Hyperon: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 23:24, 23 October 2025

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Distinguish". Template:Standard model of particle physics In particle physics, a hyperon is any baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quarks.^[1] This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars.^[2] Hyperons are sometimes generically represented by the symbol Y.^[3]

History and research

The first research into hyperons happened in the 1950s and spurred physicists on to the creation of an organized classification of particles.

The term was coined by French physicist Louis Leprince-Ringuet in 1953,^[4]^[5] and announced for the first time at the cosmic ray conference at Bagnères de Bigorre in July of that year, agreed upon by Leprince-Ringuet, Bruno Rossi, C.F. Powell, William B. Fretter and Bernard Peters.^[6]

Today, research in this area is carried out on data taken at many facilities around the world, including CERN, Fermilab, SLAC, JLAB, Brookhaven National Laboratory, KEK, GSI and others. Physics topics include searches for CP violation, measurements of spin, studies of excited states (commonly referred to as spectroscopy), and hunts for exotic forms such as pentaquarks and dibaryons.

Properties and behavior

File:Baryon decuplet.svg

A combination of three u, d or s-quarks with a total spin of 3/2 form the so-called baryon decuplet. The lower six are hyperons.

Being baryons, all hyperons are fermions. That is, they have half-integer spin and obey Fermi–Dirac statistics. Hyperons all interact via the strong nuclear force, making them types of hadron. They are composed of three light quarks, at least one of which is a strange quark, which makes them strange baryons.

Excited hyperon resonances and ground-state hyperons with a '*' included in their notation decay via the strong interaction. For Template:Subatomic particle as well as the lighter hyperons this decay mode is not possible given the particle masses and the conservation of flavor and isospin necessary in strong interactions. Instead, these decay weakly with non-conserved parity. An exception to this is the Template:Subatomic particle which decays electromagnetically into Λ on account of carrying the same flavor quantum numbers. The type of interaction through which these decays occur determine the average lifetime, which is why weakly decaying hyperons are significantly more long-lived than those that decay through strong or electromagnetic interactions.^[7]

List

Hyperons
Particle	Symbol	Makeup	Rest mass Script error: No such module "string".[MeV/c²]	Isospin, Script error: No such module "string".I	Spin, parity,Script error: No such module "string".J^P	Q Script error: No such module "string".[e]	S	Mean lifetime Script error: No such module "string".[s]	Commonly Script error: No such module "string".decays to
Lambda^[8]	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	1 115.683(6)	0	Template:Sfrac⁺	0	−1	Script error: No such module "val".Template:Px2^[9]	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh or Script error: No such module "string". redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh
Lambda resonance^[10]	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh(1405)	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	Script error: No such module "val".	0	Template:Sfrac⁻	0	−1		redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh
Lambda resonance^[11]	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh(1520)	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	1 519(1)	0	Template:Sfrac⁻	0	−1		redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh or redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh or redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + 2 redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh
Sigma^[12]	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	1 189.37(7)	1	Template:Sfrac⁺	+1	−1	Script error: No such module "val".	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh or Script error: No such module "string". redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh
Sigma^[13]	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	1 192.642(24)	1	Template:Sfrac⁺	0	−1	Script error: No such module "val".	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh
Sigma^[14]	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	1 197.449(30)	1	Template:Sfrac⁺	−1	−1	Script error: No such module "val".	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh
Sigma resonance^[15]	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh(1385)	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	1 382.8(4)	1	Template:Sfrac⁺	+1	−1		redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh or Script error: No such module "string". redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh
Sigma resonance^[15]	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh(1385)	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	Script error: No such module "val".	1	Template:Sfrac⁺	0	−1		redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh or Script error: No such module "string". redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh
Sigma resonance^[15]	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh(1385)	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	1 387.2(5)	1	Template:Sfrac⁺	−1	−1		redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh or Script error: No such module "string". redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh
Xi^[16]	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	1 314.86(20)	Template:Sfrac	Template:Sfrac⁺	0	−2	Script error: No such module "val".	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh
Xi^[17]	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	1 321.71(7)	Template:Sfrac	Template:Sfrac⁺	−1	−2	Script error: No such module "val".	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh
Xi resonance^[18]	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh(1530)	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	1 531.80(32)	Template:Sfrac	Template:Sfrac⁺	0	−2		redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh
Xi resonance^[18]	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh(1530)	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	1 535.0(6)	Template:Sfrac	Template:Sfrac⁺	−1	−2		redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh
Omega^[19]	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh	1 672.45(29)	0	Template:Sfrac⁺	−1	−3	Script error: No such module "val".	redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh or Script error: No such module "string". redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh or Script error: No such module "string". redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh + redirect Template:Subatomic particle Template:Rcatsh

