Calvary Chapel Association: Difference between revisions

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File:Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa and Welcome to Santa Ana sign.jpg

Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa

Calvary Chapel is an international association of charismatic evangelical churches, with origins in Pentecostalism. It maintains a number of radio stations around the world and operates many local Calvary Chapel Bible College programs.

Beginning in 1965 in Southern California, this fellowship of churches grew out of Chuck Smith's Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa. It became a hub of the Jesus Movement in the late 1960s through connections with Lonnie Frisbee and John Higgins, attracting thousands of young converts and fostering contemporary Christian music through Maranatha! Music. Known for its verse-by-verse Bible teaching, casual style of worship, and emphasis on expository preaching, the movement expanded into a worldwide fellowship of independent churches. Calvary Chapel identifies as neither a denomination nor strictly Pentecostal. It holds to evangelical doctrine with charismatic practices like tongues and prophecy while maintaining a strong pretribulationist, premillennialist eschatology.

The movement faced controversies, including leadership disputes that led to the split between the Calvary Chapel Association and Global Network, and controversies around accountability and sexual abuse cases.

Calvary Chapel remains influential through its Bible college, radio stations, and Harvest Crusades.

Many well-known pastors and musicians, such as Greg Laurie, Skip Heitzig, Switchfoot, and P.O.D., have roots in Calvary Chapel.

History

File:Montesano, WA - Calvary Chapel 01.jpg

A Calvary Chapel, housed in the former Montesano Theatre, Montesano, Washington

The association has its origins in the founding of a Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa (California) in 1965 by pastor Chuck Smith of the International Church of the Foursquare Gospel with 25 people.^[1]^[2]^[3]In 1968 they broke away from Foursquare Church. Prior to Smith, Costa Mesa members spoke of their own vision of becoming part of a massive church movement.^[4]

In 1969 Calvary Chapel became a hub in what later became known as the Jesus movement when Smith's daughter introduced him to her boyfriend John Higgins Jr., a former hippie who had become a christian, and who went on to head the largest Jesus freak movement in history, the Shiloh Youth Revival Centers (1968–1989).^[5]

John Higgins introduced Smith to Lonnie Frisbee, the "hippie evangelist" who became a key figure in the growth of both the Jesus Movement and Calvary Chapel. Frisbee moved into Smith's home, and he would minister to other hippies and counter-culture youth on the beaches. At night he would bring home new converts, and soon Smith's house was full.^[6] Frisbee became leader in a rental home for the steadily growing crowd of Christian hippies and he named the commune "House of Miracles"; other Houses of Miracles would develop throughout California and beyond. As Calvary Chapel grew "explosively",^[7] a tent was erected during the construction of a new building.^[8]

The converts included musicians who began writing music for praise and worship. This became the genesis for Jesus music and Christian rock concerts. Maranatha! Music eventually formed to publish and promote the music.^[7] The services led by Frisbee usually resembled rock concerts more than any worship services of the time.^[9] Frisbee featured in national television-news reports and magazines with images of him baptizing hundreds at a time in the Pacific Ocean.^[10] The network of House of Miracles communes/crash pads/coffee houses began doing outreach concerts with Smith or Frisbee preaching, Frisbee calling forth the Holy Spirit and the newly forming bands playing the music.^[6] By the early 1970s Calvary Chapel was home to ten or more musical groups that were representative of the Jesus people movement.^[11]

In 1982 John Wimber, a Calvary Chapel pastor, and the Calvary Chapel leadership mutually agreed to part ways. Tension had been mounting over Wimber's emphasis on spiritual manifestations, leading Wimber to withdraw from Calvary Chapel and to affiliate with a network of churches that would become the Association of Vineyard Churches.^[12]^[13]

In 2012, Pastor Chuck Smith founded the Calvary Chapel Association (CCA) to unite all of the movement's churches around the world.^[14]

On October 3, 2013, Pastor Smith died of lung cancer after a long illness. Smith remained as the senior pastor at Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa throughout his illness; this included preaching at three services on the Sunday before his death.^[15]

Statistics

According to a 2022 census of the association, it had 1,800 churches.^[16]

Beliefs

Chuck Smith's "Calvary Chapel Distinctives" summarize the tenets for which Calvary Chapel stands. Calvary Chapels place great importance on the practice of expository teaching, a "verse by verse, chapter by chapter, book by book" approach to teaching the Bible.^[17]^[18]^[19] Typically, Calvary Chapels operate under a senior pastor-led system of church government, also known as the "Moses" model.^[20]^[21]

It presents itself as a "fellowship of churches" rather than being a denomination.^[22]^[23]

Affiliates of Calvary Chapel believe in the doctrines of evangelical Christianity, which include the inerrancy of the Bible and the Trinity.^[24]^[25] Within evangelical Christianity, they say that they stand in the "middle ground between fundamentalism and Pentecostalism in modern Protestant theology". While they share with a belief in the inerrancy of the Bible, they accept charismatic spiritual gifts.^[26] However, they feel that Pentecostalism values experience at the expense of the word of God.^[27]

Calvinism and Arminianism

According to Calvary Chapel literature, the association strives to "strik[e] a balance between extremes" when it comes to controversial theological issues such as Calvinism's and Arminianism's conflicting views on salvation. Calvary Chapels hold the following views on the five points of Calvinism:

Regarding total depravity, Calvary Chapel affirms that "apart from God's grace, no one can be saved," and that "mankind is clearly fallen and lost in sin."^[28]
Regarding unconditional election, Calvary Chapel affirms that God, "based on his foreknowledge, has predestined the believer," and that "God clearly does choose, but man must also accept God's invitation to salvation."^[29]
Regarding limited atonement, Calvary Chapel affirms that Jesus died "for the whole world" and that the "atoning sacrifice of Jesus Christ was clearly sufficient to save the entire human race."^[30]
Regarding irresistible grace, Calvary Chapel affirms that "God's grace can either be resisted or received by the exercise of human free will".^[31]
Calvary Chapels "believe in the perseverance of the saints (true believers) but are deeply concerned about sinful lifestyles and rebellious hearts among those who call themselves 'Christians'."^[32]

Spiritual gifts

Although Calvary Chapel believes in the continuing efficacy of the gift of tongues, it does not recognize uninterpreted tongues spoken in a congregational setting as necessarily inspired (or at least directed) by the Holy Spirit because of its understanding of 1 Corinthians 14.^[33] Calvary Chapel accepts that the Bible affirms interpreted tongues and modern prophecy. Practicing tongues in private occurs more commonly.^[34] Calvary Chapel does not teach that the outward manifestation of every Christian counts as speaking in tongues.

Similar to other Pentecostal or Charismatic movements,^[35] Calvary Chapel holds that the baptism of the Holy Spirit does not take place during conversion, but is available as a second experience.^[36] It is their understanding that there are three distinct relationships with the Holy Spirit. The first is that which is experienced prior to conversion. In this relationship the Holy Spirit is convicting the person of their sin.^[37] In the second relationship the Holy Spirit indwells believers during conversion for the purpose of sanctification.^[38] The third relationship is the baptism of the Holy Spirit which Calvary Chapel believes is for the purpose of being a Christian witness.

