1485: Difference between revisions

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imported>Fuzheado
m Reverted edits by Orion Gavin Douglass (talk) to last version by Jmcyrenne
 
imported>Mandsford
→January–March: no longer hate myself, just don't like myself very much
 
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{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
[[File:A Chronicle of England - Page 453 - Richard III at Bosworth.jpg|thumb|[[Richard III of England]] is killed at the [[Battle of Bosworth Field]].]]
[[File:A Chronicle of England - Page 453 - Richard III at Bosworth.jpg|thumb|[[Richard III of England]] is killed at the [[Battle of Bosworth Field]].]]
{{About year|1485}}
{{About year|1485}}
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=== January&ndash;December ===
=== January&ndash;March ===
* Spring &ndash; Multiple earthquakes occur near [[Mount Tai|Taishan]], [[Ming dynasty|China]].
* [[January 6]] &ndash; [[Leopold III, Margrave of Austria|Saint Leopold of Babenburg]], who died almost 350 years earlier in [[1136]], is [[canonization|canonized]] as a Roman Catholic saint by [[Pope Innocent VIII]]. Saint Leopold will be celebrated as the [[patron saint]] of [[Austria]] in the centuries that follow.<ref>{{cite book|last=Lingelbach |first=William E. |title=The History of Nations: Austria-Hungary |publisher=P. F. Collier & Son Company |location=New York |year=1913 |asin=B000L3E368}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Pohl |first=Walter |title=Die Welt der Babenberger |publisher=Verlag Styria |location=Graz |year=1995|pages=90-91 |isbn=978-3-222-12334-4}}</ref>
* [[March 16]] &ndash; A solar eclipse crosses northern [[South America]] and [[Central Europe]].<ref>[http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEsearch/SEsearchmap.php?Ecl=14850316 NASA Eclipse site] Visited June 4, 2015</ref>
* [[January 29]] &ndash; The [[Siege of Vienna (1485)|siege]] of [[Vienna]], capital of the [[Holy Roman Empire]], is started by the [[Black Army of Hungary|Black Army]] of the [[Kingdom of Hungary]] in the ninth year of the ongoing [[Austrian-Hungarian War (1477–1488)|Austrian-Hungarian War]].<ref name=Geissau>{{cite book |author = Anton Ferdinand von Geissau |title = Geschichte der Belagerung Wiens durch den König Mathias von Hungarn, in den Jahren 1484 bis 1485 |trans-title=History of the siege of Vienna by King Matthias of Hungary from 1484 to 1485 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=SZ0AAAAAcAAJ |accessdate = 1 July 2011 |publisher = Anton Strauss |location = [[Vienna]] |year = 1805 |language = German}}</ref> Vienna is defended by a force of only 3,000 soldiers and cavalry, against 28,000 soldiers and cavalry of the Black Army, and the city falls to Hungary within four months.<ref>{{cite book |author = Ignatius Aurelius Fessler |title = Die geschichten der Ungern und ihrer landsassen|trans-title=History of Hungary and its territorial changes |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=wogCAAAAMAAJ |publisher = Johann Friedrich Gleditsch |location = [[Leipzig]] |year = 1822 |language = German |page = 384}}</ref>
* [[June 1]] &ndash; [[Matthias Corvinus|Matthias]] of [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]] [[Siege of Vienna (1485)|takes Vienna]], in his conquest of [[Archduchy of Austria|Austria]] (from [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick III]]), and makes the city his [[Capital (political)|capital]].
* [[February 3]] &ndash; Three days after returning to Germany following his pilgrimage to the [[Holy Land]], [[John V, Count of Nassau-Siegen]] founds the Franciscan monastery at his capital in [[Siegen]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.siegen.de/fileadmin/cms/pdf/Stadtarchiv/Dokumentationzum500.TodestagvonJohannV.GrafzuNassau.pdf |title=Kloster, Krypta, Kontroversen. Zum 500. Todesjahr des Siegener Landesherrn Johann&nbsp;V. Graf zu Nassau, Katzenelnbogen, Vianden und Diez, Herr Breda, Grimbergen und Diest (1455–1516) |last=Brachthäuser |first=Christian |date=1 October 2016 |website=Universitätsstadt Siegen |access-date=8 July 2022|pages=5-6 }}</ref>
* [[August 5]]&ndash;[[August 7|7]] &ndash; The first outbreak of [[sweating sickness]] in [[Kingdom of England|England]] begins.
* [[February 9]] &ndash; The [[Adana campaign]] begins when the [[Mamluk Sultanate]], based in the Middle East, begins a siege to recover the city of [[Adana]] (now in Turkey), recently captured by the Ottoman Empire. General [[Uzbek min Tutuh]], Governor of Damascus, leads the Mamluk troops
* [[August 22]] &ndash; [[Battle of Bosworth]]: King [[Richard III of England]] is defeated by (rival claimant to the throne of [[England]]) [[Henry VII of England|Henry Tudor]], [[Earl of Richmond]]; Richard dies in battle, and Henry Tudor becomes King [[Henry VII of England]] (although Henry marks this battle as August 21, so that he can declare all his opponents traitors).
* [[March 16]] &ndash; A solar eclipse crosses northern [[South America]] and [[Central Europe]]. (March 8 O.S.)<ref>[http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEsearch/SEsearchmap.php?Ecl=14850316 NASA Eclipse site] Visited June 4, 2015</ref> Although King Richard III's wife, the Queen Consort, dies on March 16, 1485 as well, the Julian calendar date is eight days sooner than the Gregorian calendar date of March 24.
* [[September 12]] &ndash; [[Grand Duchy of Moscow|Muscovian]] forces conquer [[Tver]].
* [[September 15]] &ndash; [[Peter Arbues]] is assaulted while praying in the cathedral at [[Zaragoza]], [[Spain]]; he dies on September 17.  He had been appointed Inquisitor of Aragon by the Inquisitor General, [[Tomás de Torquemada]], in the campaign against heresy and crypto-Judaism.
* [[October 30]] &ndash; King Henry VII of England is crowned.
* [[November 2]] &ndash; The Peace of [[Bourges]] stops the [[Mad War]].