Notes:

Since strangeness is conserved by the strong interactions, some ground-state hyperons cannot decay strongly. However, they do participate in strong interactions.

redirect Template:Subatomic particle

Template:Rcatsh may also decay on rare occurrences via these processes:

redirect Template:Subatomic particle

Template:Rcatsh →

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Template:Rcatsh +

redirect Template:Subatomic particle

Template:Rcatsh +

redirect Template:Subatomic particle

Template:Rcatsh

redirect Template:Subatomic particle

Template:Rcatsh →

redirect Template:Subatomic particle

Template:Rcatsh +

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Template:Rcatsh +

redirect Template:Subatomic particle

Template:Rcatsh

redirect Template:Subatomic particle

Template:Rcatsh and

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Template:Rcatsh are also known as "cascade" hyperons, since they go through a two-step cascading decay into a nucleon.

The

redirect Template:Subatomic particle

Template:Rcatsh has a baryon number of +1 and hypercharge of −2, giving it strangeness of −3. It takes multiple flavor-changing weak decays for it to decay into a proton or neutron. Murray Gell-Mann's and Yuval Ne'eman's SU(3) model (sometimes called the Eightfold Way) predicted this hyperon's existence, mass and that it will only undergo weak decay processes. Experimental evidence for its existence was discovered in 1964 at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Further examples of its formation and observation using particle accelerators confirmed the SU(3) model.

