Jabal al-Nour: Difference between revisions

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== Geology ==
== Geology ==
The mountain is composed of [[Intrusive rock|intrusive igneous rocks]], predominantly [[Precambrian]] aged coarse grained [[hornblende]] [[tonalite]], with subordinate [[granodiorite]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Youssef |first1=Ahmed M. |last2=Pradhan |first2=Biswajeet |last3=Al-Kathery |first3=Mohamed |last4=Bathrellos |first4=George D. |last5=Skilodimou |first5=Hariklia D. |date=January 2015 |title=Assessment of rockfall hazard at Al-Noor Mountain, Makkah city (Saudi Arabia) using spatio-temporal remote sensing data and field investigation |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1464343X1400329X |journal=Journal of African Earth Sciences |language=en |volume=101 |pages=309–321 |doi=10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2014.09.021|bibcode=2015JAfES.101..309Y }}</ref>
The mountain is composed of [[Intrusive rock|intrusive igneous rocks]], predominantly [[Precambrian]] aged coarse grained [[hornblende]] [[tonalite]], with subordinate [[granodiorite]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Youssef |first1=Ahmed M. |last2=Pradhan |first2=Biswajeet |last3=Al-Kathery |first3=Mohamed |last4=Bathrellos |first4=George D. |last5=Skilodimou |first5=Hariklia D. |date=January 2015 |title=Assessment of rockfall hazard at Al-Noor Mountain, Makkah city (Saudi Arabia) using spatio-temporal remote sensing data and field investigation |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1464343X1400329X |journal=Journal of African Earth Sciences |language=en |volume=101 |pages=309–321 |doi=10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2014.09.021|bibcode=2015JAfES.101..309Y |url-access=subscription }}</ref>


==Cave of Hira==
==Cave of Hira==
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The Cave of Hira was of minor significance before Islam, its name comes from ''hira'' (jewels). Taking 1750 walking steps to reach, it is about {{convert|12|ft|abbr=on|order=flip}} in length and {{convert|5|ft|3|in|abbr=on|order=flip}} in width.<ref name="icoh"/> It is at a height of {{convert|270|m|abbr=on}}.<ref name="tour">{{cite web |publisher=Saudi Tourism |url=http://www.sauditourism.com.sa/en/Provinces/news.aspx?NewsID=26 |url-status=dead |title=Saudi Tourism |access-date=2018-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008111737/http://www.sauditourism.com.sa/en/Provinces/news.aspx?NewsID=26 |archive-date=2011-10-08 }}</ref> During the ''[[Hajj]]'' (pilgrimage), an estimated five thousand visitors climb to it daily to see the place where Prophet Muhammad is believed to have received the first revelation of the Quran on the ''[[Laylat al-Qadr]]'' (night of power) by the angel [[Gabriel|Jibreel (Gabriel)]].<ref name="tour"/> Most Muslims do not consider visiting the cave an integral part of the Hajj. Nonetheless many visit it for reasons of personal pleasure and spirituality, and though some consider it a place of worship, this view conflicts with [[Salafist]] interpretations of Islamic ritual. While the cave plays an important role in ''[[Prophetic biography|As-Sīrah an-Nabawiyyah]]'' (prophetic biography), it is not considered as holy as other sites in Mecca, such as the [[Al-Haram Mosque]], and so under most interpretations of [[Islam]], the same reward is received for praying here as any other place in Mecca.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Multiplication of reward for prayer in Makkah and Madeenah - Islamweb - Fatwas|url=https://www.islamweb.net/en/fatwa/350878/multiplication-of-reward-for-prayer-in-makkah-and-madeenah|access-date=2021-07-12|website=www.islamweb.net}}</ref>
The Cave of Hira was of minor significance before Islam, its name comes from ''hira'' (jewels). Taking 1750 walking steps to reach, it is about {{convert|12|ft|abbr=on|order=flip}} in length and {{convert|5|ft|3|in|abbr=on|order=flip}} in width.<ref name="icoh"/> It is at a height of {{convert|270|m|abbr=on}}.<ref name="tour">{{cite web |publisher=Saudi Tourism |url=http://www.sauditourism.com.sa/en/Provinces/news.aspx?NewsID=26 |url-status=dead |title=Saudi Tourism |access-date=2018-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008111737/http://www.sauditourism.com.sa/en/Provinces/news.aspx?NewsID=26 |archive-date=2011-10-08 }}</ref> During the ''[[Hajj]]'' (pilgrimage), an estimated five thousand visitors climb to it daily to see the place where Prophet Muhammad is believed to have received the first revelation of the Quran on the ''[[Laylat al-Qadr]]'' (night of power) by the angel [[Gabriel|Jibreel (Gabriel)]].<ref name="tour"/> Most Muslims do not consider visiting the cave an integral part of the Hajj. Nonetheless many visit it for reasons of personal pleasure and spirituality, and though some consider it a place of worship, this view conflicts with [[Salafist]] interpretations of Islamic ritual. While the cave plays an important role in ''[[Prophetic biography|As-Sīrah an-Nabawiyyah]]'' (prophetic biography), it is not considered as holy as other sites in Mecca, such as the [[Al-Haram Mosque]], and so under most interpretations of [[Islam]], the same reward is received for praying here as any other place in Mecca.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Multiplication of reward for prayer in Makkah and Madeenah - Islamweb - Fatwas|url=https://www.islamweb.net/en/fatwa/350878/multiplication-of-reward-for-prayer-in-makkah-and-madeenah|access-date=2021-07-12|website=www.islamweb.net}}</ref>


