Murree: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 03:48, 20 June 2025

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "about". Template:Use Pakistani English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Main otherScript error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Check for clobbered parameters".Template:Main other Murree (Template:Langx) is a mountain resort city in the northernmost region of the Punjab province of Pakistan. Lying in the Galyat region of the Pir Panjal Range under the western Himalayas,^[1] it forms the outskirts of the Islamabad–Rawalpindi metropolitan area and is located in the northeast of the capital city, Islamabad. The town was built in the mid 19th-century and it served as the summer capital of the British Punjab, for the British troops to escape the scorching heat in the plains of Punjab during the summer.^[2]^[3] It has an average altitude of Template:Convert.

Construction of the town was started in 1851 on the hills of Murree as a sanatorium for British troops. The permanent town of Murree was constructed in 1853 and a church was consecrated shortly thereafter. One main road was established, commonly referred to as "Mall Road". Murree was the headquarters of the colonial Government of the Punjab Province during the 1873–1875 summer; later the summer capital was moved to Shimla.Template:Sfn^[4]

Murree became a popular tourist station for British citizens of the British Raj. It is the birthplace of several prominent Britons including Bruce Bairnsfather, Francis Younghusband, Reginald Dyer and Joanna Kelley.^[5] During the colonial era, access to commercial establishments was restricted for non-Europeans.^[3] Such establishments included Lawrence College, Murree.Template:Sfn

Since the independence of Pakistan in 1947, Murree has retained its position as a popular hill station, noted for its pleasant summer weather.^[6] It is located close to the Islamabad–Rawalpindi metropolitan area from where it attracts tourists.^[7] The town also serves as a transit point for tourists visiting Azad Kashmir and Abbottabad.^[8]^[9] The town is noted for its Tudorbethan and neo-gothic architecture. The Government of Pakistan owns a summer retreat in Murree, where foreign dignitaries including heads of state often visit.^[10]^[11]

History

File:KITLV A690 - Holy Trinity Church te Murree bij Islamabad in Brits-India, KITLV 100822.tif

Murree in 1870

Murree or Marhee also spelt Marhi which means high place,^[12] as it was then called, was first identified as a potential hill station by Major James Abbott in 1847.Template:Efn When Abbott arrived at the site he wrote:

"I was probably the first Englishman that had ever set foot upon it... I saw here for the first time the magnificent mass of Mount Maachpoora of which I had heard and dreamed so much, presenting toward the River Jelum a stupendous surface of precipice. Its summit is densely covered with cedar forests and is the resort of Jogies and alchemysts from India, who hold watch there by night expecting, by dint of certain incantations and ceremonies, to discern the spirits which alight as flames of fire upon plants profes-sing alchemical properties."^[13]

The town's early development was in 1851 by the president of the Punjab Administrative Board, Sir Henry Lawrence.Template:Efn It was originally established as a sanatorium for British troops garrisoned on the Afghan frontier.Template:Sfnp Officially, the municipality was created in 1850.Template:Sfnp

File:Senior School.jpg

Senior School of the Lawrence College, Murree established in 1860 as part of the Lawrence Military Asylums Template:Sfn

The permanent town of Murree was constructed at Sunnybank in 1853. The church was sanctified in May 1857, and the main road, Jinnah Road, originally known as Mall Road and still commonly referred to as "The Mall"), was built. The most significant commercial establishments, the Post Office, general merchants with European goods, tailors and a millinery, were established opposite the church. Until 1947, access to Mall Road was restricted for "natives" (non-Europeans).