References

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@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 {{Distinguish|Hyperion (disambiguation)}}
 {{Standard model of particle physics}}
-In [[particle physics]], a '''hyperon''' is any [[baryon]] containing one or more [[strange quark]]s, but no [[charm quark|charm]], [[bottom quark|bottom]], or [[top quark]]s.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Greiner |first1=Walter |title=An Advanced Course in Modern Nuclear Physics |volume=581 |pages=316–342 |editor1-last=Arias |editor1-first=J.M. |editor2-last=Lozano |editor2-first=M. |ref=Greiner2001 |chapter=Structure of vacuum and elementary matter: from superheavies via hypermatter to antimatter.|doi=10.1007/3-540-44620-6_11 |series=Lecture Notes in Physics |year=2001 |isbn=978-3-540-42409-3 }}</ref> This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some [[neutron star]]s.<ref name=SchaffnerBielich2002>{{citation |title=Phase Transition to Hyperon Matter in Neutron Stars |last1=Schaffner-Bielich |first1=Jürgen |last2=Hanauske |first2=Matthias |last3=Stöcker |first3=Horst |last4=Greiner |first4=Walter |journal=Physical Review Letters |display-authors=1 |volume=89 |issue=17 |pages=171101 |id=171101 |year=2002 |postscript= |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.171101 |pmid=12398654 |bibcode=2002PhRvL..89q1101S |arxiv=astro-ph/0005490| s2cid=18759347 }}</ref> Hyperons are sometimes generically represented by the symbol '''Y'''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tolos |first1=L. |last2=Fabbietti |first2=L. |title=Strangeness in nuclei and neutron stars |journal=Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics |date=May 2020 |volume=112 |page=41 |doi=10.1016/j.ppnp.2020.103770|arxiv=2002.09223 |bibcode=2020PrPNP.11203770T |s2cid=211252559 }}</ref>
+In [[particle physics]], a '''hyperon''' is any [[baryon]] containing one or more [[strange quark]]s, but no [[charm quark|charm]], [[bottom quark|bottom]], or [[top quark]]s.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Greiner |first1=Walter |title=An Advanced Course in Modern Nuclear Physics |volume=581 |pages=316–342 |editor1-last=Arias |editor1-first=J.M. |editor2-last=Lozano |editor2-first=M. |ref=Greiner2001 |chapter=Structure of vacuum and elementary matter: from superheavies via hypermatter to antimatter.|doi=10.1007/3-540-44620-6_11 |series=Lecture Notes in Physics |year=2001 |isbn=978-3-540-42409-3 }}</ref> This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some [[neutron star]]s.<ref name=SchaffnerBielich2002>{{citation |title=Phase Transition to Hyperon Matter in Neutron Stars |last1=Schaffner-Bielich |first1=Jürgen |last2=Hanauske |first2=Matthias |last3=Stöcker |first3=Horst |last4=Greiner |first4=Walter |journal=Physical Review Letters |display-authors=1 |volume=89 |issue=17 |article-number=171101 |id=171101 |year=2002 |postscript= |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.171101 |pmid=12398654 |bibcode=2002PhRvL..89q1101S |arxiv=astro-ph/0005490| s2cid=18759347 }}</ref> Hyperons are sometimes generically represented by the symbol '''Y'''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tolos |first1=L. |last2=Fabbietti |first2=L. |title=Strangeness in nuclei and neutron stars |journal=Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics |date=May 2020 |volume=112 |page=41 |article-number=103770 |doi=10.1016/j.ppnp.2020.103770|arxiv=2002.09223 |bibcode=2020PrPNP.11203770T |s2cid=211252559 }}</ref>
 == History and research ==
 The first research into hyperons happened in the 1950s and spurred physicists on to the creation of an organized classification of particles.
-The term was coined by French physicist [[Louis Leprince-Ringuet]] in 1953,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Degrange |first1=Bernard |last2=Fontaine |first2=Gérard |last3=Fleury |first3=Patrick |date=2013 |title=Tracking Louis Leprince-Ringuet's contributions to cosmic-ray physics |url=http://physicstoday.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/PT.3.1989 |journal=Physics Today |language=en |volume=66 |issue=6|pages=8 |doi=10.1063/PT.3.1989 |bibcode=2013PhT....66f...8D |issn=0031-9228|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite conference |last=Ravel|first=Olivier|date=2013|editor-last=Ormes |editor-first=Jonathan F.|title=Early cosmic ray research in France|url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00841758 |conference=Centenary Symposium 2012: Discovery of Cosmic Rays|series=AIP Conference Proceedings |volume=1516|location=Denver, United States |publisher=American Institute of Physics |pages=67–71|doi=10.1063/1.4792542|bibcode=2013AIPC.1516...67R|isbn=978-0-7354-1137-1}}</ref> and announced for the first time at the cosmic ray conference at [[Bagnères de Bigorre]] in July of that year, agreed upon by Leprince-Ringuet, [[Bruno Rossi]], [[C. F. Powell|C.F. Powell]], [[William Bache Fretter|William B. Fretter]] and [[Bernard Peters]].<ref>{{cite journal |title = The 1953 Cosmic Ray Conference at Bagnères de Bigorre: the Birth of Sub Atomic Physics |author = J.W. Cronin |doi = 10.1140/epjh/e2011-20014-4 |year = 2011 |volume = 36 |pages = 183–201 |journal = The European Physical Journal H| issue = 2 |arxiv = 1111.5338 |bibcode = 2011EPJH...36..183C |s2cid = 119105540 }} See in particular Fig. 5.</ref>