=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 16]] &ndash; [[Vuk Grgurević|Vuk Grgurevic Brancovic]], the [[Despot of Serbia]] under Hungarian rule, dies after a reign of 14 years, bringing the Brankovic dynasty to an end, leaving the office vacant and prompting Hungary's King Matthias Corvinus to find a suitable heir.
* [[April 27]] &ndash; King Charles VIII of France convenes a [[Lit de justice|lit de justice]], a special session of the Parlement de Paris at [[Rouen]], confirms the [[Charter to the Normans]], the French acknowledgment of the autonomy of the [[Duchy of Normandy]] within the Kingdom of France.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Contamine |first=Philippe |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_2ydotlxKeUC&pg=PA215 |title=England and Normandy in the Middle Ages |date=1994 |publisher=[[The Hambledon Press]] |isbn=1-85285-083-3 |editor-last=Bates |editor-first=David |pages=226 |language=en |chapter=Chapter 16: The Norman “Nation” and the French “Nation” in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries |type=Proceedings of the conference held at the University of Reading in September 1992 |oclc=299458007 |editor-last2=Curry |editor-first2=Anne}}</ref>
* [[May 22]] &ndash; In Spain, the Christian [[Crown of Castile]] seizes the city of [[Ronda]] from the Islamic [[Emirate of Granada]].
* [[May 26]] &ndash; King [[James III of Scotland]] gives [[royal assent]] to numerous acts passed by the [[List of acts of the Parliament of Scotland from 1485|Scottish Parliament]], including the England Act (regarding the peace between "betuix our soverane lord and Richard king of Ingland", and "the marriage and alliance appointed to be made and performed.")<ref>{{cite book |title=Chronological Table of the Statutes |url={{GBurl|lUMIAAAAMAAJ|page=1323}} |date=1972 |publisher=Her Majesty's Stationery Office |location=London |via=[[Google Books]] |page=1323}}</ref>
* [[June 1]] &ndash; King [[Matthias Corvinus]] of [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]] [[Siege of Vienna (1485)|secures the surrender]] of [[Vienna]], the Holy Roman Empire's capital, after a siege of four months.<ref name=Geissau/> [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor]], had departed the city before the siege began.
* [[June 22]] &ndash; King Richard III of England, alerted to news that Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond, is planning to invade England, orders his lords to be fully alert.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ross |first=Charles |title=Richard III |series=Yale English Monarchs |orig-year=1981 |year=1999 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven, Connecticut |pages=208-209|isbn=0-300-07979-6}}</ref>
=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[August 1]]&ndash; Accompanied by his own troops and French mercenaries, Henry Tudor sets sail from [[Honfleur]] in [[France]] with 30 ships to begin his second attempt to invade the Kingdom of England.<ref>{{cite book |last=Lander |first=Jack |title=Government and Community: England, 1450–1509 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sqqpQvfa1UgC |year=1981 |orig-year=1980 |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |location=Cambridge |page=325|isbn=0-674-35794-9 |chapter=Richard III |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sqqpQvfa1UgC&pg=PA310}}</ref>
* [[August 5]]&ndash; The first outbreak of [[sweating sickness]] in [[Kingdom of England|England]] begins.
* [[August 7]]&ndash; After departing France and sailing around the south coast of the island of Britain, Henry Tudor and his troops enter Mill Bay and land near [[Dale, Pembrokeshire]] [[Wales]] without opposition<ref>{{cite book |last=Chrimes |first=Stanley |title=Henry VII |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MQlo014s8lkC |series=Yale English Monarchs |orig-year=1972 |year=1999 |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |location=[[New Haven, Connecticut]] |pages=40-41|isbn=0-300-07883-8}}, pp. 40–41, 342</ref>., and begin marching toward London to attack King Richard, camping at Haverfordwest. From there, the Tudor supporters march north to Cardigan; Llwyn Dafydd; Llanilar, Aberystwyth; Machynlleth, then turn eastward at Mathafarn on August 14.