Baptism and Communion

Calvary Chapels practice believer's baptism by immersion. Calvary Chapel does not regard baptism as necessary for salvation, but instead sees it as an outward sign of an inward change. As a result, the Chapels do not baptize infants, although they may dedicate them to God. Calvary Chapel views Communion in a symbolic way, with reference to 1 Corinthians 11:23–26.^[39]

Eschatology

Calvary Chapels strongly espouse pretribulationist and premillennialist views in their eschatology (the study of the end times). They believe that the rapture of the Church will occur first, followed by a literal seven-year period of Great Tribulation, followed by the second coming of Jesus Christ, and then finally a literal thousand-year reign of Jesus Christ on Earth called the Millennial Kingdom. Calvary Chapel also rejects supersessionism, and instead believes that the Jews remain God's chosen people and that Israel will play an important part in the end times.^[40]

Interest in one event during the Tribulation—the building of a Third Temple in Jerusalem—led in the early 1980s to associations between some in Calvary Chapel (including Chuck Smith) and Jewish groups interested in seeing the temple rebuilt.^[41]

Return of Christ in 1981

During the late 1970s and early 1980s, Chuck Smith wrote and published a prophetic timeline that declared the imminent return of Christ.

In the book Snatched Away!, published in 1976, Smith wrote:

the generation that was living in May 1948 shall not pass until the second coming of Jesus Christ takes place and the kingdom of God be established upon the earth.^[42]^[43]^[44]

In a 1978 book, Smith wrote:

I believe that the generation of 1948 is the last generation. Since a generation of judgment is forty years and the Tribulation period lasts seven years, I believe the Lord could come back for His Church any time before the Tribulation starts, which would mean any time before 1981.^[45]^[46]

The reasoning had to do with the idea that the seven-year Tribulation would end in 1988, forty years after the establishment of the state of Israel. In his 1978 book, Smith reasoned that Halley's Comet in 1986 would result in problems for those left behind:

The Lord said that towards the end of the Tribulation period the sun would scorch men who dwell upon the face of the Earth (Rev. 16). The year 1986 would fit just about right! We're getting close to the Tribulation and the return of Christ in glory. All the pieces of the puzzle are coming together.^[45]

Disappointment resulting from the prophecy not materializing in 1981 caused some to leave the church.^[42]^[47]^[48]^[49]

Practices

Calvary Chapel pastors tend to prefer expositional sermons rather than topical ones, and they will often give their sermons sequentially from the Book of Genesis to the Book of Revelation in the Bible. They believe that expository preaching allows the congregation to learn how all parts of the Bible address issues as opposed to topical sermons which they see as allowing preachers to emphasize certain issues more than others.^[50] Another advantage, they say, is that it makes difficult topics easier to address because members of the congregation will not feel like they are being singled out.^[51] It sees expository teaching as providing consistent teaching that, over time, brings the "perfecting of the saints" which is part of their general philosophy for the Church.^[52] In teaching expositorily through scripture sequentially, Calvary Chapel believes God sets the agenda, not the pastor.

Calvary Chapels believe that most churches have a "dependent, highly organized, [and] structured" environment, but that most people want an "independent and casual way of life". Calvary churches typically have a casual and laid-back atmosphere.^[53] As a practical implication of this philosophy, people may wear informal clothes to church.^[54] Praise and worship usually consists of upbeat contemporary Christian music though many of the churches also sing hymns. The style of worship generally reflects the region and the specific make-up of the congregation.

Calvary Chapel does not have a formalized system of church membership. Calling a Calvary Chapel one's church usually means regularly attending church services and becoming involved in fellowship with other "members" of the church.

Organization

The form of church government practiced by Calvary Chapel does not conform to any of the three historical forms. They do not employ congregational polity, believing that God's people collectively made poor decisions in the Old Testament, citing Exodus 16:2^[55] as an example.^[56] They also criticize presbyterian polity because when "the pastor is hired by the board and can be fired by the board," they fear that "the pastor becomes a hireling".^[56] Although Calvary Chapel's governance shares a similarity with episcopal polity in that the congregation has no direct authority over the pastor, it does not have the formal hierarchy characteristic of episcopal polity.

The majority of Calvary Chapels have adopted models of government based on their understanding of the theocracy that God established in the Old Testament they sometimes call the "Moses model". In this system, God was head of his people and under God's authority was Moses, who led the Israelites as God directed him. Moses also had a priesthood and seventy elders providing him support. Calvary Chapel has adapted this order believing their pastors have a role like Moses and their boards of elders function in supporting roles.^[54]^[56]

Calvary Chapels are independent and self-governing churches. They do not have church membership apart from pastors recognized through their affiliate program. The Calvary Chapel Association has the responsibility of affiliating churches with Calvary Chapel. A church that affiliates with Calvary Chapel often (but not always) uses the name "Calvary Chapel". Three requirements for becoming affiliated exist:

the pastor must "embrace the characteristics of the Calvary Chapel movement as described in Calvary Chapel Distinctives"
the church must have the characteristics of a church (as opposed to a less-developed home fellowship)
an applicant must express willingness to spend the time to fellowship with other Calvary Chapels^[57]

The requirements do not include a seminary degree. In accordance with Calvary's interpretation and understanding of the Bible (see 1 Timothy 3:2 and 1 Timothy 3:12), Calvary Chapel does not ordain women or sexually-active homosexuals as pastors.

Regional lead pastors exercise a measure of accountability.^[58] Since no legal or financial ties link the different Calvary Chapels, only disaffiliation can serve as a disciplinary procedure.

The Calvary Chapel trademark is owned by Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa, the flagship church of the Calvary Chapel Global Network.^[59] The Calvary dove logo is also a "trademark-protected property of Calvary Chapel of Costa Mesa."^[60]

Controversies

Various criticisms of the organization and of the pastorate role in the organization exist. For example, Chuck Smith has been criticized for drawing connections between disasters (e.g., earthquakes, the September 11 attacks) and divine wrath against homosexuality and abortion.^[49]^[61]

Calvary Chapel leaders, including Smith, were the subject of a lawsuit alleging that they knew or should have known that a minister named Anthony Iglesias was prone to sexual abuse when they moved him from ministry positions in Diamond Bar, California, to Thailand, to Post Falls, Idaho.^[62]^[63] Iglesias was convicted of molesting two 14-year-old boys in California in 2004, and the lawsuit stemmed from events in Idaho, but all alleged abuse occurred in or before 2003.^[62] The church was dismissed as a defendant in the lawsuit.

As a result of what he saw as micromanaging church elders and board members, Chuck Smith used "an independent board of elders" when he took the senior pastor role at Calvary Chapel. According to Christianity Today, Smith's book Calvary Chapel Distinctions taught that senior pastors should be answerable to God, not to a denominational hierarchy or board of elders, by analogy with the authority structure that God used when Israel was under the rule of Moses. Critics claim that Smith's "Moses Model", in which senior pastors do not permit their authority to be challenged, can lead to churches that are often resistant to accountability.^[64] Calvary Chapel suggests that some churches are led astray by the management of their boards and that a biblical board of elders should aid the ministry and give wise counsel, not control the affairs of the church.