In the summer of 1857, a rebellion against the British broke out. The local tribes of Murree and Hazara, including the Dhund Abbasis and others, attacked the depleted British Army garrison in Murree; however, the tribes were ultimately overcome by the British and capitulated.Template:Sfnp From 1873 to 1875, Murree was the summer headquarters of the Punjab local government;Template:Sfnp Template:Sfn after 1876 the headquarters were moved to Shimla.Template:Sfnp

The railway connection with Lahore, the capital of the Punjab Province, via Rawalpindi, made Murree a popular resort for Punjab officials, and the villas and other houses erected for the accommodation of English families gave it a European aspect. The houses crowned the summit and sides of an irregular ridge, the neighboring hills were covered during the summer with encampments of British troops, while the station itself was filled with European visitors from the plains and travelers to Kashmir. It was connected with Rawalpindi by a service tangas.Template:Sfnp

It was described in the Gazetteer of Rawalpindi District, 1893–94 as follows:^[14]^[15]

The sanatorium of Murree lies in north latitude 33° 54′ 30″ and east longitude 73° 26′ 30″, at an elevation of Template:Convert above sea level, and contained a standing population of 1,768 inhabitants, which was, however, enormously increased during the [May–November] season by the influx of visitors and their attendant servants and shopkeepers. It is the most accessible hill station in the Punjab, being distant from Rawalpindi only a five hours' journey by tonga dak. Magnificent views are to be obtained in the spring and autumn of the snow crowned mountains of Kashmir; and gorgeous sunset and cloud effects seen daily during the rains [July–August]. Part of the station, especially the Kashmir end, are also well wooded and pretty.

File:Murree Brewery ruins LRMEXPORT 108359030569457 20200626 154855684.jpg

The ruins of the older building of Murree Brewery near Ghora Gali, originally built Template:Circa Template:Sfn

In 1901, the resident population of the town was 1,844; if summer visitors had been included this could have been as high as 10,000.Template:Sfnp

In early January 2022, more than 20 people died in their vehicles from hypothermia, after being stranded on the road during a heavy snowstorm in Murree.^[16]

Climate

File:View of Kashmir from Murree.jpg

Snow-capped mountains of Kashmir are visible from Murree

Murree features a monsoon-influenced subtropical highland climate (Cwb) under the Köppen climate classification. It is situated in the outer Himalayas, retaining high altitude. This type of area has cold, snowy winters, relatively cool summers with drastically escalated rain, in relation to lower altitudes, and frequent fog. Precipitation is received year round, with two maxima, the first one during winter and the second one at summer, July–August. Total mean precipitation annually is Template:Convert.^[17] Murree receives around Template:Convert of snow per year according to a 13-year data. Heavy snowfall starts in January and February.^[18]

Template:Weather Box

Administration

File:Murree Urban UC.svg

Location of the Union Council within the Murree region.

The city is the headquarters of the Murree District. The district has two tehsils, Kotli Sattian and Murree. In March 2022, the Punjab Government upgraded the administrative status of Murree by posting Hassan Waqar Cheema as the first Additional Deputy Commissioner (ADC). Its status was updated from tehsil to that of a district in October 2022 after the formal appointment of a Deputy Commissioner in November 2022.

However, the caretaker Punjab Government reversed the status of District in February 2023. The Lahore High Court struck down the move after which the additional charge of the Deputy Commissioner was given to the Rawalpindi Deputy Commissioner.

In September 2023, the Punjab Government posted a Deputy Commissioner in Murree. Agha Zaheer Abbas Sherazi was posted as the second ever Deputy Commissioner on 26 September 2023. The elected government post February 2024 elections decided to stick with the upgraded status of Murree considering its pivotal importance for the tourism industry.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Localities and union councils of the Murree area: Template:Div col

Template:Div col end

Military

For administrative purposes in the Rawalpindi zone, the military areas of Murree are divided into two separate cantonments; Murree Hills Cantonment and Murree Galis (Kalabagh) Cantonment.^[19] Murree houses the headquarters of the 12th Infantry Division of the Pakistan Army, several educational and training institutions, and a combined military hospital established to serve Murree and adjoining garrisons.

The Pakistan Air Force also maintains a base at Lower Topa, near Patriata, with its own military boarding school for boys, PAF Public School Lower Topa.

