P: Difference between revisions
imported>Permacultura →Derived ligatures, abbreviations, signs and symbols: *♇ : Pluto symbol, a monogram of the letters "PL", and also the initials of Percival Lowell, heralding his role in its discovery |
imported>JMF →Computing: continued replacement of table of obsolete or off-topic forms with simple list. |
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{{ | {{Short description|Sixteenth letter of the Latin alphabet}} | ||
{{About|the letter of the Latin alphabet}} | {{About|the letter of the Latin alphabet}} | ||
{{Technical reasons|:P|the keyboard symbol|List of emoticons}} | {{Technical reasons|:P|the keyboard symbol|List of emoticons}} | ||
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**Պ պ: [[Armenian alphabet|Armenian letter]] [[Pe (Armenian)|Pe]] | **Պ պ: [[Armenian alphabet|Armenian letter]] [[Pe (Armenian)|Pe]] | ||
*P with [[diacritic]]s: [[Acute accent|Ṕ ṕ]] [[Dot (diacritic)|Ṗ ṗ]] [[P with stroke|Ᵽ ᵽ]] [[Ƥ|Ƥ ƥ]] [[Tilde|ᵱ]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03174r2-mid-tilde.pdf|title=L2/03-174R2: Proposal to Encode Phonetic Symbols with Middle Tilde in the UCS|date=2003-09-30|first=Peter|last=Constable|access-date=2018-03-24|archive-date=2017-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011013938/http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03174r2-mid-tilde.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> [[ᶈ]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04132-n2740-phonetic.pdf|title=L2/04-132 Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS|date=2004-04-19|first=Peter|last=Constable|access-date=2018-03-24|archive-date=2017-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011014355/http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04132-n2740-phonetic.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | *P with [[diacritic]]s: [[Acute accent|Ṕ ṕ]] [[Dot (diacritic)|Ṗ ṗ]] [[P with stroke|Ᵽ ᵽ]] [[Ƥ|Ƥ ƥ]] [[Tilde|ᵱ]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03174r2-mid-tilde.pdf|title=L2/03-174R2: Proposal to Encode Phonetic Symbols with Middle Tilde in the UCS|date=2003-09-30|first=Peter|last=Constable|access-date=2018-03-24|archive-date=2017-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011013938/http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03174r2-mid-tilde.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> [[ᶈ]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04132-n2740-phonetic.pdf|title=L2/04-132 Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS|date=2004-04-19|first=Peter|last=Constable|access-date=2018-03-24|archive-date=2017-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011014355/http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04132-n2740-phonetic.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
*[[Turned P]] | *[[Turned P]]: <span style="transform: rotate(180deg); display: inline-block;">P</span> d, an additional letter of the [[Latin script]] not encoded in [[Unicode]] | ||
*[[Uralic Phonetic Alphabet]]-specific symbols related to P:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02141-n2419-uralic-phonetic.pdf|title=L2/02-141: Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS|date=2002-03-20|first1=Michael|last1=Everson|author-link1=Michael Everson|display-authors=etal|access-date=2018-03-24|archive-date=2018-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219081033/http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02141-n2419-uralic-phonetic.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | *[[Uralic Phonetic Alphabet]]-specific symbols related to P:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02141-n2419-uralic-phonetic.pdf|title=L2/02-141: Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS|date=2002-03-20|first1=Michael|last1=Everson|author-link1=Michael Everson|display-authors=etal|access-date=2018-03-24|archive-date=2018-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219081033/http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02141-n2419-uralic-phonetic.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
**{{Unichar|1D18|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL P}} | **{{Unichar|1D18|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL P}} | ||
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{{anchor|Codes for computing}} | {{anchor|Codes for computing}} | ||
===Computing <span class="anchor" id="Computing codes"></span>=== | ===Computing <span class="anchor" id="Computing codes"></span>=== | ||
{{ | * {{unichar| 0050}} | ||
| 0050 | |||
* {{unichar| 0070 }} | |||
* {{unichar| FF30 |nlink=half-width and full-width forms}} | |||
}} | * {{unichar| FF50}} | ||
{{ | |||
===Other=== | ===Other=== | ||
Revision as of 14:42, 8 October 2025
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "about". Template:Technical reasons
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P, or p, is the sixteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is pee (pronounced Template:IPAc-en), plural pees.[1]
History
The Semitic Pê (mouth), as well as the Greek Π or π (Pi), and the Etruscan and Latin letters that developed from the former alphabet all symbolized Script error: No such module "IPA"., a voiceless bilabial plosive.