In November 2016, Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa left the Calvary Chapel Association and formed the Calvary Chapel Global Network. The latter continues to count the association's 1,700 churches as members unless they opt out.^[65]

Ministries

Bible college

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Calvary Chapel Bible College (CCBC) was founded as a ministry of Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa in 1975. CCBC is now an independent institution serving Calvary Chapel at large from their current location in Bradenton, Florida.^[66] It originally offered a "short, intensive study program",^[67] but became a college offering Associate of Biblical Studies degrees (for high-school graduates), and Bachelor of Biblical Studies degrees (to students who have an Associate of Arts from an approved college).^[68]^[69] The college as a whole is pursuing accreditation; and students can transfer CCBC credits to some major accredited colleges such as Azusa Pacific, Biola University, Liberty University, Veritas International University, etc.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". The college was initially reluctant on seeking accreditation,^[70] stating that this allows Calvary Chapel Bible College to keep tuition costs lower and offer courses taught by instructors without master's degrees. But C.C.B.C. has reversed course and is currently seeking accreditation.^[71]

Harvest Crusades

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Harvest Crusades operate as a ministry of Harvest Christian Fellowship (a former Calvary Chapel in Riverside, California). They carry out an evangelistic ministry similar to Billy Graham's. They meet in stadiums and have Christian music bands play followed by an evangelical message normally given by Greg Laurie. They estimate three million people have attended since its inception in 1990.^[72]

Broadcasting

Calvary Chapel churches operate several radio stations, including:

KBLD in Kennewick, Washington
KKJC in McMinnville, Oregon
KLYT^[73] in Albuquerque, New Mexico
KQIP-LP in Chico, California
KWTH^[74] 91.3 in Barstow, California
KWTW in Bishop, California (with its partner KWTD)
KWVE-FM^[75]^[74] in Costa Mesa, California (near Los Angeles)
KXGR^[76] FM 89.7 in Loveland, Colorado
WAYG-LP 104.7 FM in Miami, Florida
WJCX^[77] in Pittsfield, Maine
WLGS-LP in Lake Villa, Illinois
WLMP-LP in Fredericksburg, Virginia
WRDR^[78] in Freehold Township, New Jersey (near New York City)
WTWT/WYVL in Russell, Pennsylvania (in the Twin Tiers of Pennsylvania and New York)
WXMB-LP 101.5 FM in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina
WZXV in Farmington, New York
KSGR 91.1 Corpus Christi, Texas
KDVW-LP 100.9 Montrose, Colorado

In addition, a Calvary Chapel in Twin Falls, Idaho founded the CSN International (originally known as the "Calvary Satellite Network") and Effect Radio networks; though CSN still carries a significant number of programs from several Calvary Chapels, the networks and the church (subsequently known by the name "The River Christian Fellowship") severed their official ties with the Calvary Chapel as part of a 2007 legal settlement.^[79] In 2010, Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa sold 11 stations and 20 translators in the midwestern United States to the Calvary Radio Network.^[80]

Notable people

Pastors

Chuck Smith (1927-2013),^[15] founder of the Calvary Chapel movement in the 1960s; senior pastor of Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa in Santa Ana, California, until his death.
Bob Coy, founder of Calvary Chapel Fort Lauderdale. Resigned in 2014 over an adultery scandal.^[81]^[82]^[83]^[84]
Lonnie Frisbee (1949-1993),^[85]^[86] hippie evangelist in the 1960s, the key figure of the Jesus Movement: "The first Jesus freak."^[87] Pastor in Calvary Chapel until 1971.
Skip Heitzig, senior pastor of Calvary of Albuquerque as of 1982^[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".^[88]
Greg Laurie, senior pastor, since 1979, of Harvest Christian Fellowship in Riverside.
Mike MacIntosh, pastor as of 2009^[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". of Horizon Christian Fellowship in San Diego.
Chuck Missler (1934-2018), author and teacher.

Musicians

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Dennis Agajanian, alumnus of the "Guinness Book of World Records" as the fastest flat-picker
Alejandro Alonso, contemporary Christian-Latin artist
Jeremy Camp, contemporary Christian artist
Paul Clark, contemporary Christian artist
Daniel Amos, Christian rock and alternative rock band
Phil Danyew, contemporary Christian artist and touring member of Foster the People
Richie Furay, folk rock artist
Chuck Girard, folk rock artist
Love Song, Jesus music band
Mustard Seed Faith, folk rock band
P.O.D., alternative rock band
Tony Stone, Christian hip-hop producer
Switchfoot, alternative rock band
Brian "Head" Welch, alternative Christian artist
Phil Wickham, contemporary Christian artist
Kelly Willard, contemporary Christian artist
Michael Bloodgood, Christian metal artist

Other members

Linda Gist Calvin, 41st President General of the Daughters of the American Revolution
Charlie Kirk, right-wing political activist and media personality

References

↑ Ron Rhodes, The Complete Guide to Christian Denominations: Understanding the History, Beliefs, and Differences, Harvest House Publishers, USA, 2015, p. 340
↑ Douglas A. Sweeney, The American Evangelical Story: A History of the Movement, Baker Academic, USA, 2005, page 1
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↑ ^a ^b Graman, Kevin 2011. Churches protected predator, suit says Template:Webarchive, The Spokesman-Review. Published April 16, 2011. Retrieved September 19, 2011.
↑ Arellano, Gustavo 2011. Lawsuit claims Calvary Chapel allowed shuffling of pedophile employee from Diamond Bar to Idaho Template:Webarchive, OC Weekly. Published August 23, 2011.. Retrieved September 19, 2011.
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External links

Calvary Chapel Association

Template:Evangelicalism in the United States Template:Authority control

[1] Ron Rhodes, The Complete Guide to Christian Denominations: Understanding the History, Beliefs, and Differences, Harvest House Publishers, USA, 2015, p. 340

[2] Douglas A. Sweeney, The American Evangelical Story: A History of the Movement, Baker Academic, USA, 2005, page 1

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[14] George Thomas Kurian, Mark A. Lamport, Encyclopedia of Christianity in the United States, Volume 5, Rowman & Littlefield, USA, 2016, p. 377

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[16] Calvary Chapel Association, HISTORY OF CALVARY CHAPEL Template:Webarchive, calvarycca.org, USA, retrieved November 5, 2022

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[26] Douglas A. Sweeney, The American Evangelical Story: A History of the Movement, Baker Academic, USA, 2005, p. 150–151

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[DiSabatino-42] DiSabatino, David. The Jesus People Movement: An Annotated Bibliography and General Resource. Bibliographies and Indexes in Religious Studies. p.68

