Overstrike: Difference between revisions
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Many [[font]] renderers in [[computer programs]] invent missing [[Emphasis (typography)|bold]] characters by overstriking the normal character with itself, slightly horizontally offset.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Blake |first1=Irene A. |title=How to Configure the Overstrike in Word 2007 |url=https://smallbusiness.chron.com/configure-overstrike-word-2007-48809.html |website=Chron.com |access-date=3 February 2024}}</ref> The horizontal offset is essential since, unlike a [[typewriter]] where repeating a letter in exactly the same space will make it darker, most modern printers will not darken repeated "strikes" to the same space. Actual bold fonts are designed with some features thicker and others the same size as a regular font, so the use of this "fake bold" is considered undesirable from a typographic point of view.{{cn|date=February 2024}} Overstriking with an offset was also used to created "[[Blackboard bold]]" style characters used in mathematics.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Webb |first1=Stephen |title=Clash of Symbols: A ride through the riches of glyphs |date=2018 |publisher=Springer International Publishing |isbn=978-3-319-71350-2 |pages=181–223 |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-71350-2_5 |language=en |chapter=Meaningless marks on paper|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-71350-2_5 }}</ref> | Many [[font]] renderers in [[computer programs]] invent missing [[Emphasis (typography)|bold]] characters by overstriking the normal character with itself, slightly horizontally offset.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Blake |first1=Irene A. |title=How to Configure the Overstrike in Word 2007 |url=https://smallbusiness.chron.com/configure-overstrike-word-2007-48809.html |website=Chron.com |access-date=3 February 2024}}</ref> The horizontal offset is essential since, unlike a [[typewriter]] where repeating a letter in exactly the same space will make it darker, most modern printers will not darken repeated "strikes" to the same space. Actual bold fonts are designed with some features thicker and others the same size as a regular font, so the use of this "fake bold" is considered undesirable from a typographic point of view.{{cn|date=February 2024}} Overstriking with an offset was also used to created "[[Blackboard bold]]" style characters used in mathematics.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Webb |first1=Stephen |title=Clash of Symbols: A ride through the riches of glyphs |date=2018 |publisher=Springer International Publishing |isbn=978-3-319-71350-2 |pages=181–223 |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-71350-2_5 |language=en |chapter=Meaningless marks on paper|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-71350-2_5 }}</ref> | ||
The [[APL (codepage)|character set for the APL programming language]] includes several characters that were printed by overstriking other characters on printing terminals such as the [[IBM 2741]] | The [[APL (codepage)|character set for the APL programming language]] includes several characters that were printed by overstriking other characters on printing terminals such as the [[IBM 2741]]; for example, the "lamp"-shaped [[comment (computer programming)|comment]] introducer {{key press|⍝}} was achieved by overstriking {{key press|∩}} with {{key press|∘}}.<ref name="Honeywell1985"/>{{rp|2-6}} In fact, at least one APL implementation ([[Multics]]') recognized the overstriking of {{key press|F}} with {{key press|L}} as simply another spelling of {{key press|E}}.<ref name="Honeywell1985"/>{{rp|2-8}} | ||
The [[WordPerfect]] word processor includes overstrike functionality.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kahrel |first1=Peter |title=Foreign languages in WordPerfect |journal=ASLIB Proceedings |date=1 January 1994 |volume=46 |issue=5 |pages=135–140 |doi=10.1108/eb051357 |url=https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/eb051357/full/html |access-date=3 February 2024 |issn=0001-253X|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Gosling |first1=Joanna |title=Easily into WordPerfect 5® |date=1990 |publisher=Macmillan Education UK |isbn=978-1-349-11017-9 |pages=66–87 |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-349-11017-9_8 |language=en |chapter=Enhancing Your Text|doi=10.1007/978-1-349-11017-9_8 }}</ref> [[Collabora Online]], [[LibreOffice]] and [[Microsoft Word]] do not; however Collabora Online and LibreOffice allow the use of the characters X and / (forward slash) to overstrike, using the [[strikethrough]] function.