| Egyptian | Proto-Sinaitic | Proto-Canaanite pʿit |
Phoenician Pe |
Western Greek Pi |
Etruscan P |
Latin P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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|
File:Proto-semiticP-01.svg | File:Protope.svg | File:PhoenicianP-01.svg | File:Greek Pi archaic.svg | File:EtruscanP-01.svg | Latin P |
Use in writing systems
| Orthography | Phonemes |
|---|---|
| Template:Nwr (Pinyin) | Template:IPAslink |
| English | Template:IPAslink, silent |
| French | Template:IPAslink, silent |
| German | Template:IPAslink |
| Portuguese | Template:IPAslink |
| Spanish | Template:IPAslink |
| Turkish | Template:IPAslink |
English
In English orthography, Template:Angbr represents the sound Template:IPAslink.
A common digraph in English is Template:Angbr, which represents the sound Template:IPAc-en, and can be used to transliterate Template:Angbr phi in loanwords from Greek. In German, the digraph Template:Angbr is common, representing a labial affricate Script error: No such module "IPA"..
Most English words beginning with Template:Angbr are of foreign origin, primarily French, Latin and Greek; these languages preserve the Proto-Indo-European initial *p. Native English cognates of such words often start with Template:Angbr, since English is a Germanic language and thus has undergone Grimm's law; a native English word with an initial Script error: No such module "IPA". would reflect Proto-Indo-European initial *b, which is so rare that its existence as a phoneme is disputed. However, native English words with non-initial Template:Angbr are quite common; such words can come from either Kluge's law or the consonant cluster Script error: No such module "IPA". (PIE: *p has been preserved after s).
P is the eighth least frequently used letter in the English language.
Other languages
In most European languages, Template:Angbr represents the sound Template:IPAslink.
Other systems
In the International Phonetic Alphabet, Template:Angbr is used to represent the voiceless bilabial plosive.
Other uses
- A bold italic letter Template:Serif is used in musical notation as a dynamic indicator for "quiet". It stands for the Italian word piano.[2][3]
Related characters
Ancestors, descendants and siblings
The Latin letter P represents the same sound as the Greek letter Pi, but it looks like the Greek letter Rho.
- 𐤐 : Semitic letter Pe, from which the following symbols originally derive:
- Π π : Greek letter Pi
- 𐌐 : Old Italic and Old Latin P, which derives from Greek Pi, and is the ancestor of modern Latin P. The Roman P had this form (𐌐) on coins and inscriptions until the reign of Claudius, c. Template:TrimScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"..
- Template:Script/Gothic : Gothic letter pertra/pairþa, which derives from Greek Pi
- П п : Cyrillic letter Pe, which derives from Greek Pi
- <templatestyles src="Script/styles_coptic.css" />Ⲡ ⲡ : Coptic letter Pi
- Պ պ: Armenian letter Pe
- Π π : Greek letter Pi
- P with diacritics: Ṕ ṕ Ṗ ṗ Ᵽ ᵽ Ƥ ƥ ᵱ[4] ᶈ[5]
- Turned P: P d, an additional letter of the Latin script not encoded in Unicode
- Uralic Phonetic Alphabet-specific symbols related to P:[6]
- p : Subscript small p was used in the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet prior to its formal standardization in 1902[7]
Derived ligatures, abbreviations, signs and symbols
- ₱ : Philippine peso sign
- 𝒫, 𝓅 : script letter P (uppercase and lowercase, respectively), used in mathematics. (In other contexts, a script typeface (or computer font) should be used.)
- ℘ Weierstrass p
- ℗ : sound recording copyright symbol
- ♇ : Pluto symbol, a monogram of the letters "PL", and also the initials of Percival Lowell, heralding his role in its discovery
- ꟼ : Reversed P was used in ancient Roman texts to stand for puella (girl)[8]
- Ꝑ ꝑ, Ꝓ ꝓ, Ꝕ, ꝕ : Various forms of P were used for medieval scribal abbreviations[9]
Other representations
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Computing
Other
See also
- Mind your Ps and Qs
- Pence or "penny", the English slang for which is p (e.g. "20p" = 20 pence)
References
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- ↑ "P", Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition (1989); Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (1993); "pee," op. cit.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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