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@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 [[File:Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa and Welcome to Santa Ana sign.jpg|thumb|right|Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa]]
 '''Calvary Chapel''' is an international association of [[Charismatic Christianity|charismatic]] [[Evangelicalism|evangelical]] churches, with origins in [[Pentecostalism]]. It maintains a number of radio stations around the world and operates many local [[Calvary Chapel Bible College]] programs.
-Beginning in 1965 in [[Southern California]], this fellowship of churches grew out of [[Chuck Smith (pastor)|Chuck Smith]]'s [[Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa]].
+Beginning in 1965 in [[Southern California]], this fellowship of churches grew out of [[Chuck Smith (pastor)|Chuck Smith]]'s [[Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa]]. It became a hub of the [[Jesus movement|Jesus Movement]] in the late 1960s through connections with [[Lonnie Frisbee]] and John Higgins, attracting thousands of young converts and fostering contemporary Christian music through [[Maranatha! Music]]. Known for its verse-by-verse Bible teaching, casual style of worship, and emphasis on [[expository preaching]], the movement expanded into a worldwide fellowship of independent churches. Calvary Chapel identifies as neither a [[Christian denomination|denomination]] nor strictly Pentecostal. It holds to evangelical doctrine with charismatic practices like [[Speaking in tongues|tongues]] and [[Prophets in Christianity|prophecy]] while maintaining a strong [[Great Tribulation|pretribulationist]], [[Premillennialism|premillennialist]] [[eschatology]].
+The movement faced controversies, including leadership disputes that led to the split between the Calvary Chapel Association and Global Network, and controversies around accountability and [[sexual abuse]] cases.
+Calvary Chapel remains influential through its [[Calvary Chapel Bible College|Bible college]], radio stations, and [[Harvest Crusades]].
+Many well-known pastors and musicians, such as [[Greg Laurie]], [[Skip Heitzig]], [[Switchfoot]], and [[P.O.D.]], have roots in Calvary Chapel.
 ==History==
 [[File:Montesano, WA - Calvary Chapel 01.jpg|thumb|right|A Calvary Chapel, housed in the former Montesano Theatre, [[Montesano, Washington]]]]
-The association has its origins in the founding of a [[Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa]] (California) in 1965 by [[pastor]] [[Chuck Smith (pastor)|Chuck Smith]] of the [[International Church of the Foursquare Gospel]] with 25 people.<ref>Ron Rhodes, ''The Complete Guide to Christian Denominations: Understanding the History, Beliefs, and Differences'', Harvest House Publishers, USA, 2015, p. 340</ref><ref>Douglas A. Sweeney, ''The American Evangelical Story: A History of the Movement'', Baker Academic, USA, 2005, page 1</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2020 |title=Calvary Chapel History |url=https://calvarychapel.com/about/calvary-chapel-history |access-date=August 24, 2020 |website=calvarychapel.com |publisher=CalvaryChapel |quote=In 1965, Pastor Chuck Smith began his ministry at Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa with just twenty-five people. |archive-date=September 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200904075432/https://calvarychapel.com/about/calvary-chapel-history |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1968 they broke away from Foursquare Church. Prior to Smith, Costa Mesa members spoke of their own vision of becoming part of a massive church movement.<ref name="chuck_smith">{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Chuck |author-link=Chuck Smith (pastor) |date=Fall 1981 |title=The history of Calvary Chapel |url=http://www.calvarychapel.com/assets/pdf/LastTimes-Fall1981.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080716203806/http://www.calvarychapel.com/assets/pdf/LastTimes-Fall1981.pdf |archive-date=July 16, 2008 |access-date=August 9, 2008 |website=Last Times |page=5 |quote=While the tiny group at Calvary Chapel was praying about closing the church and not knowing what to do, the Holy Spirit spoke to them through prophecy. He said that He would lay a burden upon the heart of Chuck Smith to come and pastor. The Spirit said that Smith wouldn't be happy with the church building. He would want to remodel it immediately, the platform area and all. God would bless the church and it would go on the radio. The church would become overcrowded. They would have to move to new quarters on the bluff overlooking the bay. And the church would become known throughout the world.}}</ref>
+The association has its origins in the founding of a [[Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa]] (California) in 1965 by [[pastor]] [[Chuck Smith (pastor)|Chuck Smith]] of the [[International Church of the Foursquare Gospel]] with 25 people.<ref>Ron Rhodes, ''The Complete Guide to Christian Denominations: Understanding the History, Beliefs, and Differences'', Harvest House Publishers, USA, 2015, p. 340</ref><ref>Douglas A. Sweeney, ''The American Evangelical Story: A History of the Movement'', Baker Academic, USA, 2005, page 1</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2020 |title=Calvary Chapel History |url=https://calvarychapel.com/about/calvary-chapel-history |access-date=August 24, 2020 |website=calvarychapel.com |publisher=CalvaryChapel |quote=In 1965, Pastor Chuck Smith began his ministry at Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa with just twenty-five people. |archive-date=September 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200904075432/https://calvarychapel.com/about/calvary-chapel-history |url-status=live }}</ref>In 1968 they broke away from Foursquare Church. Prior to Smith, Costa Mesa members spoke of their own vision of becoming part of a massive church movement.<ref name="chuck_smith">{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Chuck |author-link=Chuck Smith (pastor) |date=Fall 1981 |title=The history of Calvary Chapel |url=http://www.calvarychapel.com/assets/pdf/LastTimes-Fall1981.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080716203806/http://www.calvarychapel.com/assets/pdf/LastTimes-Fall1981.pdf |archive-date=July 16, 2008 |access-date=August 9, 2008 |website=Last Times |page=5 |quote=While the tiny group at Calvary Chapel was praying about closing the church and not knowing what to do, the Holy Spirit spoke to them through prophecy. He said that He would lay a burden upon the heart of Chuck Smith to come and pastor. The Spirit said that Smith wouldn't be happy with the church building. He would want to remodel it immediately, the platform area and all. God would bless the church and it would go on the radio. The church would become overcrowded. They would have to move to new quarters on the bluff overlooking the bay. And the church would become known throughout the world.}}</ref>
-In 1969 Calvary Chapel became a hub in what later became known as the [[Jesus movement]] when Smith's daughter introduced him to her boyfriend John Higgins Jr., a former [[hippie]] who had become a Christian, and who went on to head the largest [[Jesus freak]] movement in history, the [[Shiloh Youth Revival Centers]] (1968–1989).<ref>{{Cite web |title=WRSP – World Religions and Spirituality Project |url=http://www.has.vcu.edu/wrs/profiles/Shiloh.htm |website=has.vcu.edu |access-date=April 7, 2013 |archive-date=November 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115073859/http://www.has.vcu.edu/wrs/profiles/Shiloh.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> John Higgins introduced Smith to [[Lonnie Frisbee]], the "hippie evangelist" who became a key figure in the growth of both the [[Jesus Movement]] and Calvary Chapel. Frisbee moved into Smith's home, and he would [[Christian ministry|minister]] to other hippies and [[counter-culture]] youth on the beaches. At night he would bring home new converts, and soon Smith's house was full.<ref name="Frisbee documentary">{{Cite AV media |url=http://www.lonniefrisbee.com |title=Frisbee: The Life and Death of a Hippie Preacher |last=di Sabatino |first=David |year=2001 |place=United States |medium=Documentary movie}}</ref> Frisbee became leader in a rental home for the steadily growing crowd of Christian hippies and he named the [[Intentional community|commune]] "[[House of Miracles (communal house)|House of Miracles]]"; other Houses of Miracles would develop throughout California and beyond. As Calvary Chapel grew "explosively",<ref name="virginia1998">{{Cite web |last=Newton |first=Gwen |date=Spring 1998 |title=Religious Movements Homepage: Calvary Chapel |url=http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/calvary.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060828125904/http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/calvary.html |archive-date=August 28, 2006 |access-date=January 12, 2012 |website=University of Virginia New Religious Movements Archive |publisher=University of Virginia}}</ref> a tent was erected during the construction of a new building.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Big Tent Revival Church |url=http://www.cbn.com/700club/features/cow/Calvary_CostaMesa_072307.aspx |access-date=March 12, 2012 |publisher=Cbn.com |archive-date=August 8, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808055106/http://www.cbn.com/700club/features/cow/Calvary_CostaMesa_072307.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>