During the British Raj, in the hot season Murree was the headquarters of the Lieutenant General of the Northern Command. The Commissioner of the Rawalpindi Division and the Deputy Commissioner of Rawalpindi also resided here during part of the season, for which period an Assistant Commissioner was placed in charge of the subdivision consisting of Murree Tehsil. The site was selected in 1850 almost immediately after the annexation of the province, and building operations commenced at once. In 1851 temporary accommodation was provided for a detachment of troops; and in 1853 permanent barracks were erected. The regular garrison generally consisted of two mountain batteries and one battalion of infantry.

Notable people

Current

Ansar Abbasi, columnist and journalist
Francis Younghusband, explorer
Jonathan Addleton,Template:Sfn American diplomat and author
Kashif Abbasi, journalist and anchor person
Muhammad Nawaz Abbasi, former justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan and a former justice of Lahore High Court
Muhammad Waseem (cricketer)
Parikshit Sahni, Indian actor
Pushpinder Singh Chopra, aviation expert
Sadia Abbasi, politician
Shahid Khaqan Abbasi, former Prime Minister of Pakistan
Zafar Mahmood Abbasi, Chief of Naval Staff (CNS) of the Pakistan

Deceased

Reginald Dyer (1864–1927), British Army officer
Gerald Lathbury (1906–1978), British Army officer
Muhammad Riaz Khan Abbasi (d. 1979), Director-General of the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI)
Khaqan Abbasi (d. 1988), politician
Harold Hall (1913–2004), cricketer and British civil servant
Muztar Abbasi (1960-2004)
Raja Ashfaq Sarwar (1954–2020), politician

Sister Cities

Dujiangyan City, China^[20]

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

Template:Reflist

Bibliography

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Attribution:

File:Wikisource-logo.svg This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Script error: No such module "template wrapper".

External links

Template:Sister project Template:Wikivoyage

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↑ ^a ^b Script error: No such module "Footnotes".: "Murree was developed first into a sanitarium and retreat for troops, and later into a summer hill station, housing an invalid hospital, cottages for civil and military families, hotels, a brewery, and a Lawrence Memorial Asylum for the education of poor and orphaned European children."
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↑ Charles Allen, Soldier Sahibs: The Men Who Made the North-West Frontier
↑ Murree, in the Punjaub, 1863
↑ Gazetteer of Rawalpindi District, 1893–94. Page 262, Chapter. VI - TOWNS, MUNICIPALITIES AND CANTOMENTS
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[Allen-13] Charles Allen, Soldier Sahibs: The Men Who Made the North-West Frontier

[14] Murree, in the Punjaub, 1863

[15] Gazetteer of Rawalpindi District, 1893–94. Page 262, Chapter. VI - TOWNS, MUNICIPALITIES AND CANTOMENTS

