.es
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.es is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Spain administered by the Network Information Centre of Spain.
Server
The .es domain does not have a conventional WHOIS server operating on port 43, but WHOIS queries can be made using a page on ESNIC's website.
Registration
Registrations are permitted at the second level or at the third level beneath various generic second level categories.
Some qualifications and restrictions apply to third-level registrations depending on which second-level domain they are within.
Second-level registrations have had some limitations including requiring registrants to have a connection with Spain, but these restrictions were lifted in a multi-stage process completed by the end of 2005, at which point registrations at the second level of .es were open to anybody worldwide.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Until the liberalization in November 2005, registering in .es was expensive and encumbered compared to other ccTLDs.
The second-level word had to be either a trade mark valid in Spain, the exact name of the registering business or association, or the first name and at least the first surname of the registering individual.
Common words and placenames were unregisterable.
There was also a requirement of a minimum of three characters in the name, though some exceptions like hp.es (Hewlett-Packard Spain) and pp.es (People's Party) were allowed.
Second-level domains
There are a number of second-level domains:
| Domain | Status | Intended users |
|---|---|---|
| .com.es | Open | Commercial entities |
| .nom.es | Personal entitles | |
| .org.es | Noncommercial organizations | |
| .gob.es | Restricted | Government |
| .edu.es | Educational institutions |
Alternatives
As an alternative, many Spanish organizations registered under .com, .org or .net. While being generic top-level domains, organisations may also use one or more other regional variants below:[1]
| Domain | Region | Related language | Related culture |
|---|---|---|---|
| .cat | File:Flag of Catalonia.svg Catalonia | Catalan | Catalan culture |
| .bcn | Template:Country data Barcelona | ||
| .eus | File:Flag of the Basque Country.svg Basque Country | Basque | Basque culture |
| .gal | File:Flag of Galicia.svg Galicia | Galician | Galician culture |
Domain hacks
Although very popular in Spain for its intended use, .es has been used for domain hacks such as geociti.es, a website mirroring GeoCities; adspac.es, a mobile-based advertising firm; thelettervsixtim.es, for the game VVVVVV; and iTun.es for iTunes Ping URL shortening.
References
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External links
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