+In 1969 Calvary Chapel became a hub in what later became known as the [[Jesus movement]] when Smith's daughter introduced him to her boyfriend John Higgins Jr., a former [[hippie]] who had become a christian, and who went on to head the largest [[Jesus freak]] movement in history, the [[Shiloh Youth Revival Centers]] (1968–1989).<ref>{{Cite web |title=WRSP – World Religions and Spirituality Project |url=http://www.has.vcu.edu/wrs/profiles/Shiloh.htm |website=has.vcu.edu |access-date=April 7, 2013 |archive-date=November 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115073859/http://www.has.vcu.edu/wrs/profiles/Shiloh.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
+John Higgins introduced Smith to [[Lonnie Frisbee]], the "hippie evangelist" who became a key figure in the growth of both the [[Jesus Movement]] and Calvary Chapel. Frisbee moved into Smith's home, and he would [[Christian ministry|minister]] to other hippies and [[counter-culture]] youth on the beaches. At night he would bring home new converts, and soon Smith's house was full.<ref name="Frisbee documentary">{{Cite AV media |url=http://www.lonniefrisbee.com |title=Frisbee: The Life and Death of a Hippie Preacher |last=di Sabatino |first=David |year=2001 |place=United States |medium=Documentary movie}}</ref> Frisbee became leader in a rental home for the steadily growing crowd of Christian hippies and he named the [[Intentional community|commune]] "[[House of Miracles (communal house)|House of Miracles]]"; other Houses of Miracles would develop throughout California and beyond. As Calvary Chapel grew "explosively",<ref name="virginia1998">{{Cite web |last=Newton |first=Gwen |date=Spring 1998 |title=Religious Movements Homepage: Calvary Chapel |url=http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/calvary.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060828125904/http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/calvary.html |archive-date=August 28, 2006 |access-date=January 12, 2012 |website=University of Virginia New Religious Movements Archive |publisher=University of Virginia}}</ref> a tent was erected during the construction of a new building.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Big Tent Revival Church |url=http://www.cbn.com/700club/features/cow/Calvary_CostaMesa_072307.aspx |access-date=March 12, 2012 |publisher=Cbn.com |archive-date=August 8, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808055106/http://www.cbn.com/700club/features/cow/Calvary_CostaMesa_072307.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>
 The converts included musicians who began writing music for praise and worship. This became the genesis for [[Jesus music]] and [[Christian rock concerts]]. [[Maranatha! Music]] eventually formed to publish and promote the music.<ref name="virginia1998" /> The services led by Frisbee usually resembled [[rock concert]]s more than any worship services of the time.<ref name="reinventing3">{{Cite book |last=Miller |first=Donald E. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=168wDwAAQBAJ |title=Reinventing American Protestantism: Christianity in the New Millennium |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=9780520218116 |edition=reprint |location=Berkeley |publication-date=1999 |page=37 |chapter=Hippies, Beach Baptisms, and Healings: A History of Three movements |quote=Using contemporary instrumentation similar to what one might hear at a rock concert, these groups have written lyrics that express their perception of an encounter with Jesus.This contemporary music has been vital to the Calvary movement [...]. |author-link=Donald E. Miller |access-date=August 24, 2020 |year=1997 |archive-date=September 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916062459/https://books.google.com/books?id=168wDwAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>
@@ Line 42: / Line 50: @@
 In 2012, Pastor Chuck Smith founded the Calvary Chapel Association (CCA) to unite all of the movement's churches around the world.<ref>George Thomas Kurian, Mark A. Lamport, ''Encyclopedia of Christianity in the United States, Volume 5'', Rowman & Littlefield, USA, 2016, p.  377</ref>
-On October 3, 2013, Pastor Smith died after a long battle with lung cancer. Smith remained as the senior pastor at Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa during his battle with cancer; this included preaching at three services on the Sunday before his death.<ref name="latimes.com">{{Cite news |last=Goffard |first=Christopher |author-link=Christopher Goffard |date=October 3, 2013 |title=Pastor Chuck Smith dies at 86; founder of Calvary Chapel movement |work=Los Angeles Times |url=http://www.latimes.com/obituaries/la-me-1004-chuck-smith-20131004,0,7276715.story |access-date=October 8, 2013 |archive-date=October 8, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131008202209/http://www.latimes.com/obituaries/la-me-1004-chuck-smith-20131004,0,7276715.story |url-status=live }}</ref>
+On October 3, 2013, Pastor Smith died of lung cancer after a long illness. Smith remained as the senior pastor at Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa throughout his illness; this included preaching at three services on the Sunday before his death.<ref name="latimes.com">{{Cite news |last=Goffard |first=Christopher |author-link=Christopher Goffard |date=October 3, 2013 |title=Pastor Chuck Smith dies at 86; founder of Calvary Chapel movement |work=Los Angeles Times |url=http://www.latimes.com/obituaries/la-me-1004-chuck-smith-20131004,0,7276715.story |access-date=October 8, 2013 |archive-date=October 8, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131008202209/http://www.latimes.com/obituaries/la-me-1004-chuck-smith-20131004,0,7276715.story |url-status=live }}</ref>
 == Statistics ==
@@ Line 51: / Line 59: @@
 Typically, Calvary Chapels operate under a senior pastor-led system of [[Ecclesiastical polity|church government]], also known as the "Moses" model.<ref name="distinctivesp20">{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Chuck |url=https://archive.org/details/calvarychapeldis00chuc/page/20 |title=Calvary Chapel Distinctives |publisher=Word for Today |year=1993 |isbn=0-936728-80-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/calvarychapeldis00chuc/page/20 20] |format=PDF |quote=As [senior] pastors, we need to be like Moses, in touch with Jesus and receiving His direction and guidance. |author-link=Chuck Smith (pastor) |access-date=August 28, 2011 }}</ref><ref name="distinctivesp21">{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Chuck |url=https://archive.org/details/calvarychapeldis00chuc/page/21 |title=Calvary Chapel Distinctives |publisher=Word for Today |year=1993 |isbn=0-936728-80-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/calvarychapeldis00chuc/page/21 21] |format=PDF |quote=It's necessary to have godly men who recognize that God has called and ordained you as the pastor of the church. Men who will work with you and support those things that god is directing you, as the pastor, to implement within the church. |author-link=Chuck Smith (pastor) |access-date=August 28, 2011 }}</ref>
-It presents itself as a "fellowship of churches" rather than being a [[Christian denomination|denomination]].<ref name="nondenom">{{Cite web |title=What We Believe |url=http://www.calvarychapel.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=22&Itemid=37 |access-date=February 14, 2010 |quote=We are not a denominational church, nor are we opposed to denominations as such, only their over-emphasis of the doctrinal differences that have led to the division of the Body of Christ.}}</ref><ref name="reinventing">{{Cite book |last=Miller |first=Donald |title=Reinventing American Protestantism: Christianity in the New Millennium |publisher=University of California Press |year=1999 |quote=Smith was not attempting to create a denomination; rather, what emerged was a loose fellowship of like-minded people.... Asked about what is preventing the a movement the size of Calvary Chapel, Smith emphatically answers, 'Me,' and then clarifies how a relationally based movement was ensured 'by being fiercely independent and implanting this independence in them [the offspring churches]; by each of them incorporating independently; by not requiring reports; by keeping the affiliation [of churches] just a very loose affiliation.'  He states that there are no requirements, no calls, no letters from headquarters, unless there are major deviations from Calvary Chapel philosophy, at which point there might be a call from 'Dad' to inquire what is going on. Calvary Chapel doctrine, if it can be called that, is simple. On many points there can be diversity of opinion so long as the centrality of scripture is maintained, along with such Christian beliefs as the deity of Christ and the resurrection of Jesus.}}</ref>