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-'''Murree''' ({{Langx|ur|{{nq|مری}}}}) is a [[mountain resort]] city in the [[Murree District|eponymous district]] in the northernmost region of the [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] province of [[Pakistan]]. Lying in the [[Galyat]] region of the [[Pir Panjal Range]] under the western [[Himalayas]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rahman |first1=Amjad |last2=Gürbüz |first2=Esra |last3=Chen |first3=Jiquan |last4=Ekercin |first4=Semih |title=Spatial Diversity, Patterns of Forest Vegetation, and Sustainability Analysis of the Murree Mountains of Western Himalayas |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-73943-0_15 |journal=Biodiversity, Conservation and Sustainability in Asia |date=2022 |pages=267–286 |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-73943-0_15|isbn=978-3-030-73942-3 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> it forms the outskirts of the [[Islamabad–Rawalpindi metropolitan area]] in the northeast of the capital city, [[Islamabad]]. It has an average altitude of {{convert|2291|m|ft|0}}. The town was built in the mid 19th-century during the [[British Raj]] to escape the scorching heat in the plains of [[Punjab]] during the summer.<ref>{{harvnb|Crossette|1998|p=24}}: "Murree was founded in the 1850s as the summer capital of the British Indian army's Northern Command, and some top officials of the counterpart civilian government, also based in Rawalpindi, had seasonal residences there. Among the well-known hill stations of British India, Murree alone went to Islamic Pakistan at Partition, taking with it all the trappings of any mountain resort."</ref>
+'''Murree''' ({{Langx|ur|{{nq|مری}}}}) is a [[mountain resort]] city in the northernmost region of the [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] province of [[Pakistan]]. Lying in the [[Galyat]] region of the [[Pir Panjal Range]] under the western [[Himalayas]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rahman |first1=Amjad |last2=Gürbüz |first2=Esra |last3=Chen |first3=Jiquan |last4=Ekercin |first4=Semih |chapter=Spatial Diversity, Patterns of Forest Vegetation, and Sustainability Analysis of the Murree Mountains of Western Himalayas |title=Biodiversity, Conservation and Sustainability in Asia |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-73943-0_15 |date=2022 |pages=267–286 |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-73943-0_15|isbn=978-3-030-73942-3 |chapter-url-access=subscription }}</ref> it forms the outskirts of the [[Islamabad–Rawalpindi metropolitan area]] and is located in the northeast of the capital city, [[Islamabad]]. The town was built in the mid 19th-century and it served as the [[summer capital]] of the [[Punjab Province (British India)|British Punjab]], for the British troops to escape the scorching heat in the plains of [[Punjab]] during the summer.<ref>{{harvnb|Crossette|1998|p=24}}: "Murree was founded in the 1850s as the summer capital of the British Indian army's Northern Command, and some top officials of the counterpart civilian government, also based in Rawalpindi, had seasonal residences there. Among the well-known hill stations of British India, Murree alone went to Islamic Pakistan at Partition, taking with it all the trappings of any mountain resort."</ref><ref name="Gibson">{{harvnb|Gibson|2023|p=76}}: "Murree was developed first into a sanitarium and retreat for troops, and later into a summer hill station, housing an invalid hospital, cottages for civil and military families, hotels, a brewery, and a Lawrence Memorial Asylum for the education of poor and orphaned European children."</ref> It has an average altitude of {{convert|2291|m|ft|0}}.
-Construction of the town was started in 1851 on the hills of Murree as a [[sanatorium]] for [[British troops]]. The permanent town of Murree was constructed in 1853 and a church was consecrated shortly thereafter. One main road was established, commonly referred to as "Mall Road". Murree was the headquarters during the summer of the colonial [[Punjab (region)|Punjab]] Government until 1876 when it was moved to [[Shimla]].{{sfnp|Chisholm|1911}}<ref>{{citation |last1=Crossette |first1=Barbara |author-link=Barbara Crossette |title=Murree Journal; Hill Station Thrives, a Piece of Time Gone By |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/10/world/murree-journal-hill-station-thrives-a-piece-of-time-gone-by.html |access-date=25 April 2025 |publisher=originally published in [[The Times]]’s print archive |via=[[The New York Times]] |date=10 November 1990}}</ref>
