1790 in science: Difference between revisions
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==Astronomy== | ==Astronomy== | ||
* [[Armagh Observatory]], founded in Ireland by [[Richard Robinson, 1st Baron Rokeby]], [[Archbishop of Armagh (Church of Ireland)|Archbishop of Armagh]], begins to function. | * [[Armagh Observatory]], founded in Ireland by [[Richard Robinson, 1st Baron Rokeby]], [[Archbishop of Armagh (Church of Ireland)|Archbishop of Armagh]], begins to function. | ||
* [[Johann Tobias Lowitz]] observes a complex [[Halo (optical_phenomenon)|halo]] display in St. Petersburg.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x1HoAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA384#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Déscription d'un météore remarquable, observé à St. Pétersbourg le 18 Juin 1790}} (Description of a remarkable atmospheric phenomenon, observed at St. Petersburg on June 18, 1790), pages 384-388</ref> | |||
==Biology== | ==Biology== | ||
Latest revision as of 02:44, 19 June 2025
Template:Short description Template:Year nav topic5 Template:Science year nav
The year 1790 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Astronomy
- Armagh Observatory, founded in Ireland by Richard Robinson, 1st Baron Rokeby, Archbishop of Armagh, begins to function.
- Johann Tobias Lowitz observes a complex halo display in St. Petersburg.[1]
Biology
- English ornithologist John Latham publishes his Index Ornithologicus, including a scientific description of the black swan.
- English botanical illustrator James Sowerby begins publication of his English Botany, with text by James E. Smith.
- Goethe publishes Metamorphosis of Plants.
Chemistry
- July 31 – Samuel Hopkins of Vermont is granted a patent for a potash production technique, the first issued under the 1st United States Congress's Patent Act of 1790.[2]
- Publication in Montpellier of Jean-Antoine Chaptal's Élémens de chimie, in which he coins the word nitrogen (nitrogène).
- Adair Crawford, working with William Cruickshank, proposes the existence of the alkaline earth metal located near Strontian in Scotland which will later be isolated at strontium.[3][4]
Physiology and medicine
- First recorded case of artificial insemination when British surgeon John Hunter helps impregnate a linen draper's wife.[5][6]
Technology
- January 30 – Henry Greathead's Original rescue life-boat is tested on the River Tyne in England.[7]
Awards
- Copley Medal: Not awarded[8]
Births
- February 3 – Gideon Mantell, English paleontologist (died 1852)
- March 12 – John Frederic Daniell, English chemist and physicist (died 1845)
- May 23 – Jules Dumont d'Urville, French explorer (died 1842)
- May 30 – John Herapath, English physicist (died 1868)
- July 4 – George Everest, Welsh surveyor and geographer (died 1866)
- October 25 – Robert Stirling, Scottish inventor (died 1878)
- November 17 – August Ferdinand Möbius, German mathematician (died 1868)
- December 9 – Friederike Lienig, Latvian entomologist (d. 1855)
- December 19 – William Edward Parry, English Arctic explorer (died 1855)
Deaths
- February 5 – William Cullen, Scottish physician and chemist (born 1710)[9]
- March 22 – Anthony Addington, English physician (born 1713)
- April 17 – Benjamin Franklin, American statesman and polymath, known for his experiments with electricity (born 1706)
- July 17 – Johann II Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (born 1710)
References
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". (Description of a remarkable atmospheric phenomenon, observed at St. Petersburg on June 18, 1790), pages 384-388
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