|
|
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| {{Short description|none}} | | {{Short description|none}} |
| {{Refimprove|date=September 2023}} | | {{More citations needed|date=September 2023}} |
|
| |
|
| {{Year in Canada|1797}} | | {{Year in Canada|1797}} |
| Line 39: |
Line 39: |
| *August 3 – [[Jeffrey Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst]], army officer (b. [[1717 in Canada|1717]]) | | *August 3 – [[Jeffrey Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst]], army officer (b. [[1717 in Canada|1717]]) |
| *October 17 – [[Jean-François Hubert]], bishop of Quebec (b. [[1739 in Canada|1739]]) | | *October 17 – [[Jean-François Hubert]], bishop of Quebec (b. [[1739 in Canada|1739]]) |
|
| |
| ==Historical documents==
| |
| With [[Aroostook War#Disputed border|Maine–New Brunswick border]] commission's arrival, writer favourably compares this way of "settling national contests to that of the Bayonet!"<ref>"Boston, August 5," The St. John Gazette and Weekly Advertiser, Volume XII, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=QhmGFXoqNHAC&dat=17970818&printsec=frontpage Number 587] (August 18, 1797), pg. 2 of 2 (lefthand page, 3rd column). (See also [https://web.lib.unb.ca/winslow/fullrecord.cgi?id=1208&level=2 poem] describing this border and rest of boundaries with U.S.A.) Accessed 26 January 2024</ref>
| |
|
| |
| Border commission member [[Edward Winslow (loyalist)|Edward Winslow]] writes in spirit of reconciliation to U.S. friends from before his [[Loyalist (American Revolution)#Emigration from the United States|exile at end of American Revolutionary War]]<ref>Letter of Edward Winslow (August 17, 1797), ''Winslow Papers; A.D. 1776-1826'', pgs. 424-5 (PDF pg. 434). (See also letter (pg. 427; PDF 437) from fellow Loyalist who misses his "good old friends") Accessed 7 February 2024</ref>
| |
|
| |
| ===Lower Canada===
| |
| Anyone accused of [[Treason#History|high treason]] or [[Misprision of treason|misprision]] or suspicion of high treason or "Treasonable practices" shall be jailed without [[bail]] for 1 year<ref>[https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-better-preservation-his-majestys-government-law-happily-established-province-2d-may An Act for the better preservation of His Majesty's Government as by Law happily established in this Province] (May 2, 1797), 37 George III Chapter 6, British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 26 January 2024</ref>
| |
|
| |
| [[David McLane (merchant)|David McLane]] is convicted of treason after 14-hour trial and sentenced to death (Note: graphic description of method of execution)<ref>"Quebec, Tuesday, July 11," The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4268011 Num. 1677] Cahier 1 (July 13, 1797), pgs. 1–2. (See details of proceedings in next issues of The Quebec Gazette (in English and then French) and in [https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.36953/6 ''The Trial of David McLane for High Treason''; see also [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4268019 report] (pg. 3) from New York newspaper of conspiracy against Canada, and also [https://ia800306.us.archive.org/3/items/winslowpapersad100raymuoft/winslowpapersad100raymuoft.pdf opinion] (pg. 427; PDF 437) that French Canadians are quieter and more submissive since McLane execution) Accessed 2 February 2024</ref>
| |
|
| |
| Proclamation forbids [[Trespass to land|trespassing]] on [[Land ownership in Canada#History of land distribution|crown land]] and township [[clergy reserve]] lots, and requires unauthorized settlers to vacate them<ref>"By His Excellency Robert Prescott[....]" (August 22, 1797), The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4268025 Num. 1684] Cahier 1 (August 31, 1797), pg. 1. Accessed 2 February 2024</ref>
| |
|
| |
| Two [[Royal Navy#Age of Sail|Royal Navy]] commanders are "much flattered" by [[Sea captain|masters]] of 16 merchant ships thanking them for [[convoy]] duty "during a long and tedious traverse"<ref>"Quebec, August 24," The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4268023 Num. 1683] Cahier 1 (August 24, 1797), pg. 3. Accessed 2 February 2024</ref>