+Construction of the town was started in 1851 on the hills of Murree as a [[sanatorium]] for [[British troops]]. The permanent town of Murree was constructed in 1853 and a church was consecrated shortly thereafter. One main road was established, commonly referred to as "Mall Road". Murree was the headquarters of the colonial Government of the [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]] during the 1873–1875 summer; later the summer capital was moved to [[Shimla]].{{sfn|Kennedy|1996|p=166}}<ref>{{citation |last1=Crossette |first1=Barbara |author-link=Barbara Crossette |title=Murree Journal; Hill Station Thrives, a Piece of Time Gone By |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/10/world/murree-journal-hill-station-thrives-a-piece-of-time-gone-by.html |access-date=25 April 2025 |publisher=originally published in [[The Times]]’s print archive |via=[[The New York Times]] |date=10 November 1990}}</ref>
-Murree became a popular tourist station for British citizens of the [[British Raj]]. It is the birthplace of several prominent Britons including [[Bruce Bairnsfather]], [[Francis Younghusband]], [[Reginald Dyer]] and [[Joanna Kelley]].<ref>{{Cite ODNB|title=Kelley [née Beadon], Joanna Elizabeth (1910–2003), prison administrator|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-89897|access-date=2020-06-25|year = 2004|language=en|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/89897}}</ref> During the colonial era, access to commercial establishments was restricted for non-Europeans. Such establishments included [[Lawrence College, Murree]].
+Murree became a popular tourist station for British citizens of the [[British Raj]]. It is the birthplace of several prominent Britons including [[Bruce Bairnsfather]], [[Francis Younghusband]], [[Reginald Dyer]] and [[Joanna Kelley]].<ref>{{Cite ODNB|title=Kelley [née Beadon], Joanna Elizabeth (1910–2003), prison administrator|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-89897|access-date=2020-06-25|year = 2004|language=en|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/89897}}</ref> During the colonial era, access to commercial establishments was restricted for non-Europeans.<ref name="Gibson" /> Such establishments included [[Lawrence College, Murree]].{{sfn|Kennedy|1996|p=136}}
-Since the [[independence of Pakistan]] in 1947, Murree has retained its position as a popular [[hill station]], noted for its pleasant summer weather. Many tourists visit the town from the [[Islamabad]]-[[Rawalpindi]] area.<ref name=Dawn>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1269846|title=Rain, tourists cause traffic jams in Murree|date=2016-07-10|newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|access-date=16 October 2021}}</ref> The town also serves as a transit point for tourists visiting [[Azad Kashmir]] and [[Abbottabad]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/743914/independence-day-festivity-plans-finalised-for-murree/|title=Independence Day: Festivity plans finalized for Murree |date=2014-08-04|newspaper=The Express Tribune|language=en-US|access-date=16 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1200394|title=Pakistanis not free to go to Murree on Independence Day|last=Asghar|first=Mohammad|date=2015-08-14|newspaper=Dawn|access-date=16 October 2021}}</ref> The town is noted for its [[Tudorbethan]] and [[Neo Gothic|neo-gothic]] architecture. The [[Government of Pakistan]] owns a summer retreat in Murree, where foreign dignitaries including heads of state often visit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/308249-Nawaz-Tajikistan-President-meet-in-Murree|title=Nawaz, Tajikistan President meet in Murree|website= Dunya TV News website|date=14 February 2008 |access-date=16 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2016/05/09/national/pm-house-rejects-imrans-murree-home-renovation-claim/|title=PM House rejects Imran's Murree 'home renovation' claim|access-date=16 October 2021|newspaper=[[Pakistan Today]]|date=9 May 2016}}</ref>