+It presents itself as a "fellowship of churches" rather than being a [[Christian denomination|denomination]].<ref name="nondenom">{{Cite web |title=What We Believe |url=http://www.calvarychapel.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=22&Itemid=37 |access-date=February 14, 2010 |quote=We are not a denominational church, nor are we opposed to denominations as such, only their over-emphasis of the doctrinal differences that have led to the division of the Body of Christ. }}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="reinventing">{{Cite book |last=Miller |first=Donald |title=Reinventing American Protestantism: Christianity in the New Millennium |publisher=University of California Press |year=1999 |quote=Smith was not attempting to create a denomination; rather, what emerged was a loose fellowship of like-minded people.... Asked about what is preventing the a movement the size of Calvary Chapel, Smith emphatically answers, 'Me,' and then clarifies how a relationally based movement was ensured 'by being fiercely independent and implanting this independence in them [the offspring churches]; by each of them incorporating independently; by not requiring reports; by keeping the affiliation [of churches] just a very loose affiliation.'  He states that there are no requirements, no calls, no letters from headquarters, unless there are major deviations from Calvary Chapel philosophy, at which point there might be a call from 'Dad' to inquire what is going on. Calvary Chapel doctrine, if it can be called that, is simple. On many points there can be diversity of opinion so long as the centrality of scripture is maintained, along with such Christian beliefs as the deity of Christ and the resurrection of Jesus.}}</ref>
 Affiliates of Calvary Chapel believe in the doctrines of [[Evangelicalism|evangelical]] Christianity, which include the [[Biblical inerrancy|inerrancy of the Bible]] and the [[Trinity]].<ref name="glory">{{Cite book |last=Ballmer |first=Randall |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A6M-BAAAQBAJ |title=Mine Eyes Have Seen the Glory: A Journey into the Evangelical Subculture in America, 25th Anniversary Edition |publisher=Oxford University Press US |year=2014 |isbn=9780199360482 |page=27 |chapter=California Kickback |quote=There are over three hundred congregations around the country - and the world - that maintain a loose association or fellowship. |orig-year=2006 |access-date=January 25, 2019 |archive-date=September 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916062459/https://books.google.com/books?id=A6M-BAAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sweeney |first=Douglas A. |url=https://archive.org/details/americanevangeli0000swee |title=The American Evangelical Story: A History of the Movement |date=2005 |publisher=Baker Academic |isbn=9780801026584 |location=Grand Rapids, Michigan |page=[https://archive.org/details/americanevangeli0000swee/page/151 151] |chapter=In Search of a Higher Christian Life: The Holiness, Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements |quote=Rev. Chuck Smith [...] also spawned a host of other Calvary chapel congregations, all mildly charismatic and completely evangelical. |access-date=January 25, 2019 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Within evangelical Christianity, they say that they stand in the "middle ground between [[Fundamentalist Christianity|fundamentalism]] and [[Pentecostalism]] in modern Protestant theology". While they share with a belief in the inerrancy of the Bible, they accept [[Charismatic Christianity|charismatic]] [[spiritual gift]]s.<ref>Douglas A. Sweeney, ''The American Evangelical Story: A History of the Movement'', Baker Academic, USA, 2005, p. 150–151</ref> However, they feel that Pentecostalism values experience at the expense of the word of God.<ref name="teachings">{{Cite book |last=Taylor |first=Larry |url=http://biblefacts.org/church/WCCT.pdf |title=What Calvary Chapel Teaches |access-date=September 11, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929104518/http://biblefacts.org/church/WCCT.pdf |archive-date=September 29, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
@@ Line 64: / Line 72: @@
 ===Spiritual gifts===
-Although Calvary Chapel believes in the continuing efficacy of [[Glossolalia|the gift of tongues]], it does not recognize uninterpreted tongues spoken in a congregational setting as necessarily inspired (or at least directed) by the [[Holy Spirit]] because of its understanding of {{bibleverse|1|Corinthians|14|NRSV}}. Calvary Chapel accepts that the Bible affirms interpreted tongues and modern [[prophecy]]. Practicing tongues in private occurs more commonly.<ref name="charisma">{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Chuck |url=http://www3.calvarychapel.com/library/smith-chuck/books/cvc.htm |title=Charisma vs. Charismania |publisher=Word for Today |year=1993 |isbn=0-936728-49-3 |author-link=Chuck Smith (pastor) |access-date=April 27, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070430082308/http://www3.calvarychapel.com/library/smith-chuck/books/cvc.htm |archive-date=April 30, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Calvary Chapel does not teach that the outward manifestation of every Christian counts as speaking in tongues.
+Although Calvary Chapel believes in the continuing efficacy of [[Glossolalia|the gift of tongues]], it does not recognize uninterpreted tongues spoken in a congregational setting as necessarily inspired (or at least directed) by the [[Holy Spirit]] because of its understanding of 1 Corinthians 14.<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Corinthians|14}}</ref> Calvary Chapel accepts that the Bible affirms interpreted tongues and modern [[prophecy]]. Practicing tongues in private occurs more commonly.<ref name="charisma">{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Chuck |url=http://www3.calvarychapel.com/library/smith-chuck/books/cvc.htm |title=Charisma vs. Charismania |publisher=Word for Today |year=1993 |isbn=0-936728-49-3 |author-link=Chuck Smith (pastor) |access-date=April 27, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070430082308/http://www3.calvarychapel.com/library/smith-chuck/books/cvc.htm |archive-date=April 30, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Calvary Chapel does not teach that the outward manifestation of every Christian counts as speaking in tongues.
-Similar to other Pentecostal or Charismatic movements,<ref name="DifferTerms1-2">{{Cite journal |last=Arrington |first=French L. |date=Fall 1981 |title=The Indwelling, Baptism, and Infilling with the Holy Spirit: A Differentiation of Terms |journal=Pneuma: The Journal of the Society for Pentecostal Studies |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=1–2 |doi=10.1163/157007481x00089}}</ref> Calvary Chapel holds that the baptism of the Holy Spirit does not take place during conversion, but is available as a second experience.<ref name="distinctivesp27">{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Chuck |url=https://archive.org/details/calvarychapeldis00chuc/page/27 |title=Calvary Chapel Distinctives |publisher=Word for Today |year=1993 |isbn=0-936728-80-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/calvarychapeldis00chuc/page/27 27] |format=PDF |quote=We believe that there is an experience of the empowering of the Holy Spirit in the life of a believer that is distinct and separate from the indwelling of the Spirit that takes place at conversion. |author-link=Chuck Smith (pastor) |access-date=August 28, 2011 }}</ref> It is their understanding that there are three distinct relationships with the Holy Spirit. The first is that which is experienced prior to conversion. In this relationship the Holy Spirit is convicting the person of his sin.<ref name="distinctivesp28">{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Chuck |url=https://archive.org/details/calvarychapeldis00chuc/page/28 |title=Calvary Chapel Distinctives |publisher=Word for Today |year=1993 |isbn=0-936728-80-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/calvarychapeldis00chuc/page/28 28] |format=PDF |quote=We believe that the Holy Spirit is dwelling with a person prior to conversion. He is the One convicting him of his sin, convincing him that Jesus Christ is the only answer. |author-link=Chuck Smith (pastor) |access-date=August 28, 2011 }}</ref> In the second relationship the Holy Spirit indwells believers during conversion for the purpose of [[sanctification]].<ref name="distinctivesp29">{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Chuck |url=https://archive.org/details/calvarychapeldis00chuc/page/29 |title=Calvary Chapel Distinctives |publisher=Word for Today |year=1993 |isbn=0-936728-80-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/calvarychapeldis00chuc/page/29 29] |format=PDF |quote=So we see the dynamic power of the Spirit in us which comes when we accept Jesus. He begins that work in us of transforming us into the image of Jesus Christ. |author-link=Chuck Smith (pastor) |access-date=August 28, 2011 }}</ref> The third relationship is the baptism of the Holy Spirit which Calvary Chapel believes is for the purpose of being a Christian witness.
