Declaration of independence

A declaration of independence is an assertion by a polity in a defined territory that it is independent and constitutes a state. Such places are usually declared from part or all of the territory of another state or failed state, or are breakaway territories from within the larger state. In 2010, the UN's International Court of Justice ruled in an advisory opinion in Kosovo that "International law contains no prohibition on declarations of independence", though the state from which the territory wishes to secede may regard the declaration as rebellion, which may lead to a war of independence or a constitutional settlement to resolve the crisis.

List of declarations of independence

State	Declaration	Date	Association	Signatories	First recognizing state(s)
Template:Flagicon image Albania	Albanian Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Ottoman Empire	Assembly of Vlorë	Template:Country data Austria-Hungary
Template:Flagcountry	Declaration of Independence of Armenia	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry	Armenian National Congress (1917), Armenian Revolutionary Federation	Template:Flagcountry
Template:Flagcountry	Declaration of State Sovereignty of Armenia	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Soviet Union	Levon Ter-Petrosyan and Supreme Council of Armenia secretary Ara Sahakian	Template:Flagcountry
Template:Flagcountry	Proclamation of the Nagorno Karabakh Republic	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Soviet Union	Nagorno-Karabakh Regional and Shahumyan District Councils of People's Deputies of the Azerbaijan SSR
Template:Country data Azawad	Azawadi Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Mali	National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad
Template:Country data Azerbaijan	Declaration of Independence of Azerbaijan	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry	Azerbaijani National Council	Template:Country data Ottoman Empire
Template:Country data Azerbaijan	Act on Restoration of State Independence of Azerbaijan	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Soviet Union	Supreme Council of Azerbaijan	Template:Country data Turkey
Template:Country data Bangladesh	Proclamation of Bangladeshi Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Pakistan	Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh	Template:Country data Bhutan
Template:Country data Belarus	Third Constituent Charter	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry	Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic
Template:Noflag	Announcement of the Declaration of Independence of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Byelorussia	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Poland	Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Byelorussia, trade unions	Template:Flagcountry
Template:Country data BSSR	Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Soviet Union	Supreme Soviet of the BSSR	Template:Country data Turkey
Template:Country data Belgium	Belgian Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry	Provisional Government of Belgium
Template:Flagcountry	Bosnian Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry		Template:Country data Bulgaria
Template:Flagicon image Bougainville	Bougainville Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Papua New Guinea	Bougainville Interim Government
Template:Flagcountry	Declaration of the Independence of Brazil	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Portugal	Pedro I of Brazil	Template:Country data United States
Template:Country data Bulgaria	Bulgarian Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Ottoman Empire	Ferdinand of Bulgaria and the Government of Bulgaria	Template:Flagcountry
Template:Country data Burma	Burmese Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Country data United Kingdom
Template:Country data Catalonia	Declaration of the Catalan Republic as a state of the Iberian Federation	Template:DTS	Template:Flagicon image Spain	Francesc Macià, Generalitat Government of Catalonia
Template:Country data Catalonia	Declaration of the Catalan state within the Federal Republic of Spain	Template:DTS	Template:Flagicon image Spain	Lluís Companys, Generalitat Government of Catalonia
Template:Country data Catalonia	Declaration from the representatives of Catalonia as the Catalan Republic	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Spain
Template:Flagcountry(present day Template:Country data Costa Rica Template:Country data El Salvador Template:Country data Guatemala Template:Country data Honduras Template:Country data Nicaragua)	Act of Independence of Central America	Template:DTS	Template:Flagicon image Spain
Template:Country data Chile	Chilean Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Flagicon image Spain	National Congress	Template:Country data Portugal
Template:Country data Colombia	Colombian Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Flagicon image Spain
File:Flag of the Comoros (1963–1975).svg Comoros	Comorian Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Country data France		Template:Country data Guinea
Template:Flagcountry	Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Crimea	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Ukraine	Supreme Council of Crimea	Template:Country data Russia
Template:Country data Croatia	Declaration of the Establishment of the Sovereign and Independent Republic of Croatia	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry		Template:Country data Iceland
Template:Country data Czechoslovakia	Czechoslovak Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Austria-Hungary	Czechoslovak National Council	Template:Country data United States
Template:Country data Dominican Republic	Dominican Act of Independence (1844)	Template:DTS	Template:Flagicon image Haiti		Template:Country data United Kingdom
Template:Country data East Timor	East Timorese declaration of independence	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Portugal		Template:Country data Morocco
Template:Country data Egypt	Unilateral Declaration of Egyptian Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Country data United Kingdom	Unilateral grant of independence by the British government	Template:Country data United Kingdom
Template:Country data Estonia	Estonian Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry Template:Flagcountry	Estonian Salvation Committee	Template:Flagcountry