+Since the [[independence of Pakistan]] in 1947, Murree has retained its position as a popular [[hill station]], noted for its pleasant summer weather.<ref>{{cite news |title=In pictures: At leisure in the Pakistani town of Murree |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-24347177 |work=BBC |date=23 October 2013}}</ref> It is located close to the [[Islamabad–Rawalpindi metropolitan area]] from where it attracts tourists.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Abbasi |first1=Aurangzaib |title=Tourists make a beeline for Murree |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2335904/tourists-make-a-beeline-for-murree |work=The Express Tribune |date=28 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref> The town also serves as a transit point for tourists visiting [[Azad Kashmir]] and [[Abbottabad]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/743914/independence-day-festivity-plans-finalised-for-murree/|title=Independence Day: Festivity plans finalized for Murree |date=2014-08-04|newspaper=The Express Tribune|language=en-US|access-date=16 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1200394|title=Pakistanis not free to go to Murree on Independence Day|last=Asghar|first=Mohammad|date=2015-08-14|newspaper=Dawn|access-date=16 October 2021}}</ref> The town is noted for its [[Tudorbethan]] and [[Neo Gothic|neo-gothic]] architecture. The [[Government of Pakistan]] owns a summer retreat in Murree, where foreign dignitaries including heads of state often visit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/308249-Nawaz-Tajikistan-President-meet-in-Murree|title=Nawaz, Tajikistan President meet in Murree|website= Dunya TV News website|date=14 February 2008 |access-date=16 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2016/05/09/national/pm-house-rejects-imrans-murree-home-renovation-claim/|title=PM House rejects Imran's Murree 'home renovation' claim|access-date=16 October 2021|newspaper=[[Pakistan Today]]|date=9 May 2016}}</ref>
 ==History==
 [[File:KITLV A690 - Holy Trinity Church te Murree bij Islamabad in Brits-India, KITLV 100822.tif|thumb|Murree in 1870]]
-Murree or ''Marhee'' also spelt ''Marhi'' which means high place,<ref>{{cite dictionary |last=Heath |first1=John E. |author-link=John Everett-Heath |url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199580897.001.0001/acref-9780199580897-e-5014?rskey=EswHaH&result=5671&q= |title=Murree |dictionary=Oxford Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2012 |edition=2nd |access-date=16 October 2021}}</ref> as it was then called, was first identified as a potential hill station by Major [[James Abbott (Indian Army officer)|James Abbott]] in 1847.{{efn|name="abott"}}
+Murree or ''Marhee'' also spelt ''Marhi'' which means high place,<ref>{{cite dictionary |last1=Heath |first1=John E. |author-link1=John Everett-Heath |url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199580897.001.0001/acref-9780199580897-e-5014?rskey=EswHaH&result=5671&q= |title=Murree |dictionary=Oxford Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2012 |edition=2nd |access-date=16 October 2021}}</ref> as it was then called, was first identified as a potential hill station by Major [[James Abbott (Indian Army officer)|James Abbott]] in 1847.{{efn|name="abott"}} When Abbott arrived at the site he wrote:
+<blockquote>
+"I was probably the first Englishman that had ever set foot upon it... I saw here for the first time the magnificent mass of [[Mushkpuri Top|Mount Maachpoora]] of which I had heard and dreamed so much, presenting toward the River Jelum a stupendous surface of precipice. Its summit is densely covered with cedar forests and is the resort of Jogies and alchemysts from India, who hold watch there by night expecting, by dint of certain incantations and ceremonies, to discern the spirits which alight as flames of fire upon plants profes-sing alchemical properties."<ref name="Allen">Charles Allen, Soldier Sahibs: The Men Who Made the North-West Frontier</ref> </blockquote>
-The town's early development was in 1851 by the President of the Punjab Administrative Board, [[Henry Lawrence (Indian Army officer)|Sir Henry Lawrence]].{{efn|name="abott"|The earliest British discovery of Murree, like many of the adjacent hill resorts in the [[Galyat]] range of the [[Hazara region|Hazara]] region, was first made by Major [[James Abbott (Indian Army officer)|James Abbott]] in 1847. Please see [[Charles Allen (writer)|Charles Allen]] ''Soldier Sahibs: The Men who made the North West Frontier'' London: Abacus Books, 2001 p. 141, {{ISBN|0-349-11456-0}}; and ''Journals of Honoria Lawrence'' eds. J. Lawrence and A. Widdiwis, London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1980 edition. For an account of Abbott's early time in Hazara and the founding of [[Abbottabad]], see Omer Tarin and SD Najumddin, "Five Early Military Graves in the Old Christian Cemetery, Abbottabad, Pakistan, 1853–1888", in ''The Kipling Journal'' (ISSN 0023-1738) Vol 84, No 339, p.35-52}} It was originally established as a [[sanatorium]] for British troops garrisoned on the Afghan frontier.{{sfnp|Chisholm|1911}} Officially, the municipality was created in 1850.{{sfnp|Imperial Gazetteer of India|1909}}