Before Prophet Muhammad's first revelation, he had [[Transcendence (religion)|transcendental]] dreams, in which were signs that his prophethood had begun and that the stones in Mecca would greet him with the ''[[As-salamu alaykum|salaam]]''. These dreams lasted for six months.<ref name="Mubarakpuri1998">{{cite book |last=Mubārakpūrī |first=Ṣafī R. |url=https://archive.org/details/when-the-moon-split-a-biography-of-proph |title=When the Moon Split (A Biography of the Prophet Muhammad) |date=1998 |publisher=Darussalam |place=Riyadh |pages=32}}</ref>
According to Islamic tradition, before Prophet Muhammad's first revelation, he had [[Transcendence (religion)|transcendental]] dreams, in which were signs that his prophethood had begun and that the stones in Mecca would greet him with the ''[[As-salamu alaykum|salaam]]''. These dreams lasted for six months.<ref name="Mubarakpuri1998">{{cite book |last=Mubārakpūrī |first=Ṣafī R. |url=https://archive.org/details/when-the-moon-split-a-biography-of-proph |title=When the Moon Split (A Biography of the Prophet Muhammad) |date=1998 |publisher=Darussalam |place=Riyadh |pages=32}}</ref>


An increasing need for solitude led Prophet Muhammad to seek seclusion and meditation ([[Muraqabah]]) in the rocky hills which surrounded Mecca.<ref>{{cite book |last=Peterson |first=Daniel C. |title=Muhammad, prophet of Allah |place=Grand Rapids, Mich. |date=2013}}</ref> He retreated to the cave for one month each year, engaging in seclusion ([[Taḥannuth|Tahannuth]]).{{efn|It has a number of meanings,<ref name="EOI2017Taḥannuth">{{citation |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia of Islam]] |title=Taḥannut̲h̲ |publisher=Brill |edition=2 |url=http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/tahannuth-SIM_7304?s.num=114&s.start=100 |year=2017 |access-date=2018-04-11}}</ref><ref name="Kister1968">{{citation |author=Kister, M. J. |title="Al-Taḥannuth": An Inquiry into the Meaning of a Term |website=Kister.huji.ac.il |volume=31 |number=2 |pages=223–236 |url=http://www.kister.huji.ac.il/sites/default/files/Tahannuth.pdf |year=1968 |access-date=2018-04-11}}</ref> one of which is 'self-justification', as practised by the tribe of [[Quraysh]] during the ''[[Jahiliyyah|Jāhiliyyah]]''.}}<ref name=Weir/><ref name=Tabari>{{cite book |last=al-Tabarī |first=Abū Ja'far Muhammad B. Jarīr |editor-first1=W. Montgomery |editor-last1=Watt |editor-first2=M.V. |editor-last2=McDonald |date=1988 |trans-title=The history of al-Tabarī |title=Ta'rīkh al-rusul wa'l-mulūk |volume=6 |place=Albany, N.Y. |publisher=State University of New York Press}}</ref> He took provisions and fed the poor who came to him. Before returning home to his family for more provisions, he would circumambulate the Kaaba seven times.<ref name=Tabari/>
An increasing need for solitude led Prophet Muhammad to seek seclusion and meditation ([[Muraqabah]]) in the rocky hills which surrounded Mecca.<ref>{{cite book |last=Peterson |first=Daniel C. |title=Muhammad, prophet of Allah |place=Grand Rapids, Mich. |date=2013}}</ref> He retreated to the cave for one month each year, engaging in seclusion ([[Taḥannuth|Tahannuth]]).{{efn|It has a number of meanings,<ref name="EOI2017Taḥannuth">{{citation |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia of Islam]] |title=Taḥannut̲h̲ |publisher=Brill |edition=2 |url=http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/tahannuth-SIM_7304?s.num=114&s.start=100 |year=2017 |access-date=2018-04-11}}</ref><ref name="Kister1968">{{citation |author=Kister, M. J. |title="Al-Taḥannuth": An Inquiry into the Meaning of a Term |website=Kister.huji.ac.il |volume=31 |number=2 |pages=223–236 |url=http://www.kister.huji.ac.il/sites/default/files/Tahannuth.pdf |year=1968 |access-date=2018-04-11}}</ref> one of which is 'self-justification', as practised by the tribe of [[Quraysh]] during the ''[[Jahiliyyah|Jāhiliyyah]]''.}}<ref name=Weir/><ref name=Tabari>{{cite book |last=al-Tabarī |first=Abū Ja'far Muhammad B. Jarīr |editor-first1=W. Montgomery |editor-last1=Watt |editor-first2=M.V. |editor-last2=McDonald |date=1988 |trans-title=The history of al-Tabarī |title=Ta'rīkh al-rusul wa'l-mulūk |volume=6 |place=Albany, N.Y. |publisher=State University of New York Press}}</ref> He took provisions and fed the poor who came to him. Before returning home to his family for more provisions, he would circumambulate the Kaaba seven times.<ref name=Tabari/>