| |
|
| |
| [[Public libraries in North America#Canada|Quebec City library]] just opened to public is "where books are let to read by the year, half year, quarter, month, or single volume"<ref>"Circulating Library" (September 13, 1797), The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4268029 Num. 1686] Cahier 1 (September 14, 1797), pg. 3. Accessed 2 February 2024</ref>
| |
|
| |
| [[Midwifery#Modern history|Midwife]] Mrs. Hebert of [[British Lying-In Hospital|Lying-in-Hospital London]] gives evidence of "her ability[,] Judgement and experience" on Montreal medical board examination<ref>"Advertisement," The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4268029 Num. 1686] Cahier 1 (September 14, 1797), pg. 3. Accessed 2 February 2024</ref>
| |
|
| |
| ===Upper Canada===
| |
| Anyone who has, over past 7 years, lived or been subject in any country now at [[War of the First Coalition#1797|war]] with Britain can be forced to leave U.C. on 24 hours' notice<ref>[https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-better-securing-province-against-kings-enemies An Act for the better securing of the Province against the King’s Enemies] (1797), 37 George III Chapter 1, British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 26 January 2024</ref>
| |
|
| |
| "Principal Chiefs, Warriors and People of the [[Mississaugas|Mississague Nation]]" sell 3,450 acres at western end of [[Lake Ontario#Human history|Lake Ontario]] to British for £75 [[Coins_of_the_pound_sterling#System|2/6]] in goods<ref>[https://www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca/eng/1370372152585/1581293792285#ucls7 Treaty No. 8] (1797), Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada. Accessed 5 February 2024</ref>
| |
|
| |
| [[Joseph Brant#After the war|Joseph Brant]] and [[John Deseronto#Post-war years|John Deserontyon]] negotiate compensation of $1,000 (plus $600 expenses) from New York for [[Mohawk people|Kanien’kéhà:ka]] lands lost there<ref>[https://wardepartmentpapers.org/s/home/item/56987 "Treaty with the Mohawk Nation of Indians"] (March 29, 1797), Papers of the War Department; 1784-1800. Accessed 26 January 2024</ref>
| |
|
| |
| Woman's land grants based on her [[American Revolutionary War|wartime]] service carrying [[wikt:dispatch#English|dispatches]] between British army units, including "three times thro [sic] the Rebel army"<ref>"Moody, Mary" (April 4, 1797), [https://sites.google.com/site/niagarasettlers/upper-canada-land-petitions/petitions-m/petitions-molyneux-to Land Petitions of the Niagara Settlers "Molyneux to Morris"] Accessed 6 February 2024</ref>
| |
|
| |
| [[Militia#Canada|Militia]] major's son and daughters, "bred up on a better line of Life," want land grant because only that can make "them Independent & [[Social status|Respectable]]"<ref>"Turney, George; Undated[...]Petition of George, Jeanny and Nancy Turney[....]" (received February 4, 1797), [https://sites.google.com/site/niagarasettlers/upper-canada-land-petitions/petitions-t/petitions-turney-to-tyler Land Petitions of the Niagara Settlers "Turney to Tyler"] (See also successful petition of their mother, Mary Turney (on this page)) Accessed 6 February 2024</ref>
| |
|
| |
| [[Executive Council of Upper Canada|Council]] president [[Peter Russell (politician)#Politics|Peter Russell]] is against idea of granting land to wives of [[Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada|Assembly]] members because it might appear to be [[bribery]] by government<ref>[https://digitalarchive.tpl.ca/objects/336971/diary-concerning-land-granting-in-upper-canada# Peter Russell diary entry] (July 1, 1797), Toronto Public Library. Accessed 27 December 2023</ref>
| |
|
| |
| New [[Law Society of Ontario|Law Society of Upper Canada]] is to maintain order among lawyers and create "learned and honorable body to assist their fellow subjects"<ref>[https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-better-regulating-practice-law An Act for better regulating the Practice of the Law] (1797), 37 George III Chapter 13, British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 26 January 2024</ref>