+The town's early development was in 1851 by the president of the Punjab Administrative Board, [[Henry Lawrence (Indian Army officer)|Sir Henry Lawrence]].{{efn|name="abott"|The earliest British discovery of Murree, like many of the adjacent hill resorts in the [[Galyat]] range of the [[Hazara region|Hazara]] region, was first made by Major [[James Abbott (Indian Army officer)|James Abbott]] in 1847. Please see [[Charles Allen (writer)|Charles Allen]] ''Soldier Sahibs: The Men who made the North West Frontier'' London: Abacus Books, 2001 p. 141, {{ISBN|0-349-11456-0}}; and ''Journals of Honoria Lawrence'' eds. J. Lawrence and A. Widdiwis, London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1980 edition. For an account of Abbott's early time in Hazara and the founding of [[Abbottabad]], see Omer Tarin and SD Najumddin, "Five Early Military Graves in the Old Christian Cemetery, Abbottabad, Pakistan, 1853–1888", in ''The Kipling Journal'' (ISSN 0023-1738) Vol 84, No 339, p.35-52}} It was originally established as a [[sanatorium]] for British troops garrisoned on the Afghan frontier.{{sfnp|Chisholm|1911}} Officially, the municipality was created in 1850.{{sfnp|Imperial Gazetteer of India|1909}}
+[[File:Senior School.jpg|thumb|Senior School of the [[Lawrence College, Murree]] established in 1860 as part of the [[Lawrence Military Asylums]]{{sfn|Kennedy|p=136}}]]
 The permanent town of Murree was constructed at Sunnybank in 1853. The church was sanctified in May 1857, and the main road, Jinnah Road, originally known as Mall Road and still commonly referred to as "The Mall"), was built. The most significant commercial establishments, the Post Office, general merchants with European goods, tailors and a millinery, were established opposite the church. Until 1947, access to Mall Road was restricted for "natives" (non-Europeans).
@@ Line 93: / Line 97: @@
 <blockquote>The sanatorium of Murree lies in north latitude 33° 54′ 30″ and east longitude 73° 26′ 30″, at an elevation of {{Convert|7517|ft|m}} above sea level, and contained a standing population of 1,768 inhabitants, which was, however, enormously increased during the [May–November] season by the influx of visitors and their attendant servants and shopkeepers. It is the most accessible hill station in the Punjab, being distant from Rawalpindi only a five hours' journey by tonga dak. Magnificent views are to be obtained in the spring and autumn of the snow crowned mountains of Kashmir; and gorgeous sunset and cloud effects seen daily during the rains [July–August]. Part of the station, especially the Kashmir end, are also well wooded and pretty.</blockquote>
-In 1901, the permanent population of the town was 1,844; if summer visitors had been included this could have been as high as 10,000.{{sfnp|Chisholm|1911}}
+[[File:Murree Brewery ruins LRMEXPORT 108359030569457 20200626 154855684.jpg|thumb|The ruins of the older building of [[Murree Brewery]] near [[Ghora Gali]], originally built {{circa|1861}}{{sfn|Crossette|1998|p=25}}]]
+In 1901, the resident population of the town was 1,844; if summer visitors had been included this could have been as high as 10,000.{{sfnp|Chisholm|1911}}
-In early January 2022, [[2022 Murree snowstorm|over 20 people died]] trying to reach the town during a [[snowstorm]].
+In early January 2022, more than 20 people died in their vehicles from hypothermia, after being stranded on the road during a [[2022 Murree snowstorm|heavy snowstorm in Murree]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Suliman |first1=Adela |title=Snowstorm kills at least 22, including 10 children, on Pakistani highway after thousands are trapped in cars |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/01/08/pakistan-snow-dead-muree-tourists/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=8 January 2022}}</ref>
 ==Climate==
@@ Line 194: / Line 200: @@
 ==Administration==
 [[File:Murree Urban UC.svg|thumb|left|Location of the Union Council within the Murree region.]]