+The term was coined by French physicist [[Louis Leprince-Ringuet]] in 1953,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Degrange |first1=Bernard |last2=Fontaine |first2=Gérard |last3=Fleury |first3=Patrick |date=2013 |title=Tracking Louis Leprince-Ringuet's contributions to cosmic-ray physics |url=http://physicstoday.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/PT.3.1989 |journal=Physics Today |language=en |volume=66 |issue=6|page=8 |doi=10.1063/PT.3.1989 |bibcode=2013PhT....66f...8D |issn=0031-9228|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite conference |last=Ravel|first=Olivier|date=2013|editor-last=Ormes |editor-first=Jonathan F.|title=Early cosmic ray research in France|url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00841758 |conference=Centenary Symposium 2012: Discovery of Cosmic Rays|series=AIP Conference Proceedings |volume=1516|location=Denver, United States |publisher=American Institute of Physics |pages=67–71|doi=10.1063/1.4792542|bibcode=2013AIPC.1516...67R|isbn=978-0-7354-1137-1}}</ref> and announced for the first time at the cosmic ray conference at [[Bagnères de Bigorre]] in July of that year, agreed upon by Leprince-Ringuet, [[Bruno Rossi]], [[C. F. Powell|C.F. Powell]], [[William Bache Fretter|William B. Fretter]] and [[Bernard Peters]].<ref>{{cite journal |title = The 1953 Cosmic Ray Conference at Bagnères de Bigorre: the Birth of Sub Atomic Physics |author = J.W. Cronin |doi = 10.1140/epjh/e2011-20014-4 |year = 2011 |volume = 36 |pages = 183–201 |journal = The European Physical Journal H| issue = 2 |arxiv = 1111.5338 |bibcode = 2011EPJH...36..183C |s2cid = 119105540 }} See in particular Fig. 5.</ref>
 Today, research in this area is carried out on data taken at many facilities around the world, including [[CERN]], [[Fermilab]], [[SLAC]], [[Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility|JLAB]], [[Brookhaven National Laboratory]], [[KEK]], [[GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research|GSI]] and others. Physics topics include searches for [[CP violation]], measurements of [[Spin (physics)|spin]], studies of [[excited state]]s (commonly referred to as ''spectroscopy''), and hunts for exotic forms such as [[pentaquark]]s and [[dibaryon]]s.
@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 Being baryons, all hyperons are [[fermion]]s. That is, they have [[half-integer]] [[Spin (physics)|spin]] and obey [[Fermi–Dirac statistics]]. Hyperons all interact via the [[strong nuclear force]], making them types of [[hadron]]. They are composed of three light [[quark]]s, at least one of which is a [[strange quark]], which makes them strange baryons.
-Excited hyperon resonances and ground-state hyperons with a '*' included in their notation decay via the [[strong interaction]]. For {{subatomic particle|omega-|link=yes}} as well as the lighter hyperons this decay mode is not possible given the particle masses and the conservation of [[Flavour (particle physics)|flavor]] and [[isospin]] necessary in strong interactions. Instead, these decay [[weak interaction|weakly]] with non-conserved [[parity (physics)|parity]]. An exception to this is the {{subatomic particle|sigma0|link=yes}} which decays [[Electromagnetism|electromagnetically]] into [[Lambda baryon|Λ]] on account of carrying the same flavor quantum numbers. The type of interaction through which these decays occur determine the average lifetime, which is why weakly decaying hyperons are significantly more long-lived than those that decay through strong or electromagnetic interactions.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Martin |first1=B. R. |title=Particle physics |date=2017 |location=Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom |isbn=9781118911907 |edition=Fourth}}</ref>
+Excited hyperon resonances and ground-state hyperons with a '*' included in their notation decay via the [[strong interaction]]. For {{subatomic particle|omega-|link=yes}} as well as the lighter hyperons this decay mode is not possible given the particle masses and the conservation of [[Flavour (particle physics)|flavor]] and [[isospin]] necessary in strong interactions. Instead, these decay [[weak interaction|weakly]] with non-conserved [[parity (physics)|parity]]. An exception to this is the {{subatomic particle|sigma0|link=yes}} which decays [[Electromagnetism|electromagnetically]] into [[Lambda baryon|Λ]] on account of carrying the same flavor quantum numbers. The type of interaction through which these decays occur determine the average lifetime, which is why weakly decaying hyperons are significantly more long-lived than those that decay through strong or electromagnetic interactions.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Martin |first1=B. R. |title=Particle physics |date=2017 |location=Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom |isbn=978-1-118-91190-7 |edition=Fourth}}</ref>
