Fasciation: Difference between revisions

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==Cause==
==Cause==
Fasciation can be caused by hormonal imbalances in the [[meristem]]atic cells of plants, which are cells where growth can occur.<ref name="Purdue">{{cite web | url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/ext/fascinatingfasciation.html | archive-url=https://archive.today/20121215091145/http://www.hort.purdue.edu/ext/fascinatingfasciation.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=December 15, 2012 | title=Fascinating Fasciation | publisher=Purdue University Extension | date=September 2007 | accessdate=July 3, 2012 | author=Lerner, B. Rosie}}</ref><ref>Galun, Esra (2007). [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/137324936 ''Plant Patterning: Structural and Molecular Genetic Aspects'']. World Scientific Publishing Company. p. 333. {{ISBN|9789812704085}}</ref> Fasciation can also be caused by random [[Mutation|genetic mutation]].<ref name="Deleware Extension">{{cite web | url=http://agdev.anr.udel.edu/weeklycropupdate/?p=3084 | title=Fasciation in Vegetables and Fruits | publisher=University of Delaware Cooperative Extension | date=May 27, 2011 | access-date=July 6, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207074037/http://agdev.anr.udel.edu/weeklycropupdate/?p=3084 | archive-date=February 7, 2015 | url-status=dead }}</ref> Bacterial and viral infections can also cause fasciation.<ref name="Purdue"/> The bacterial [[Phytopathology|phytopathogen]] ''[[Rhodococcus fascians]]'' has been demonstrated as one cause of fasciation, such as in sweet pea (''[[Lathyrus odoratus]]'') plants,<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/IND43968913/PDF | title=Fasciation of Sweet Peas caused by Phytomonas fascians n.sp. | journal=Journal of Agricultural Research | volume=53 |issue=5 | year=1936 | accessdate=July 7, 2012 | author=Tilford, P.E. | pages=383–394}}</ref> and in lilies ([[Lilium longiflorum]]),<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lim |first1=Y.-J. |last2=Kong |first2=H. G. |last3=Lee |first3=Y. H. |last4=Kim |first4=H. R. |last5=Park |first5=D. H. |date=April 2021 |title=First Report of Rhodococcus fascians Causing Fasciation of Lilies ( Lilium longiflorum ) in South Korea |journal=Plant Disease |language=en |volume=105 |issue=4 |pages=1190 |doi=10.1094/PDIS-10-20-2288-PDN |issn=0191-2917|doi-access=free |pmid=33349008 |bibcode=2021PlDis.105.1190L }}</ref> but many fasciated plants have tested negative for the bacteria in studies,<ref name="Colorado State">{{cite web |url=http://www.coopext.colostate.edu/TRA/PLANTS/fascia.shtml |title=Fasciation: Fascinating distortions of the plant world |publisher=Colorado State University Extension |date=April 12, 1999 |access-date=July 3, 2012 |author=Swift, Curtis E. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630160215/http://www.coopext.colostate.edu/TRA/PLANTS/fascia.shtml |archive-date=June 30, 2012 }}</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=Page was just a list / summary of various journal articles (which make better references for the relevant information)|date=August 2020}} hence bacterial infection is not an exclusive causation.
Fasciation can be caused by hormonal imbalances in the [[meristem]]atic cells of plants, which are cells where growth can occur.<ref name="Purdue">{{cite web | url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/ext/fascinatingfasciation.html | archive-url=https://archive.today/20121215091145/http://www.hort.purdue.edu/ext/fascinatingfasciation.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=December 15, 2012 | title=Fascinating Fasciation | publisher=Purdue University Extension | date=September 2007 | accessdate=July 3, 2012 | author=Lerner, B. Rosie}}</ref><ref>Galun, Esra (2007). [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/137324936 ''Plant Patterning: Structural and Molecular Genetic Aspects'']. World Scientific Publishing Company. p. 333. {{ISBN|9789812704085}}</ref> Fasciation can also be caused by random [[Mutation|genetic mutation]].<ref name="Deleware Extension">{{cite web | url=http://agdev.anr.udel.edu/weeklycropupdate/?p=3084 | title=Fasciation in Vegetables and Fruits | publisher=University of Delaware Cooperative Extension | date=May 27, 2011 | access-date=July 6, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207074037/http://agdev.anr.udel.edu/weeklycropupdate/?p=3084 | archive-date=February 7, 2015 | url-status=dead }}</ref> Bacterial and viral infections can also cause fasciation.<ref name="Purdue"/> The bacterial [[Phytopathology|phytopathogen]] ''[[Rhodococcus fascians]]'' has been demonstrated as one cause of fasciation, such as in sweet pea (''[[Lathyrus odoratus]]'') plants,<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/IND43968913/PDF | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531075607/https://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/IND43968913/PDF | url-status=dead | archive-date=May 31, 2023 | title=Fasciation of Sweet Peas caused by Phytomonas fascians n.sp. | journal=Journal of Agricultural Research | volume=53 |issue=5 | year=1936 | accessdate=July 7, 2012 | author=Tilford, P.E. | pages=383–394}}</ref> and in lilies ([[Lilium longiflorum]]),<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lim |first1=Y.-J. |last2=Kong |first2=H. G. |last3=Lee |first3=Y. H. |last4=Kim |first4=H. R. |last5=Park |first5=D. H. |date=April 2021 |title=First Report of Rhodococcus fascians Causing Fasciation of Lilies ( Lilium longiflorum ) in South Korea |journal=Plant Disease |language=en |volume=105 |issue=4 |pages=1190 |doi=10.1094/PDIS-10-20-2288-PDN |issn=0191-2917|doi-access=free |pmid=33349008 |bibcode=2021PlDis.105.1190L }}</ref> but many fasciated plants have tested negative for the bacteria in studies,<ref name="Colorado State">{{cite web |url=http://www.coopext.colostate.edu/TRA/PLANTS/fascia.shtml |title=Fasciation: Fascinating distortions of the plant world |publisher=Colorado State University Extension |date=April 12, 1999 |access-date=July 3, 2012 |author=Swift, Curtis E. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630160215/http://www.coopext.colostate.edu/TRA/PLANTS/fascia.shtml |archive-date=June 30, 2012 }}</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=Page was just a list / summary of various journal articles (which make better references for the relevant information)|date=August 2020}} hence bacterial infection is not an exclusive causation.