| |
|
| |
| [[Joseph Brant#After the war|Joseph Brant]] complains that inability to sell or rent out [[Haldimand Proclamation|Grand River lands granted his people]] makes their future insecure<ref>[https://heritage.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.lac_reel_c10996/226?r=0&s=4 Excerpts of letters of Joseph Brant to John Johnson and James Green] (December 10, 1797), Indian Affairs; Lieutenant-Governor's Office - Upper Canada; Correspondence, 1796-1806, pgs. 190-6 (frames 226-32). Accessed 8 February 2024</ref>
| |
|
| |
| ===Nova Scotia===
| |
| Wet, cold weather has made growing "[[Maize#Names|Indian corn]]" not practical, so farmer advises growers to plant [[Buckwheat#Cultivation|buckwheat]] on sandy soil for almost as good profit<ref>"For the Centinel; To Farmers," The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser, Vol. VIII, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17970613&printsec=frontpage No. 463] (June 13, 1797), pg. 3 (left column). Accessed 31 January 2024</ref>
| |
|
| |
| [[Sir John Wentworth, 1st Baronet#Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia|Lt. Gov. John Wentworth]] reports on "extremely distress'd and perishing State of the Indians," who have lost both [[potato]] crop and hunting grounds<ref>John Wentworth, [https://novascotia.ca/archives/Africanns/archives.asp?ID=55 "Wentworth report on the Maroons"] (April 21, 1797), pgs. 5-7, Nova Scotia Archives. Accessed 5 February 2024</ref>
| |
|
| |
| Wentworth reports [[Jamaican_Maroons|Maroons]] in Nova Scotia are undisciplined complainers, but can be taught to be productive and successful<ref>John Wentworth, [https://novascotia.ca/archives/Africanns/archives.asp?ID=55 "Wentworth report on the Maroons"] (April 21, 1797), pgs. 2-5, Nova Scotia Archives. Accessed 5 February 2024</ref>
| |
|
| |
| After many years on land not granted them, 8 [[Acadians]] petition for "Lands + small Marshes" in [[Municipality of the District of Guysborough|Guysborough]]; move is allowed "until further orders"<ref>[https://archives.novascotia.ca/land-papers/archives/?ID=1786&Doc=memorial "Roie (Roy, Roi), Freeman and Others – 1797 – Guysborough County"] (May 27, 1797), Nova Scotia Archives. Accessed 31 January 2024</ref>
| |
|
| |
| German language religious books for sale, including [[Hymn#Development of Christian_hymnody|hymns used by Protestant Lutheran]] congregations and [[Psalms#Lutheran and Reformed usage|psalms used by Reformed Protestants]]<ref>"To be had of the Printer[....]," The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser, Vol. VIII, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17970214&printsec=frontpage No. 446] (February 14, 1797), pg. 3 (right column). Accessed 29 January 2024</ref>
| |
|
| |
| [[Lightning#Effects|Lightning]] from widespread and powerful [[thunderstorm]] strikes [[Granville_Centre,_Nova_Scotia|Granville]] barn, blowing boards 100 feet upwind and forcing many 1 foot into the ground<ref>"Extract of a letter from a Gentleman at Annapolis[....]" (June 16, 1797), The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser, Vol. VIII, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17970627&printsec=frontpage No. 465] (June 27, 1797), pg. 3 (centre column). Accessed 31 January 2024</ref>
| |
|
| |
| ===New Brunswick===
| |
| [[Letter to the editor|Letter-to-the-editor]] warns of sickness and death caused by [[quackery]] of practitioners without least knowledge of [[Medicine#Modern|medicine]]<ref>"To the Printer of the Saint John Gazette," [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=QhmGFXoqNHAC&dat=17971006&printsec=frontpage The St. John Gazette and Weekly Advertiser] Volume XII, Number 595 (October 13, 1797), pg. 4 of 11 (righthand page). Accessed 29 January 2024</ref>
| |
| -----------------
| |