 ==List==
@@ Line 34: / Line 34: @@
 ! class=unsortable | Commonly {{br}}decays to
 |-
-| [[Lambda baryon|Lambda]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pdg.lbl.gov/2007/listings/s018.pdf |title=Particle Data Groups: 2006 Review of Particle Physics – Lambda |access-date=2008-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910175117/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2007/listings/s018.pdf |archive-date=2008-09-10 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
+| [[Lambda baryon|Lambda]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pdg.lbl.gov/2007/listings/s018.pdf |title=Particle Data Groups: 2006 Review of Particle Physics – Lambda |access-date=2008-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910175117/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2007/listings/s018.pdf |archive-date=2008-09-10 }}</ref>
 | {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Lambda0}}
 | {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Down quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Strange quark}}
@@ Line 44: / Line 44: @@
 | 0
 | 0
-| {{val|2.60|e=-10}}{{px2}}<ref name=ParticlePhysicsOverview>{{cite web|url=http://filer.case.edu/sjr16/advanced/extras_particlephys.html |title=Physics Particle Overview – Baryons |access-date=2008-04-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228011850/http://filer.case.edu/sjr16/advanced/extras_particlephys.html |archive-date=2008-02-28 }}</ref>
+| {{val|2.60|e=-10}}{{px2}}<ref name=ParticlePhysicsOverview>{{cite web|url=http://filer.case.edu/sjr16/advanced/extras_particlephys.html |title=Physics Particle Overview – Baryons |access-date=2008-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228011850/http://filer.case.edu/sjr16/advanced/extras_particlephys.html |archive-date=2008-02-28 }}</ref>
 | {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Proton+}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion-}}}} or {{br}} {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Neutron0}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion0}}}}
 |-
-| [[Lambda baryon|Lambda]] resonance<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pdg.lbl.gov/2007/listings/s018.pdf |title=Particle Data Groups: 2006 Review of Particle Physics – Lambda |access-date=2008-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910175117/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2007/listings/s018.pdf |archive-date=2008-09-10 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
+| [[Lambda baryon|Lambda]] resonance<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pdg.lbl.gov/2007/listings/s018.pdf |title=Particle Data Groups: 2006 Review of Particle Physics – Lambda |access-date=2008-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910175117/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2007/listings/s018.pdf |archive-date=2008-09-10 }}</ref>
 | {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Lambda}}(1405)
 | {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Down quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Strange quark}}
@@ Line 60: / Line 60: @@
 | {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Sigma}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion}}}}
 |-
-| [[Lambda baryon|Lambda]] resonance<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pdg.lbl.gov/2007/listings/s018.pdf |title=Particle Data Groups: 2006 Review of Particle Physics – Lambda |access-date=2008-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910175117/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2007/listings/s018.pdf |archive-date=2008-09-10 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
+| [[Lambda baryon|Lambda]] resonance<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pdg.lbl.gov/2007/listings/s018.pdf |title=Particle Data Groups: 2006 Review of Particle Physics – Lambda |access-date=2008-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910175117/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2007/listings/s018.pdf |archive-date=2008-09-10 }}</ref>
 | {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Lambda}}(1520)
 | {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Down quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Strange quark}}
@@ Line 73: / Line 73: @@
 | {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Nucleon}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Kaon}}}} or {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Sigma}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|pion}}}} or {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Lambda}} + 2{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|pion}}}}