Additional environmental factors that can cause fasciation include fungi, [[mite]] or [[insect]] attack and exposure to chemicals.<ref name="Colorado State"/> General damage to a plant's growing tip<ref name="Colorado State"/> and exposure to cold and frost can also cause fasciation.<ref name="Purdue"/><ref name="Deleware Extension"/> Some plants, such as peas and cockscomb ''[[Celosia]]'', may inherit the trait.<ref name="Colorado State"/>
Additional environmental factors that can cause fasciation include fungi, [[mite]] or [[insect]] attack and exposure to chemicals.<ref name="Colorado State"/> General damage to a plant's growing tip<ref name="Colorado State"/> and exposure to cold and frost can also cause fasciation.<ref name="Purdue"/><ref name="Deleware Extension"/> Some plants, such as peas and cockscomb ''[[Celosia]]'', may inherit the trait.<ref name="Colorado State"/>

Latest revision as of 05:42, 29 June 2025

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File:MulesEarFasciated 107393.jpg
Wyethia helianthoides or mule's ear wildflower (on right) showing fasciation
File:Crested Saguaro cactus.jpg
A "crested" saguaro cactus (Carnegiea gigantea), resulting from fasciation, located at Saguaro National Park (West), Arizona, U.S.

Fasciation (pronounced Template:IPAc-en, from the Latin root meaning "band" or "stripe"), also known as cresting, is a relatively rare condition of abnormal growth in vascular plants in which the apical meristem (growing tip), which normally is concentrated around a single point and produces approximately cylindrical tissue, instead becomes elongated perpendicularly to the direction of growth, thus producing flattened, ribbon-like, crested (or "cristate"), or elaborately contorted tissue.[1] Fasciation may also cause plant parts to increase in weight and volume in some instances.[2] The phenomenon may occur in the stem, root, fruit, or flower head.

Some plants are grown and prized aesthetically for their development of fasciation.[3] Any occurrence of fasciation has several possible causes, including hormonal, genetic, bacterial, fungal, viral and environmental causes.

Cause

Fasciation can be caused by hormonal imbalances in the meristematic cells of plants, which are cells where growth can occur.[4][5] Fasciation can also be caused by random genetic mutation.[6] Bacterial and viral infections can also cause fasciation.[4] The bacterial phytopathogen Rhodococcus fascians has been demonstrated as one cause of fasciation, such as in sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus) plants,[7] and in lilies (Lilium longiflorum),[8] but many fasciated plants have tested negative for the bacteria in studies,[9]Template:Better source needed hence bacterial infection is not an exclusive causation.

Additional environmental factors that can cause fasciation include fungi, mite or insect attack and exposure to chemicals.[9] General damage to a plant's growing tip[9] and exposure to cold and frost can also cause fasciation.[4][6] Some plants, such as peas and cockscomb Celosia, may inherit the trait.[9]

Genetic fasciation is not contagious, but infectious fasciation can be spread from infected plants to others from contact with wounds on infected plants, and from water that carries the bacteria to other plants.[10]

Occurrence

Although fasciation is rare overall, it has been observed in over 100 vascular plant families,[11]Template:Better source needed including members of the genera Acer, Aloe, Acanthosicyos, Cannabis, Celosia, Cycas, Delphinium, Digitalis, Echinacea, Echinopsis, Euphorbia, Forsythia, Glycine max (specifically, soybean plants),[12] Primula, Iochroma, Prunus, Salix, and many genera of the cactus family, Cactaceae.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Cresting results in undulating folds instead of the typical "arms" found on mature saguaro cactus.[13]

Some varieties of Celosia are raised especially for their dependably fasciated flower heads, for which they are called "cockscomb".[4] The Japanese fantail willow (Salix sachalinensis 'Sekka') is another plant that is valued for its fasciations.[4][9]

Prevention

Fasciation that is caused by bacteria can be controlled by not using fasciated plants and disposing of fasciated material.[10] Avoiding injury to plant bases and keeping them dry can reduce the spread of bacteria.[10] Avoidance of grafting fasciated plants and the pruning of fasciated matter can also reduce the spread of bacteria.[10]

Examples

File:Echinopsis pachanoi (7996941451).jpg
Trichocereus pachanoi with crested growth.

See also

References

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  5. ↑ Galun, Esra (2007). Plant Patterning: Structural and Molecular Genetic Aspects. World Scientific Publishing Company. p. 333. Template:ISBN
  6. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
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  10. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
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  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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Further reading

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External links

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