+Similar to other Pentecostal or Charismatic movements,<ref name="DifferTerms1-2">{{Cite journal |last=Arrington |first=French L. |date=Fall 1981 |title=The Indwelling, Baptism, and Infilling with the Holy Spirit: A Differentiation of Terms |journal=Pneuma: The Journal of the Society for Pentecostal Studies |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=1–2 |doi=10.1163/157007481x00089}}</ref> Calvary Chapel holds that the baptism of the Holy Spirit does not take place during conversion, but is available as a second experience.<ref name="distinctivesp27">{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Chuck |url=https://archive.org/details/calvarychapeldis00chuc/page/27 |title=Calvary Chapel Distinctives |publisher=Word for Today |year=1993 |isbn=0-936728-80-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/calvarychapeldis00chuc/page/27 27] |format=PDF |quote=We believe that there is an experience of the empowering of the Holy Spirit in the life of a believer that is distinct and separate from the indwelling of the Spirit that takes place at conversion. |author-link=Chuck Smith (pastor) |access-date=August 28, 2011 }}</ref> It is their understanding that there are three distinct relationships with the Holy Spirit. The first is that which is experienced prior to conversion. In this relationship the Holy Spirit is convicting the person of their sin.<ref name="distinctivesp28">{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Chuck |url=https://archive.org/details/calvarychapeldis00chuc/page/28 |title=Calvary Chapel Distinctives |publisher=Word for Today |year=1993 |isbn=0-936728-80-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/calvarychapeldis00chuc/page/28 28] |format=PDF |quote=We believe that the Holy Spirit is dwelling with a person prior to conversion. He is the One convicting him of his sin, convincing him that Jesus Christ is the only answer. |author-link=Chuck Smith (pastor) |access-date=August 28, 2011 }}</ref> In the second relationship the Holy Spirit indwells believers during conversion for the purpose of [[sanctification]].<ref name="distinctivesp29">{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Chuck |url=https://archive.org/details/calvarychapeldis00chuc/page/29 |title=Calvary Chapel Distinctives |publisher=Word for Today |year=1993 |isbn=0-936728-80-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/calvarychapeldis00chuc/page/29 29] |format=PDF |quote=So we see the dynamic power of the Spirit in us which comes when we accept Jesus. He begins that work in us of transforming us into the image of Jesus Christ. |author-link=Chuck Smith (pastor) |access-date=August 28, 2011 }}</ref> The third relationship is the baptism of the Holy Spirit which Calvary Chapel believes is for the purpose of being a Christian witness.
 ===Baptism and Communion===
-Calvary Chapels practice [[believer's baptism]] by immersion. Calvary Chapel does not regard baptism as necessary for salvation, but instead sees it as an outward sign of an inward change. As a result, the Chapels do not [[infant baptism|baptize infants]], although they may dedicate them to God. Calvary Chapel views [[Eucharist|Communion]] in a symbolic way, with reference to {{bibleverse|1|Corinthians|11:23–26|NRSV}}.
+Calvary Chapels practice [[believer's baptism]] by immersion. Calvary Chapel does not regard baptism as necessary for salvation, but instead sees it as an outward sign of an inward change. As a result, the Chapels do not [[infant baptism|baptize infants]], although they may dedicate them to God. Calvary Chapel views [[Eucharist|Communion]] in a symbolic way, with reference to 1 Corinthians 11:23–26.<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Corinthians|11:23–26}}</ref>
 ===Eschatology===
@@ Line 94: / Line 102: @@
 ==Practices==
-Calvary Chapel pastors tend to prefer expositional sermons rather than topical ones, and they will often give their sermons sequentially from Genesis to Revelation in the Bible. They believe that [[expository preaching]] allows the congregation to learn how all parts of the Bible address issues as opposed to topical sermons which they see as allowing preachers to emphasize certain issues more than others.<ref name="topical">{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Chuck |title=Calvary Chapel Distinctives |publisher=The Word For Today |year=1993 |chapter=The Priority of the Word |quote=Topical sermons are good, and they have their place, but when you're preaching topically, you're prone by nature to preach only those topics that you like.... If you're only preaching topically, you may also tend to avoid controversial or difficult topics, and the people won't gain a well-balanced view of God's truth. |author-link=Chuck Smith (pastor) |access-date=April 13, 2006 |chapter-url=http://www3.calvarychapel.com/library/smith-chuck/books/ccd.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070428163313/http://www3.calvarychapel.com/library/smith-chuck/books/ccd.htm |archive-date=April 28, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Another advantage, they say, is that it makes difficult topics easier to address because members of the congregation won't feel like they are being singled out.<ref name="nosingling">{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Chuck |title=Calvary Chapel Distinctives |publisher=The Word For Today |year=1993 |chapter=The Priority of the Word |quote=Another advantage of teaching the whole counsel of God is that when you come to difficult issues that deal with problems in an individual's life or within the Church body, you can address them straightforwardly. we need not worry about people thinking, 'Oh, he's aiming at me today.'  People in the congregation know that it's simply the passage of Scripture being studied that day. So it can't be, 'Oh man, he's really picking on me," because they realize that you're going straight through the Book, and you're not jumping from topic to topic. We're just going straight through the entire Word of God. Another advantage, they say, is that it makes difficult topics easier to address because members of the congregation won't feel like they are being singled out. |author-link=Chuck Smith (pastor) |access-date=April 13, 2006 |chapter-url=http://www3.calvarychapel.com/library/smith-chuck/books/ccd.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070428163313/http://www3.calvarychapel.com/library/smith-chuck/books/ccd.htm |archive-date=April 28, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> It sees expository teaching as providing consistent teaching that, over time, brings the "perfecting of the saints" which is part of their general philosophy for the Church.<ref name="priority">{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Chuck |title=Calvary Chapel Distinctives |publisher=The Word For Today |year=1993 |chapter=The Priority of the Word |author-link=Chuck Smith (pastor) |access-date=April 13, 2006 |chapter-url=http://www3.calvarychapel.com/library/smith-chuck/books/ccd.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070428163313/http://www3.calvarychapel.com/library/smith-chuck/books/ccd.htm |archive-date=April 28, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In teaching expositorily through scripture sequentially, Calvary Chapel believes God sets the agenda, not the pastor.
+Calvary Chapel pastors tend to prefer expositional sermons rather than topical ones, and they will often give their sermons sequentially from the [[Book of Genesis]] to the [[Book of Revelation]] in the Bible. They believe that [[expository preaching]] allows the congregation to learn how all parts of the Bible address issues as opposed to topical sermons which they see as allowing preachers to emphasize certain issues more than others.<ref name="topical">{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Chuck |title=Calvary Chapel Distinctives |publisher=The Word For Today |year=1993 |chapter=The Priority of the Word |quote=Topical sermons are good, and they have their place, but when you're preaching topically, you're prone by nature to preach only those topics that you like.... If you're only preaching topically, you may also tend to avoid controversial or difficult topics, and the people won't gain a well-balanced view of God's truth. |author-link=Chuck Smith (pastor) |access-date=April 13, 2006 |chapter-url=http://www3.calvarychapel.com/library/smith-chuck/books/ccd.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070428163313/http://www3.calvarychapel.com/library/smith-chuck/books/ccd.htm |archive-date=April 28, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Another advantage, they say, is that it makes difficult topics easier to address because members of the congregation will not feel like they are being singled out.