Template:Country data Estonia	Estonian Reconfirmation of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Soviet Union	Congress of Estonia	Template:Country data Iceland (reconfirmed earlier recognition)
Template:Country data Finland	Finnish Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry	Parliament of Finland	Template:Flagcountry
Template:Country data First Mexican Empire (present day Template:Country data Mexico)	Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire (real independence)Template:Clarify	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Spain	Supreme Provisional Governmental Board	Template:Flagcountry
Template:Flagicon image Florida	Florida's Constitution of 1861	Template:DTS	Template:Country data United States	Florida State Legislature
Template:Flagicon image Galicia	Declaration of the Republic of Galicia	Template:DTS	Template:Flagicon image Spain
Template:Country data Democratic Republic of Georgia	Georgian Declaration of Independence, 1918	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry	Georgian National Council	Template:Flagcountry
Template:Country data Republic of Georgia	Act of Restoration of State Independence of Georgia	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Soviet Union	Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia	Template:Country data Switzerland
Template:Flagicon image Georgia, State of	Georgia's secession declaration	Template:DTS	Template:Country data United States
Template:Flagcountry	Greek Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry	First National Assembly	Template:Country data Haiti
Template:Country data Guinea-Bissau	Guinea-Bissau Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Portugal
Template:Country data Haiti	Haitian Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry	Jean-Jacques Dessalines	Template:Flagicon image France
Template:Flagicon image Hungary	Hungarian Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Flagdeco Habsburgs
Template:Country data Iceland	Icelandic Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Denmark		Template:Country data United States
Template:Country data India	Declaration of the Independence of India	Template:DTS	Template:Country data United Kingdom
Template:Country data Indonesia	Proclamation of Indonesian Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry	Sukarno & Mohammad Hatta	Template:Country data Kingdom of Egypt
Template:Flagcountry	Iraq Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Country data United Kingdom		Template:Country data United Kingdom
Template:Flagcountry	Proclamation of the Irish Republic	Template:DTS	Template:Country data United Kingdom	Provisional Government of the Irish Republic
Template:Flagicon image Irish Republic	Irish Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Country data United Kingdom	Dáil Éireann	Template:Flagcountry
Template:Country data Israel	Israeli Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Country data United Kingdom	Jewish People's Council	Template:Country data United States
Template:Flagicon image Katanga	Katangan Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Flagicon image Congo-Léopoldville
Template:Country data Korea	Korean Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry	Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea	Template:Flagcountry
Template:Flagcountry	Proclamation of the Republic of Kosova	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Serbia and Montenegro	Assembly of Kosovo	Template:Country data Albania
Template:Country data Kosovo	Kosovo declaration of independence	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Serbia Template:Country data UN Administration	"Democratically elected leaders of our people"	Template:Country data Costa Rica
Template:Country data Latvia	Latvian Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry Template:Flagcountry	People's Council of Latvia	Template:Flagcountry
Template:Country data Latvia	On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Soviet Union	Supreme Soviet of the Latvian SSR	Template:Country data Iceland
Template:Country data Liberia	Liberian Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Flagicon image American Colonization Society	Liberian Constitutional Convention	Template:Flagcountry
Template:Country data Lithuania	Act of Independence of Lithuania	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry Template:Flagcountry	Council of Lithuania	Template:Flagcountry
Template:Country data Lithuania	Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Soviet Union	Supreme Council of Lithuania	Template:Country data Iceland
Template:Flagicon image Lower Canada	Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry	Robert Nelson
Template:Flagicon image Macedonia	Independence of the Republic of Macedonia	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry		Template:Country data Bulgaria
Template:Country data Malaya (present day Malaysia)	Federation of Malaya Independence Act 1957	Template:DTS	Template:Country data United Kingdom	Tunku Abdul Rahman, Prime Minister of Malaysia	Template:Country data United Kingdom
Template:Flagicon image Mississippi	A Declaration of the Immediate Causes which Induce and Justify the Secession of the State of Mississippi from the Federal Union	Template:DTS	Template:Country data United States
Template:Country data Moldova	Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Moldova	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Soviet Union	Parliament of the Republic of Moldova	Template:Country data Romania
Template:Country data Montenegro	Montenegro declaration of independence	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Serbia and Montenegro	Assembly of the Republic of Montenegro	Template:Country data Iceland
Template:Country data Morocco	Moroccan Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Flagdeco France	Istiqlal Party
Template:Flagcountry	Act of Abjuration	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Spanish Empire	Union of Utrecht
Template:Flagicon image Northern America (present day) Template:Country data Mexico	Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Northern America	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Spain	Congress of Anáhuac
Template:Flagcountry	Declaration of Independence of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Cyprus		Template:Country data Turkey
Template:Flagicon image Northern Epirus	Northern Epirote Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Flagicon image Albania	Provisional Government of Northern Epirus