Latest revision as of 18:00, 27 June 2025

Template:Short description Template:Infobox mountain

Jabal al-Nour (Template:Langx or 'Hill of the Illumination') is a mountain near Mecca in the Hejaz region of Saudi Arabia.[1] The mountain houses the grotto or cave of Hira (Template:Langx), which holds tremendous significance for Muslims throughout the world, as it is here where the Islamic prophet Muhammad received his first revelation of the Quran, which consisted of the first five ayat of Surah Al-Alaq from the angel Jibra'il (as is pronounced in certain Quran recitation schools and some Arab tribes; also known as Gabriel).[2] It is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Makkah. The mountain itself is barely Template:Convert tall; nonetheless one to two hours are needed to make the strenuous hike to the cave. There are 1750 steps to the top which can take anywhere between half an hour and three hours.[3] For Muslims, Jabal al-Nour represents a sacred place of profound significance, where the first revelation of the Quran was received in the Cave of Hira. [4]

Etymology

This is where Muhammad is said to have had his first revelation and received five verses of the Quran, the mountain was given the title Jabal an-Nūr ("Mountain of the Light" or "Mountain of the Enlightenment"). This experience is sometimes identified with the beginning of revelation; hence the present name.[5] The date of the first revelation is said to have occurred on Laylat al-Qadr,[6] one of the last 10 nights of Ramadan, suggested to have been around August of 610 A.D.

Appearance

One physical feature that differentiates Jabal al-Nour from other mountains and hills is its unusual summit, which makes it look as if two mountains are on top of each other. The top of this mountain in the mountainous desert is one of the loneliest of places. However, the cave within, which faces the direction of the Kaaba, is even more isolated. While standing in the courtyard back then, people could only look over the surrounding rocks. Nowadays, people can see the surrounding rocks as well as buildings that are hundreds of meters below and hundreds of meters to many kilometers away. Hira is both without water or vegetation other than a few thorns. Hira is higher than Thabīr (Script error: No such module "Lang".),Template:Efn and is crowned by a steep and slippery peak, which Muhammad with some companions once climbed.[7]

Geology

The mountain is composed of intrusive igneous rocks, predominantly Precambrian aged coarse grained hornblende tonalite, with subordinate granodiorite.[8]

Cave of Hira

File:Hira Cave.jpg
The entrance to the Cave of Hira in the mountain

The Cave of Hira was of minor significance before Islam, its name comes from hira (jewels). Taking 1750 walking steps to reach, it is about Template:Convert in length and Template:Convert in width.[2] It is at a height of Template:Convert.[9] During the Hajj (pilgrimage), an estimated five thousand visitors climb to it daily to see the place where Prophet Muhammad is believed to have received the first revelation of the Quran on the Laylat al-Qadr (night of power) by the angel Jibreel (Gabriel).[9] Most Muslims do not consider visiting the cave an integral part of the Hajj. Nonetheless many visit it for reasons of personal pleasure and spirituality, and though some consider it a place of worship, this view conflicts with Salafist interpretations of Islamic ritual. While the cave plays an important role in As-Sīrah an-Nabawiyyah (prophetic biography), it is not considered as holy as other sites in Mecca, such as the Al-Haram Mosque, and so under most interpretations of Islam, the same reward is received for praying here as any other place in Mecca.[10]

According to Islamic tradition, before Prophet Muhammad's first revelation, he had transcendental dreams, in which were signs that his prophethood had begun and that the stones in Mecca would greet him with the salaam. These dreams lasted for six months.[11]

An increasing need for solitude led Prophet Muhammad to seek seclusion and meditation (Muraqabah) in the rocky hills which surrounded Mecca.[12] He retreated to the cave for one month each year, engaging in seclusion (Tahannuth).Template:Efn[5][13] He took provisions and fed the poor who came to him. Before returning home to his family for more provisions, he would circumambulate the Kaaba seven times.[13]

Gallery

See also

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References

Template:Reflist

External links

Template:Sister project

Template:Mountains in the Arabian Peninsula Template:Holiest sites in Shia Islam

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Weir, T. H.. "Ḥirāʾ." Encyclopaedia of Islam, First Edition (1913-1936). Edited by M. Th. Houtsma, T.W. Arnold, R. Basset, R. Hartmann. Brill Online, 2013. Reference. Augustana College. 07 October 2013 <http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-1/hira-SIM_2820>
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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