 |-
-| [[Sigma baryon|Sigma]]<ref name="PDGSigma+">{{cite web |url=http://pdg.lbl.gov/2007/listings/s019.pdf |title=Particle Data Groups: 2006 Review of Particle Physics – Sigma+ |access-date=2008-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910175104/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2007/listings/s019.pdf |archive-date=2008-09-10 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
+| [[Sigma baryon|Sigma]]<ref name="PDGSigma+">{{cite web |url=http://pdg.lbl.gov/2007/listings/s019.pdf |title=Particle Data Groups: 2006 Review of Particle Physics – Sigma+ |access-date=2008-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910175104/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2007/listings/s019.pdf |archive-date=2008-09-10 }}</ref>
 | {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Sigma+}}
 | {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Strange quark}}
@@ Line 86: / Line 86: @@
 | {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Proton+}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion0}}}} or {{br}}{{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Neutron0}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion+}}}}
 |-
-| [[Sigma baryon|Sigma]]<ref name=PDGSigma0>{{cite web |url=http://pdg.lbl.gov/2007/listings/s021.pdf |title=Particle Data Groups: 2006 Review of Particle Physics – Sigma0 |access-date=2008-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910175105/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2007/listings/s021.pdf |archive-date=2008-09-10 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
+| [[Sigma baryon|Sigma]]<ref name=PDGSigma0>{{cite web |url=http://pdg.lbl.gov/2007/listings/s021.pdf |title=Particle Data Groups: 2006 Review of Particle Physics – Sigma0 |access-date=2008-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910175105/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2007/listings/s021.pdf |archive-date=2008-09-10 }}</ref>
 | {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Sigma0}}
 | {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Down quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Strange quark}}
@@ Line 99: / Line 99: @@
 | {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Lambda0}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Photon}}}}
 |-
-| [[Sigma baryon|Sigma]]<ref name=PDGSigma->{{cite web |url=http://pdg.lbl.gov/2007/listings/s020.pdf |title=Particle Data Groups: 2006 Review of Particle Physics – Sigma- |access-date=2008-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910175103/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2007/listings/s020.pdf |archive-date=2008-09-10 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
+| [[Sigma baryon|Sigma]]<ref name=PDGSigma->{{cite web |url=http://pdg.lbl.gov/2007/listings/s020.pdf |title=Particle Data Groups: 2006 Review of Particle Physics – Sigma- |access-date=2008-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910175103/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2007/listings/s020.pdf |archive-date=2008-09-10 }}</ref>
 | {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Sigma-}}
 | {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Down quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Down quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Strange quark}}
@@ Line 112: / Line 112: @@
 | {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Neutron0}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion-}}}}
 |-
-| [[Sigma baryon|Sigma]] resonance<ref name=PDGSigma(1385)>{{cite web |url=http://pdg.lbl.gov/2007/listings/b043.pdf |title=Particle Data Groups: 2006 Review of Particle Physics – Sigma(1385) |access-date=2008-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910175104/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2007/listings/b043.pdf |archive-date=2008-09-10 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
+| [[Sigma baryon|Sigma]] resonance<ref name=PDGSigma(1385)>{{cite web |url=http://pdg.lbl.gov/2007/listings/b043.pdf |title=Particle Data Groups: 2006 Review of Particle Physics – Sigma(1385) |access-date=2008-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910175104/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2007/listings/b043.pdf |archive-date=2008-09-10 }}</ref>
 | {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Sigma*+}}(1385)
 | {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Strange quark}}

Hyperon: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 23:24, 23 October 2025

Contents

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Hyperon: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 23:24, 23 October 2025

History and research

Properties and behavior

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See also

References

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