Template:Flagicon image North Solomons	Declaration of Independence of the Republic of the North Solomons	Template:DTS	Template:Flagicon image Territory of Papua and New Guinea (Australia)	Unknown	Template:Country data Vatican City
Template:Country data Norway (Kingdom of Norway)	Declaration of Independence of Norway (short afterTemplate:Clarify, sovereign under the Swedish monarchy), and the Constitution of Norway	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Denmark-Norway (As of Treaty of Kiel)	Norwegian Constituent Assembly
Template:Country data North Korea	National Liberation Day of Korea	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Japan	Kim Il Sung	Template:Country data Soviet Union
Template:Country data Padania	Padanian Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Flags Italy
Template:Country data Pakistan	Lahore Resolution	Template:DTS	Template:Country data United Kingdom	Muslim League (Pakistan)
Template:Flagcountry	Palestinian Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Flagicon image Palestinian territories Template:Country data Jordan (claimed the West Bank until 1988)	Palestinian National Council	Template:Country data Arab League
Template:Flagicon image Peru	Act of the Declaration of Independence of Peru	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Spain	José de San Martín	Template:Country data Argentina
Template:Flagicon image Philippines	Philippine Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Flagdeco Spain	98 representatives of Dictatorial Government of the Philippines (ratified on September 29, 1898, by the Malolos Congress)
Template:Flagicon image Provinces of the Río de la Plata (present-day Template:Country data Argentina Template:Country data Bolivia Template:Country data Uruguay)	Argentine Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Flagdeco Spain	Congress of Tucumán	Template:Flagcountry
Template:Flagcountry	Rhodesian Unilateral Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Country data United Kingdom	Ian Smith and the rest of the Cabinet
Template:Country data Romania	Romanian Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Ottoman Empire	King Carol I
Template:Country data Russia	Belovezha Accords	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Soviet Union	Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR
Template:Country data Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic	Bir Lehlou Declaration	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Spanish Sahara	Polisario Front	Template:Country data Madagascar
Template:Flagcountry	Declaration of Arbroath	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry	Scottish leaders
Template:Flagicon image Serbia	The Proclamation (Proglašenije/Проглашеније)	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Ottoman Empire	Karađorđe Petrović and Serbian MPs
Template:Country data Singapore	Proclamation of Singapore	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Malaysia	Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore	Template:Country data United Kingdom
Template:Country data Czechoslovakia	Martin Declaration	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Austria-Hungary	Slovak National Council	Template:Country data France
Template:Country data Slovakia	Slovak National Council's Declaration of Independence of the Slovak Nation	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Czechoslovakia	Slovak National Council
Template:Country data Slovenia	Slovenian Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry		Template:Country data Croatia
Template:Country data Somaliland	Somaliland Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Somalia
Template:Country data South Korea	National Liberation Day of Korea	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Japan	Syngman Rhee	Template:Country data United States
Template:Flagicon image South Carolina	Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union	Template:DTS	Template:Country data United States	South Carolinians in Charleston
Template:Country data Sri Lanka	Declaration of Independence of Sri Lanka (Then known as "Ceylon")	Template:DTS	Template:Country data United Kingdom
Template:Flagcountry	Texas Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Flagicon image Mexico		Template:Country data France
Template:Flagicon image Texas, State of	A Declaration of the Causes which Impel the State of Texas to Secede from the Federal Union	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry	Texas Legislature
Template:Flagcountry	Tibet's Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Flagicon image China	13th Dalai Lama	Template:Country data Bogd Khanate of Mongolia
Template:Country data Turkmenistan	About Independence and Bases of a State System of Turkmenistan	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Soviet Union	none	Template:Country data Turkey
Template:Country data Ukraine	IV Universal	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry	Central Council of Ukraine
Template:Country data Ukraine	Declaration of Independence of Ukraine	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Soviet Union	Verkhovna Rada	Template:Country data Canada Template:Country data Poland
Template:Country data United States	United States Declaration of Independence	Template:DTSTemplate:Efn-la	Template:Flagcountry	Second Continental Congress	Template:Country data Morocco
Template:Flagicon image United Tribes of New Zealand	Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand	Template:DTS	—	Māori chiefs	Template:Country data United Kingdom
Template:Country data Uzbekistan	Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Soviet Union	Supreme Council of Uzbekistan	Template:Country data Turkey
Template:Country data Venezuela	Venezuelan Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Spain	National Congress
Template:Flagcountry	Vermont Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Country data United States Template:Flagicon image British Quebec
Template:Country data Vietnam	Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam	Template:DTS	Template:Country data France	Hồ Chí Minh	Template:Country data China
Democratic Republic of the Yorubaland	Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Nigeria	Modupe Onitiri-Abiola and Ominira Yoruba Group

See also

• Independence referendum
• List of national independence days
• List of sovereign states by date of formation
• Political history of the world
• Separatism
• Unilateral declaration of independence

External links

• Template:Commons category-inline