.рф

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Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox Top level domain The domain name Template:Langx (romanized as .rf; abbreviation of Template:Langx) is the Cyrillic country code top-level domain for the Russian Federation, in the Domain Name System of the Internet. In the Domain Name System it has the ASCII DNS name <templatestyles src="Mono/styles.css" />xn--p1ai. The domain accepts only Cyrillic subdomain applications, and is the first Cyrillic implementation of the Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications (IDNA) system. The domain became operational on 13 May 2010.[1] since 2014Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". it is the most used internationalized country code top-level domain, with around 900,000 domain names.[2]

Character set

The Cyrillic letters Template:Langx Template:Langx, or the Russian Federation. The domain has an ASCII representation of xn--p1ai derived as Punycode for use in the Domain Name System.

The domain is intended for Internet resources with names in the Russian language using Cyrillic.[3]

A principle in the approval process of ICANN Generic Names Supporting Organization (GNSO) states that Cyrillic two-character top-level domains should not exclusively use characters that could be confused with Latin characters of identical or similar shapes—not just those containing the seven letters Template:Langx, Template:Langx, Template:Langx, Template:Langx, Template:Langx, Template:Langx and Template:Langx, but originally also proposed ccTLDs such as Template:Langx (Bulgaria) due to its visual similarity to .br,[4] although in 2016 the top-level domain Template:Langx was launched. As such, GNSO sought to avoid the direct transcription of "ru" into Cyrillic, "Template:Langx",[5] and common abbreviations for Russia (Template:Langx), such as "Template:Langx", in order to avoid confusion with the Latin ccTLDs .py (Paraguay) and .po (currentlyTemplate:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". unassigned). In English sources Template:Langx can be romanized as .rf, but the latter is not a valid domain for Russia. Later, other countries have won approval of two or three letter Cyrillic ccTLDs such as Template:Langx, Template:Langx, Template:Langx, Template:Langx, Template:Langx, Template:Langx and Template:Langx.

Early preparations

The preparation, development, and technical testing of the domain started in 2007 by registrar RU Center.[6] The domain delegation process started in November 2009 as an application to ICANN under the new Fast Track IDN ccTLD process. The domain is expected to be launched in 2010. In preparation for a launch, RU Center opened a sunrise registration period for Russian trademark owners from 25 November 2009 to 25 March 2010.[7] General public registrations are planned starting 20 April 2010 through June 2010 using a Dutch auction process, and at a fixed price beginning in July 2010.

In January 2010 ICANN announced that the domain was one of the first four new non-Latin ccTLDs to have passed the Fast Track String Evaluation within the domain application process.[8]

In a press release in December 2007, Alexei Lesnikov of RU-Center suggested that an auction for domain names could be highly successful, as was the case with a similar domain name auction on the .su ccTLD.[3]

With comparisons being made with an equivalent Chinese TLD of Template:Langx, it was anticipated that take-up of a Russian Cyrillic TLD could outstrip demand for the Latin alphabet equivalent, .ru.[3] since 2014Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". however, .ru has five times as many registrations as Template:Langx.

First use

The top-level domain became operational on the Internet on 13 May 2010.[1] The first two accessible sites were Template:Langx (president) and Template:Langx (government).[9]

Related domains

The traditional country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Russia, based on the ISO country codes, is <templatestyles src="Mono/styles.css" />ru. There is no direct mapping of subdomains between Template:Langx and <templatestyles src="Mono/styles.css" />ru, they are independent domains hosting potentially different resources. However, many resources may use URL redirection or DNS pointers to provide mapping between the name spaces. For example, the URLs Template:Langx (prezident) redirects to kremlin.ru, and Template:Langx (Yandex) redirects to yandex.ru.

Second-level domains

The second-level domain names are registered directly with user-defined names, such as company names. There are no standardized category names (such as com or org) used on the second level. The second-level domain names are only intended to have Cyrillic characters, but some have Latin characters (e.g., Template:Langx), or digits instead (e.g., Template:Langx) For the third-level names, it is fairly common that "www" (Latin characters) are used, but most main company addresses do not use any third-level name.

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  3. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Template:In lang Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

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