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tools for Linguistic Word Processing |url=https://pluto.huji.ac.il/~msyfalk/Tools.html |website=pluto.huji.ac.il |access-date=3 February 2024}}</ref> | The [[WordPerfect]] word processor includes overstrike functionality.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kahrel |first1=Peter |title=Foreign languages in WordPerfect |journal=ASLIB Proceedings |date=1 January 1994 |volume=46 |issue=5 |pages=135–140 |doi=10.1108/eb051357 |url=https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/eb051357/full/html |access-date=3 February 2024 |issn=0001-253X|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Gosling |first1=Joanna |title=Easily into WordPerfect 5® |date=1990 |publisher=Macmillan Education UK |isbn=978-1-349-11017-9 |pages=66–87 |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-349-11017-9_8 |language=en |chapter=Enhancing Your Text|doi=10.1007/978-1-349-11017-9_8 }}</ref> [[Collabora Online]], [[LibreOffice]] and [[Microsoft Word]] do not; however Collabora Online and LibreOffice allow the use of the characters X and / (forward slash) to overstrike, using the [[strikethrough]] function.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tools for Linguistic Word Processing |url=https://pluto.huji.ac.il/~msyfalk/Tools.html |website=pluto.huji.ac.il |access-date=3 February 2024}}</ref> | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{ | <references> | ||
<ref name="Honeywell1985">{{cite book |title=Multics APL User's Guide (AK95-02) |publisher=[[Honeywell|Honeywell Systems]] |date=December 1985 |url=https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_honeywellm5_11819744/page/n20}}</ref> | |||
</references> | |||
{{Typography}} | {{Typography}} | ||
Latest revision as of 15:10, 8 September 2025
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "about". Template:More Citations Needed
In typography, overstrike is a method of printing characters that are missing from the printer's character set.[1] The character is created by placing one character on another one – for example, overstriking ⟨L⟩ with ⟨-⟩ results in printing a ⟨Ł⟩ (L with stroke) character.[2]
The ASCII code supports six different diacritics. These are: grave accent, tilde, acute accent (approximated by the apostrophe), diaeresis (double quote), cedilla (comma), and circumflex accent. Each is typed by typing the preceding character, then backspace, and then the 'related character', which is ⟨`⟩, ⟨~⟩, ⟨'⟩, ⟨"⟩, or ⟨^⟩, respectively for the above-mentioned accents.
With the wide adoption of Unicode (especially UTF-8, which supports a much larger number of characters in different writing systems), this technique is of little use today. However, combining characters such as diacritics are still used to depict characters which cannot be shown otherwise.
Many font renderers in computer programs invent missing bold characters by overstriking the normal character with itself, slightly horizontally offset.[3] The horizontal offset is essential since, unlike a typewriter where repeating a letter in exactly the same space will make it darker, most modern printers will not darken repeated "strikes" to the same space. Actual bold fonts are designed with some features thicker and others the same size as a regular font, so the use of this "fake bold" is considered undesirable from a typographic point of view.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Overstriking with an offset was also used to created "Blackboard bold" style characters used in mathematics.[4]
The character set for the APL programming language includes several characters that were printed by overstriking other characters on printing terminals such as the IBM 2741; for example, the "lamp"-shaped comment introducer Script error: No such module "key". was achieved by overstriking Script error: No such module "key". with Script error: No such module "key"..[5]Template:Rp In fact, at least one APL implementation (Multics') recognized the overstriking of Script error: No such module "key". with Script error: No such module "key". as simply another spelling of Script error: No such module "key"..[5]Template:Rp
The WordPerfect word processor includes overstrike functionality.[6][7] Collabora Online, LibreOffice and Microsoft Word do not; however Collabora Online and LibreOffice allow the use of the characters X and / (forward slash) to overstrike, using the strikethrough function.[8] No known keyboard arrangement includes a function key that allows any two characters to be superimposed.
References
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