3,3'-Diindolylmethane: Difference between revisions

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'''3,3′-Diindolylmethane''' ('''DIM''') is a compound derived from the [[digestion]] of [[indole-3-carbinol]], found in [[cruciferous vegetables]], such as [[broccoli]], [[Brussels sprout]]s, [[cabbage]] and [[kale]].<ref name="lpi">{{cite web | title = Indole-3-carbinol|url=https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/dietary-factors/phytochemicals/indole-3-carbinol|publisher=Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University|date=1 July 2017|accessdate=11 July 2022}}</ref> It and its parent compound {{ndash}} [[indole-3-carbinol]] {{ndash}} are under laboratory research to determine their possible biological properties, particularly in anti-cancer mechanisms.<ref name=lpi/><ref name="pubchem">{{cite web |title=3,3'-Diindolylmethane |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3071 |publisher=PubChem, US National Library of Medicine |access-date=11 July 2022 |date=9 July 2022}}</ref> DIM is sold as a [[dietary supplement]].<ref name=lpi/>
'''3,3′-Diindolylmethane''' ('''DIM''') is a compound derived from the [[digestion]] of [[indole-3-carbinol]], found in [[cruciferous vegetables]], such as [[broccoli]], [[Brussels sprout]]s, [[cabbage]] and [[kale]].<ref name="lpi">{{cite web | title = Indole-3-carbinol|url=https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/dietary-factors/phytochemicals/indole-3-carbinol|publisher=Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University|date=1 July 2017|access-date=11 July 2022}}</ref> It and its parent compound {{ndash}} [[indole-3-carbinol]] {{ndash}} are under laboratory research to determine their possible biological properties, particularly in anti-cancer mechanisms.<ref name=lpi/><ref name="pubchem">{{cite web |title=3,3'-Diindolylmethane |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3071 |publisher=PubChem, US National Library of Medicine |access-date=11 July 2022 |date=9 July 2022}}</ref> DIM is sold as a [[dietary supplement]].<ref name=lpi/>


==Properties==
==Properties==
[[In vitro]], DIM has action as a [[histone deacetylase inhibitor]],<ref name=lpi/> specifically against [[HDAC1]], [[HDAC2]], and [[HDAC3]].<ref name="dietaryncbi">{{cite journal | pmc = 3255482 | pmid=22247744 | doi=10.1186/1868-7083-3-4 | volume=3 | issue=1 | title=Dietary phytochemicals, HDAC inhibition, and DNA damage/repair defects in cancer cells | year=2011 | journal= Clinical Epigenetics| pages=4 | last1 = Rajendran | first1 = P | last2 = Ho | first2 = E | last3 = Williams | first3 = DE | last4 = Dashwood | first4 = RH | doi-access=free }}</ref> DIM is a [[metabolite]] of [[indole-3-carbinol]].  
[[In vitro]], DIM has action as a [[histone deacetylase inhibitor]],<ref name=lpi/> specifically against [[HDAC1]], [[HDAC2]], and [[HDAC3]].<ref name="dietaryncbi">{{cite journal | pmc = 3255482 | pmid=22247744 | doi=10.1186/1868-7083-3-4 | volume=3 | issue=1 | title=Dietary phytochemicals, HDAC inhibition, and DNA damage/repair defects in cancer cells | year=2011 | journal= Clinical Epigenetics| page=4 | last1 = Rajendran | first1 = P | last2 = Ho | first2 = E | last3 = Williams | first3 = DE | last4 = Dashwood | first4 = RH | doi-access=free }}</ref> DIM is a [[metabolite]] of [[indole-3-carbinol]].  
<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dimsupplementformen.com/ |title=DIM}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dimsupplementformen.com/ |title=DIM}}</ref>