* [[August 11]]&ndash; News of Henry's landing at Wales reaches Richard, who issues a mobilization order that his lords received on August 14.
* [[August 15]]&ndash; Henry Tudor's army begins crossing the border from Wales into England at Mathafarn, then begin marhing toward London.
* [[August 22]] &ndash; At the [[Battle of Bosworth Field]], King [[Richard III of England]] is killed in battle by the soldiers of [[Rhys ap Thomas]] and Sir [[William Stanley (died 1495)|William Stanley]], in the service of  [[Henry VII of England|Henry Tudor]], [[Earl of Richmond]].<ref>Ralph Griffith (1993). ''Sir Rhys ap Thomas and his family: a study in the Wars of the Roses and early Tudor politics'', University of Wales Press, p. 43, {{ISBN|0708312187}}.</ref> With the death of King Richard, the Yorkist troops retreat.<ref>[[Thomas Penn (historian)|Thomas Penn]] (2011). ''Winter King: Henry VII and The Dawn of Tudor England'', Simon & Schuster, p. 9, {{ISBN|978-1-4391-9156-9}}</ref> King Richard's remains will lie undiscovered for 517 years until [[2012 ]]when they are found during the exacavation of a parking lot in [[Leicester]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Richard III dig: 'Strong chance' bones belong to king |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leicestershire-19561018 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=12 September 2012 |access-date=13 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kennedy |first=Maev |author-link=Maev Kennedy |date=4 February 2013 |title=Richard III: DNA confirms twisted bones belong to king |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/feb/04/richard-iii-dna-bones-king |access-date=19 July 2018 |work=The Guardian}}</ref>
* [[September 8]] &ndash; The army of the [[Grand Duchy of Moscow]] forces, led by Ivan III, invades the city of [[Tver]], ruled by [[Mikhail III of Tver|Mikhail III]] and capital of the Duchy of Tver. Within 10 days, Ivan is able to claim the Duchy.
* [[September 15]] &ndash;
**[[Peter Arbues]] is assaulted while praying in the cathedral at [[Zaragoza]] in the [[Kingdom of Aragon]], now part of [[Spain]]; he dies on September 17.  He had been appointed Inquisitor of Aragon by the Inquisitor General, [[Tomás de Torquemada]], in the campaign against heresy and Spanish Judaism.
**Less than four weeks after the Battle of Bosworth and the defeat of Richard III, [[King Henry VII]] summons the English Parliament, directing the members of the House of Lords and the House of Commons to assemble at Westminster for the November 7 opening of the English Parliament.
=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 12]] &ndash; [[Thomas Lovell]] is appointed for life as England's [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]] by King Henry. He will serve for 39 years before his death in 1524.
* [[October 30]] &ndash; The coronation of King Henry VII as King of England is held.
* [[November 2]] &ndash; The Peace of [[Bourges]] temporarily stops the civil war in France, dubbed "the [[Mad War]]". (''la Guerre folle'')
* [[November 7]] &ndash; THe first session of the English Parliament under King Henry VII is opened, with Lovell elected as the [[Speaker of the House of Commons]].<ref>{{DNB |wstitle= Lovell, Thomas |volume= 34 |last= Archbold |first= W.A.J. |author-link= |year=1893|pages= 175-176 |short= }}</ref>
* [[December 10]] &ndash; Members of the House of Commons ask King Henry VII to marry [[Elizabeth of York]].
=== Date unknown ===
=== Date unknown ===
* [[Leon Battista Alberti]]'s ''[[De Re Aedificatoria]]'' (written 1443&ndash;1452 and published posthumously) becomes the first printed work on architecture.
* [[Leon Battista Alberti]]'s ''[[De Re Aedificatoria]]'' (written 1443&ndash;1452 and published posthumously) becomes the first printed work on architecture.