| Advertisement promotes [[History of Saint John, New Brunswick#British colony (1758%E2%80%931867)|Saint John]] dancing school, instruction in [[fencing]] and [[Basket-hilted sword|broadsword]] and lessons on [[fortepiano]], [[harpsichord]] and [[spinet]]<ref>"Dancing School" (August 18, 1797), The St. John Gazette and Weekly Advertiser, Volume XII, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=QhmGFXoqNHAC&dat=17970818&printsec=frontpage Number 587] (August 18, 1797), pg. 2 of 2 (lefthand page, 3rd column). Accessed 26 January 2024</ref>
| |
|
| |
| ===Hudson's Bay Company===
| |
| [[Hudson's Bay Company#18th century|Hudson's Bay Company]] traders reach [[Assiniboine River]] via [[York Factory#History|York Factory]] and [[Swan River (Manitoba–Saskatchewan)|Swan River]] 1 month before [[North West Company]] traders can arrive<ref>John MacDonell, Some Account of the Red River, ca. 1797 (Contemporary Copy transcript), [https://digital.library.mcgill.ca/nwc/data/Mftp/0035/5_tei2web/Pg018.html Page #18 of 34] McGill Library. Accessed 6 February 2024</ref>
| |
|
| |
| Fur trader [[Donald Mackay (fur trader)|Donald Mackay]] reports seeing 93 North West Company canoes headed for [[Grand Portage National Monument#Grand Portage|Grand Portage]] with more than 125,000 "[[made beaver]]"<ref>Joseph Colen, "Nov'r 1 [1797]", [https://pam.minisisinc.com/DIGITALOBJECTS/Access/HBCA%20Microfilm/1M161/B239-A-101.pdf "York Factory - Post Journal; 1797-1799] PDF frames 11–13, Archives of Manitoba. (See also [http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/mackay_donald_6E.html Mackay biography]) Accessed 7 February 2024</ref>
| |
|
| |
| Joseph Colen describes low stock of food at [[Fort Severn First Nation#History|Fort Severn]] from "scarcity of game," which necessitates rationing and threatens "Natives" with starvation<ref>Letter of Joseph Colen (April 3, 1797), [https://pam.minisisinc.com/DIGITALOBJECTS/Access/HBCA%20Microfilm/1M135/B198-A-55.pdf "Severn - Post Journal] (1796-7; 1809-10), PDF frames 29–31, Archives of Manitoba. Accessed 7 February 2024</ref>
| |
|
| |
| ===Elsewhere===
| |
| As [[epidemic]] causes many [[Nunatsiavut|Labrador Inuit]] deaths, [[Moravian Church#Missions|Moravian missionaries]] find both their [[Conversion to Christianity|converts]] and "wild heathen" turning to "[[Traditional medicine#Folk medicine|sorcerers]]" for relief<ref>[https://collections.mun.ca/digital/collection/cns_permorv/id/32426/rec/2 "Letters(...)from the Settlements on the Coast of Labrador"] (Okkak, August 7, 1797), ''1797-1800, vol. 02: Periodical accounts relating to the missions of the Church of the United Brethren established among the heathen'', pgs. 123-4 (frames 129-30), Memorial University of Newfoundland. (See also similar news from Nain (frames 135-6)) Accessed 5 February 2024</ref>
| |
| -----------------
| |
| After 2 weeks on [[Lake Winnipeg#History|Lake Winnipeg]] (paddling 40+ miles some days), waves swamp [[Donald Mackay (fur trader)|Donald Mackay]]'s canoe, but he saves his [[Marriage à la façon du pays|wife]], baby and her sister<ref>Donald Mackay, "25 [July 1797]," [https://pam.minisisinc.com/DIGITALOBJECTS/Access/HBCA%20Microfilm/1M9/B3-A-100.pdf "Journal of Occurrences on a Journey from Albany Factory to York Factory(....)"] PDF frames 14–15, Archives of Manitoba. Accessed 2 February 2024</ref>
| |
| -----------------
| |
| "[N]otwithstanding the appearances of peace, almost all the [[European balance of power#Stately quadrille|Powers of Europe]] make preparations for war with the greatest celerity"<ref>"Quebec, Wednesday, August 30; From Paris[....]," The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4268025 Num. 1684] Cahier 1 (August 31, 1797), pg. 3. Accessed 2 February 2024</ref>
| |
| -----------------
| |
| [[Chatham Dockyard]] is to build [[Ship of the line#Evolution of design|98-gun ship]] wholly of [[Quercus robur#Taxonomy|English oak]] and with "newest improvements of [[naval architecture]]"<ref>"London, July 2; The keel[....]," The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4268029 Num. 1686] Cahier 1 (September 14, 1797), pg. 2. Accessed 2 February 2024</ref>
| |
|
| |
|
| ==References== | | ==References== |