DIM was found to be a mild cannabinoid agonist with low binding affinity for both CB1 and CB2.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Andhika B. Mahardhika |display-authors=et. al. |title=Design, synthesis, and structure–activity relationships of diindolylmethane derivatives as cannabinoid CB2 receptor agonists |journal= Archiv der Pharmazie|date=March 2023 |volume=356 |issue=3 |pages=e2200493 |doi=10.1002/ardp.202200493|pmid=36437108 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Paolo Tucci |display-authors=et. al. |title=The Plant Derived 3-3′-Diindolylmethane (DIM) Behaves as CB2 Receptor Agonist in Prostate Cancer Cellular Models |journal=International Journal of Molecular Sciences |date=2023 |volume=24 |issue=4 |page=3620 |doi=10.3390/ijms24043620|pmid=36835033 |pmc=9962283 |hdl=2164/20232 |hdl-access=free |doi-access=free }}</ref>
DIM was found to be a mild cannabinoid agonist with low binding affinity for both CB1 and CB2.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Andhika B. Mahardhika |display-authors=et. al. |title=Design, synthesis, and structure–activity relationships of diindolylmethane derivatives as cannabinoid CB2 receptor agonists |journal= Archiv der Pharmazie|date=March 2023 |volume=356 |issue=3 |article-number=e2200493 |doi=10.1002/ardp.202200493|pmid=36437108 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Paolo Tucci |display-authors=et. al. |title=The Plant Derived 3-3′-Diindolylmethane (DIM) Behaves as CB2 Receptor Agonist in Prostate Cancer Cellular Models |journal=International Journal of Molecular Sciences |date=2023 |volume=24 |issue=4 |page=3620 |doi=10.3390/ijms24043620|pmid=36835033 |pmc=9962283 |hdl=2164/20232 |hdl-access=free |doi-access=free }}</ref>


Researchers from [[Ben-Gurion University of the Negev]], in collaboration with teams from [[Sichuan University]] and the [[National University of Singapore]], found that DIM (a naturally occurring molecule also referred to as bisindole) can reduce biofilms responsible for dental plaque and cavities by a remarkable 90%. <ref>{{cite journal |author=Yifat Baruch |display-authors=et. al. |title=3,3′-Diindolylmethane (DIM): A Potential Therapeutic Agent against Cariogenic ''Streptococcus mutans'' Biofilm |journal=  Antibiotics|date=6 June 2023 |volume=12 |issue=6 |page=1017 |doi=10.3390/antibiotics12061017|pmid=37370336 |pmc=10295630 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
A study conducted in 2023 by researchers from [[Ben-Gurion University of the Negev]], in collaboration with teams from [[Sichuan University]] and the [[National University of Singapore]], found that DIM can reduce biofilms responsible for dental plaque and cavities by 90%.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Yifat Baruch |display-authors=et. al. |title=3,3′-Diindolylmethane (DIM): A Potential Therapeutic Agent against Cariogenic ''Streptococcus mutans'' Biofilm |journal=  Antibiotics|date=6 June 2023 |volume=12 |issue=6 |page=1017 |doi=10.3390/antibiotics12061017|pmid=37370336 |pmc=10295630 |doi-access=free }}</ref> {{asof|2025}}, no clinical trials have been conducted that confirm the effectiveness of DIM in reducing plaque.


==See also==
==See also==

Latest revision as of 16:39, 28 September 2025

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3,3'-Diindolylmethane
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3,3′-Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a compound derived from the digestion of indole-3-carbinol, found in cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage and kale.[1] It and its parent compound Template:Ndash indole-3-carbinol Template:Ndash are under laboratory research to determine their possible biological properties, particularly in anti-cancer mechanisms.[1][2] DIM is sold as a dietary supplement.[1]

Properties

In vitro, DIM has action as a histone deacetylase inhibitor,[1] specifically against HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3.[3] DIM is a metabolite of indole-3-carbinol. [4]

DIM was found to be a mild cannabinoid agonist with low binding affinity for both CB1 and CB2.[5][6]

A study conducted in 2023 by researchers from Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, in collaboration with teams from Sichuan University and the National University of Singapore, found that DIM can reduce biofilms responsible for dental plaque and cavities by 90%.[7] since 2025Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., no clinical trials have been conducted that confirm the effectiveness of DIM in reducing plaque.

See also

References

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External links

Template:HDAC inhibitors

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