Latest revision as of 00:17, 1 November 2025

File:A Chronicle of England - Page 453 - Richard III at Bosworth.jpg
Richard III of England is killed at the Battle of Bosworth Field.

Template:About year Template:Year nav Script error: No such module "Sidebar". Script error: No such module "Year in various calendars".Year 1485 (MCDLXXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.

Events

January–March

April–June

July–September

  • August 1– Accompanied by his own troops and French mercenaries, Henry Tudor sets sail from Honfleur in France with 30 ships to begin his second attempt to invade the Kingdom of England.[10]
  • August 5– The first outbreak of sweating sickness in England begins.
  • August 7– After departing France and sailing around the south coast of the island of Britain, Henry Tudor and his troops enter Mill Bay and land near Dale, Pembrokeshire Wales without opposition[11]., and begin marching toward London to attack King Richard, camping at Haverfordwest. From there, the Tudor supporters march north to Cardigan; Llwyn Dafydd; Llanilar, Aberystwyth; Machynlleth, then turn eastward at Mathafarn on August 14.
  • August 11– News of Henry's landing at Wales reaches Richard, who issues a mobilization order that his lords received on August 14.
  • August 15– Henry Tudor's army begins crossing the border from Wales into England at Mathafarn, then begin marhing toward London.
  • August 22 – At the Battle of Bosworth Field, King Richard III of England is killed in battle by the soldiers of Rhys ap Thomas and Sir William Stanley, in the service of Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond.[12] With the death of King Richard, the Yorkist troops retreat.[13] King Richard's remains will lie undiscovered for 517 years until 2012 when they are found during the exacavation of a parking lot in Leicester.[14][15]
  • September 8 – The army of the Grand Duchy of Moscow forces, led by Ivan III, invades the city of Tver, ruled by Mikhail III and capital of the Duchy of Tver. Within 10 days, Ivan is able to claim the Duchy.
  • September 15 –
    • Peter Arbues is assaulted while praying in the cathedral at Zaragoza in the Kingdom of Aragon, now part of Spain; he dies on September 17. He had been appointed Inquisitor of Aragon by the Inquisitor General, Tomás de Torquemada, in the campaign against heresy and Spanish Judaism.
    • Less than four weeks after the Battle of Bosworth and the defeat of Richard III, King Henry VII summons the English Parliament, directing the members of the House of Lords and the House of Commons to assemble at Westminster for the November 7 opening of the English Parliament.

October–December

Date unknown

Births

File:Hernán Cortés anónimo.jpg
Hernán Cortés

Deaths

References

Template:Reflist

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ NASA Eclipse site Visited June 4, 2015
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"., pp. 40–41, 342
  12. ↑ Ralph Griffith (1993). Sir Rhys ap Thomas and his family: a study in the Wars of the Roses and early Tudor politics, University of Wales Press, p. 43, Template:ISBN.
  13. ↑ Thomas Penn (2011). Winter King: Henry VII and The Dawn of Tudor England, Simon & Schuster, p. 9, Template:ISBN
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Template:DNB
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Template:DBI
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