-The city is the headquarters of the [[Murree District]]. The district has two [[Tehsil|tehsils]], [[Kotli Sattian Tehsil|Kotli Sattian]] and [[Murree Tehsil|Murree]]. In March 2022, the Punjab Government upgraded the administrative status of Murree by posting Hassan Waqar Cheema as the first Additional Deputy Commissioner (ADC). Its status was updated from tehsil to that of a district in October 2022 after the formal appointment of a Deputy Commissioner in November 2022.
+The city is the headquarters of the [[Murree District]]. The district has two [[tehsil]]s, [[Kotli Sattian Tehsil|Kotli Sattian]] and [[Murree Tehsil|Murree]]. In March 2022, the Punjab Government upgraded the administrative status of Murree by posting Hassan Waqar Cheema as the first Additional Deputy Commissioner (ADC). Its status was updated from tehsil to that of a district in October 2022 after the formal appointment of a Deputy Commissioner in November 2022.
 However, the caretaker Punjab Government reversed the status of District in February 2023. The Lahore High Court struck down the move after which the additional charge of the Deputy Commissioner was given to the Rawalpindi Deputy Commissioner.
 In September 2023, the Punjab Government posted a Deputy Commissioner in Murree. Agha Zaheer Abbas Sherazi was posted as the second ever Deputy Commissioner on 26 September 2023. The elected government post February 2024 elections decided to stick with the upgraded status of Murree considering its pivotal importance for the tourism industry.{{citation needed|date=April 2025}}
@@ Line 212: / Line 218: @@
 *[[Potha Sharif]]
 *[[Sehr Bagla]]
-*[[Patriata]]<ref name=Dawn/>
+*[[Patriata]]
 *[[Phagwari]]
 *[[Numbal]]
@@ Line 251: / Line 257: @@
 ==Sister Cities==
-*[[Dujiangyan City]], China<ref>{{cite news |title=China’s Dujiangyan to be Murree’s sister city |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/1072118-china-s-dujiangyan-to-be-murree-s-sister-city |access-date=25 April 2025 |work=[[The News International]] |date=20 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
+*[[Dujiangyan City]], China<ref>{{cite news |title=China's Dujiangyan to be Murree's sister city |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/1072118-china-s-dujiangyan-to-be-murree-s-sister-city |access-date=25 April 2025 |work=[[The News International]] |date=20 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
 ==Notes==
@@ Line 261: / Line 267: @@
 ==Bibliography==
 * {{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=Imperial Gazetteer of India|volume=18|page=42|title=Murree Town|publisher=[[Clarendon Press]]|location=[[Oxford]]|year=1909|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V18_048.gif|access-date=2021-10-16|ref={{SfnRef|Imperial Gazetteer of India|1909}}}}
-*{{cite book |last1=Crossette |first1=Barbara |author-link=Barbara Crossette |title=The Great Hill Stations of Asia |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Great_Hill_Stations_Of_Asia.html?id=TY_iAAAAMAAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y |date=1998 |publisher=[[Westview Press]] |location=Boulder |isbn=978-08-13-33326-7 |pages=22–42}}
+*{{cite book |last1=Crossette |first1=Barbara |author-link=Barbara Crossette |title=The Great Hill Stations of Asia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TY_iAAAAMAAJ |date=1998 |publisher=[[Westview Press]] |location=Boulder |isbn=978-08-13-33326-7 |pages=22–42}}
 *{{cite book |last1=Gibson |first1=Alexandra L. |title=Working-Class Raj: Colonialism and the Making of Class in British India |date=2023 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge |isbn=978-10-09-35658-9 |chapter=Military Domesticity: Creating Working-Class Worlds in British India |pages=76, 82–85 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9tfbEAAAQBAJ |doi=10.1017/9781009356565.004}}
 *{{cite book |last1=Kennedy |first1=Dane |title=The Magic Mountains: Hill Stations and the British Raj |year=1996 |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |isbn=978-05-20-20188-0 |url=http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft396nb1sf/}}

Murree: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 03:48, 20 June 2025

Contents

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Murree: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 03:48, 20 June 2025

History

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Notes

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