002
|-
| Alaska (3)
| nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Frank Murkowski (R)
| Incumbent resigned December 2, 2002, to become Governor of Alaska.
Successor appointed to remainder of the term ending January 3, 2005.
| nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Lisa Murkowski (R)
| December 20, 2002
|}
House of Representatives
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|-
| Template:Ushr
| Vacant
| Incumbent Julian Dixon (D) had died December 8, 2000, before the beginning of this Congress.
A special election was held June 5, 2001.
| nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Diane Watson (D)
| June 5, 2001
|-
| Template:Ushr
| nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Bud Shuster (R)
| Incumbent resigned, effective January 31, 2001.
A special election was held May 15, 2001.
| nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Bill Shuster (R)
| May 15, 2001
|-
| Template:Ushr
| nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Norman Sisisky (D)
| Incumbent died March 30, 2001.
A special election was held June 19, 2001.
| nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Randy Forbes (R)
| June 19, 2001
|-
| Template:Ushr
| nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Joe Moakley (D)
| Incumbent died May 28, 2001.
A special election was held October 16, 2001.
| nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Stephen Lynch (D)
| October 16, 2001
|-
| Template:Ushr
| nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Asa Hutchinson (R)
| Incumbent resigned August 5, 2001, to head the Drug Enforcement Administration.
A special election was held November 20, 2001.
| nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | John Boozman (R)
| November 20, 2001
|-
| Template:Ushr
| nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Floyd Spence (R)
| Incumbent died August 16, 2001.
A special election was held December 18, 2001.
| nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Joe Wilson (R)
| December 18, 2001
|-
| Template:Ushr
| nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Joe Scarborough (R)
| Incumbent resigned, effective September 6, 2001.
A special election was held October 16, 2001.
| nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Jeff Miller (R)
| October 16, 2001
|-
| Template:Ushr
| nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Steve Largent (R)
| Incumbent resigned, effective February 15, 2002, to concentrate on his campaign for governor.
A special election was held January 8, 2002.
| nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | John Sullivan (R)
| February 15, 2002
|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Jim Traficant (D) | Incumbent expelled July 24, 2002, for criminal conviction of 10 counts of bribery, racketeering, and tax evasion. | Vacant | Not filled for remainder of Congress
|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap Template:Party shading/Independent | Virgil Goode (I) | Incumbent changed party. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Virgil Goode (R) | August 1, 2002
|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Tony P. Hall (D) | Incumbent resigned September 9, 2002, after he was appointed to be the U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. | Vacant | Not filled for remainder of Congress
|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Patsy Mink (D) | Incumbent died September 28, 2002, but was elected posthumously on November 5, 2002. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Ed Case (D) | November 30, 2002
|}
Committees
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Joint committees
- Economic (Chair: Rep. Jim Saxton, Vice Chair: Sen. Jack Reed)
- Taxation (Chair: Rep. Bill Thomas, Vice Chair: Sen. Max Baucus)
- The Library (Chair: Rep. Vernon J. Ehlers, Vice Chair: Sen. Chris Dodd)
- Printing (Chair: Sen. Mark Dayton, Vice Chair: Rep. Robert W. Ney)
Caucuses
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Employees
Legislative branch agency directors
- Architect of the Capitol: Alan M. Hantman
- Attending Physician of the United States Congress: John F. Eisold
- Comptroller General of the United States: David M. Walker
- Director of the Congressional Budget Office: Dan Crippen
- Librarian of Congress: James H. Billington
- Public Printer of the United States: Michael F. DiMario, until 2002
- Bruce James, from 2002
Senate
- Chaplain: Lloyd John Ogilvie (Presbyterian)
- Curator: Diane K. Skvarla
- Historian: Richard A. Baker
- Parliamentarian: Bob Dove, until May 2001
- Alan Frumin, May 2001 - end
- Secretary: Gary Lee Sisco, until July 11, 2001
- Jeri Thomson, July 12, 2001 - end
- Librarian: Greg Harness
- Sergeant at Arms: James W. Ziglar, until August 2, 2001
- Alfonso E. Lenhardt, September 4, 2001 - end
- Secretary for the Majority / Minority:
- Martin P. Paone (Democrats)
- Elizabeth B. Letchworth (Republicans)
- David J. Schiappa (Republicans)
House of Representatives
- Chaplain: Daniel P. Coughlin (Roman Catholic)
- Chief Administrative Officer: James M. Eagen III
- Clerk: Jeff Trandahl
- Parliamentarian: Charles W. Johnson
- Reading Clerks:
- Mary Kevin Niland (D)
- Paul Hays (R)
- Sergeant at Arms: Wilson Livingood
- Inspector General: Steven McNamara
See also
- List of new members of the 107th Congress
- 2000 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
- 2002 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
Notes
References
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External links
- United States 107th Congress Web Archive from the U.S. Library of Congress
- Congress.gov
- History, Art and Archives from the United States House of Representatives
- Statistics & Lists from the United States Senate
- Booknotes interview with Tom Daschle on Like No Other Time: The 107th Congress and the Two Years That Changed America, November 30, 2003.
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