<ref name="nosingling">{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Chuck |title=Calvary Chapel Distinctives |publisher=The Word For Today |year=1993 |chapter=The Priority of the Word |quote=Another advantage of teaching the whole counsel of God is that when you come to difficult issues that deal with problems in an individual's life or within the Church body, you can address them straightforwardly. we need not worry about people thinking, 'Oh, he's aiming at me today.' People in the congregation know that it's simply the passage of Scripture being studied that day. So it can't be, 'Oh man, he's really picking on me," because they realize that you're going straight through the Book, and you're not jumping from topic to topic. We're just going straight through the entire Word of God. Another advantage, they say, is that it makes difficult topics easier to address because members of the congregation won't feel like they are being singled out. |author-link=Chuck Smith (pastor) |access-date=April 13, 2006 |chapter-url=http://www3.calvarychapel.com/library/smith-chuck/books/ccd.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070428163313/http://www3.calvarychapel.com/library/smith-chuck/books/ccd.htm |archive-date=April 28, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> It sees expository teaching as providing consistent teaching that, over time, brings the "perfecting of the saints" which is part of their general philosophy for the Church.<ref name="priority">{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Chuck |title=Calvary Chapel Distinctives |publisher=The Word For Today |year=1993 |chapter=The Priority of the Word |author-link=Chuck Smith (pastor) |access-date=April 13, 2006 |chapter-url=http://www3.calvarychapel.com/library/smith-chuck/books/ccd.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070428163313/http://www3.calvarychapel.com/library/smith-chuck/books/ccd.htm |archive-date=April 28, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In teaching expositorily through scripture sequentially, Calvary Chapel believes God sets the agenda, not the pastor.
 Calvary Chapels believe that most churches have a "dependent, highly organized, [and] structured" environment, but that most people want an "independent and casual way of life". Calvary churches typically have a casual and laid-back atmosphere.<ref name="casual">{{Cite news |last=Niebuhr |first=Gustav |date=January 3, 1998 |title=Religion Journal; New Groups' Adherents Bolster Churchgoing Data |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/03/us/religion-journal-new-groups-adherents-bolster-churchgoing-data.html?scp=1&sq=Niebuhr%2C+Gustav+reinventing&st=nyt |access-date=September 9, 2011 |quote=...pastors and congregants alike favor informal attire... |archive-date=October 18, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018191545/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/03/us/religion-journal-new-groups-adherents-bolster-churchgoing-data.html?scp=1&sq=Niebuhr%2C+Gustav+reinventing&st=nyt |url-status=live }}</ref> As a practical implication of this philosophy, people may wear informal clothes to church.<ref name=ministry/> [[Praise song|Praise]] and [[Worship music|worship]] usually consists of upbeat [[contemporary Christian music]] though many of the churches also sing hymns. The style of worship generally reflects the region and the specific make-up of the congregation.
@@ Line 101: / Line 109: @@
 ==Organization==
-The form of [[ecclesiastical polity|church government]] practiced by Calvary Chapel does not conform to any of the three historical forms. They do not employ [[congregational polity]], believing that God's people collectively made poor decisions in the [[Old Testament]], citing {{bibleverse||Exodus|16:2|NRSV}} as an example.<ref name="government" /> They also criticize [[presbyterian polity]] because when "the pastor is hired by the board and can be fired by the board," they fear that "the pastor becomes a hireling".<ref name="government" /> Although Calvary Chapel's governance shares a similarity with [[episcopal polity]] in that the congregation has no direct authority over the pastor, it does not have the formal hierarchy characteristic of episcopal polity.
+The form of [[ecclesiastical polity|church government]] practiced by Calvary Chapel does not conform to any of the three historical forms. They do not employ [[congregational polity]], believing that God's people collectively made poor decisions in the [[Old Testament]], citing Exodus 16:2<ref>{{bibleverse|Exodus|16:2}}</ref> as an example.<ref name="government" /> They also criticize [[presbyterian polity]] because when "the pastor is hired by the board and can be fired by the board," they fear that "the pastor becomes a hireling".<ref name="government" /> Although Calvary Chapel's governance shares a similarity with [[episcopal polity]] in that the congregation has no direct authority over the pastor, it does not have the formal hierarchy characteristic of episcopal polity.
 The majority of Calvary Chapels have adopted models of government based on their understanding of the theocracy that God established in the Old Testament they sometimes call the "Moses model". In this system, God was head of his people and under God's authority was Moses, who led the [[Israelites]] as God directed him. Moses also had a [[Kohen|priesthood]] and [[Sanhedrin|seventy elders]] providing him support. Calvary Chapel has adapted this order believing their pastors have a role like Moses and their boards of [[Elder (religious)|elders]] function in supporting roles.<ref name="ministry">{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Chuck |url=http://www3.calvarychapel.com/library/smith-chuck/books/tpomocc.htm |title=The Philosophy of Ministry of Calvary Chapel |author-link=Chuck Smith (pastor) |access-date=April 20, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070412221613/http://www3.calvarychapel.com/library/smith-chuck/books/tpomocc.htm |archive-date=April 12, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="government">{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Chuck |title=Calvary Chapel Distinctives |publisher=The Word For Today |year=1993 |chapter=Church Government |author-link=Chuck Smith (pastor) |access-date=April 13, 2006 |chapter-url=http://www3.calvarychapel.com/library/smith-chuck/books/ccd.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070428163313/http://www3.calvarychapel.com/library/smith-chuck/books/ccd.htm |archive-date=April 28, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
@@ Line 112: / Line 120: @@
 The requirements do not include a [[seminary]] degree. In accordance with Calvary's interpretation and understanding of the Bible (see 1 Timothy 3:2 and 1 Timothy 3:12), Calvary Chapel does not [[ordination of women|ordain women]] or sexually-active homosexuals as pastors.
-Regional [[lead pastor]]s exercise a measure of accountability.<ref name="ccofmission">{{Cite web |title=Calvary Chapel Leadership |url=http://calvarychapelassociation.com/national-international-regional-leadership/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060404055418/http://ccofweb.com/missionstatement.htm |archive-date=April 4, 2006 |access-date=April 11, 2013}}</ref>
+Regional [[lead pastor]]s exercise a measure of accountability.<ref name="ccofmission">{{Cite web |title=Calvary Chapel Leadership |url=http://calvarychapelassociation.com/national-international-regional-leadership/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060404055418/http://ccofweb.com/missionstatement.htm |archive-date=April 4, 2006 |access-date=April 11, 2013}}</ref> Since no legal or financial ties link the different Calvary Chapels, only [[religious disaffiliation|disaffiliation]] can serve as a disciplinary procedure.
-Since no legal or financial ties link the different Calvary Chapels, only [[religious disaffiliation|disaffiliation]] can serve as a disciplinary procedure.
 The Calvary Chapel trademark is owned by Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa, the flagship church of the Calvary Chapel Global Network.<ref name="CCCM Trademark">{{Cite web |title=Calvary Chapel |url=http://tmsearch.uspto.gov/bin/showfield?f=doc&state=4804:e7e6k1.4.10 |access-date=December 22, 2016 |archive-date=December 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223135832/http://tmsearch.uspto.gov/bin/showfield?f=doc&state=4804:e7e6k1.4.10 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Calvary dove logo is also a "trademark-protected property of Calvary Chapel of Costa Mesa."<ref name="CCCM Dove Logo Trademark">{{Cite web |title=Calvary Chapel Name and Logo |work=Calvary Church Planting Network |date=April 12, 2013 |url=http://calvarychurchplanting.org/2013/04/12/calvary-chapel-name-logo/ |access-date=December 22, 2016 |archive-date=December 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223133932/http://calvarychurchplanting.org/2013/04/12/calvary-chapel-name-logo/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
@@ Line 122: / Line 129: @@
 Calvary Chapel leaders, including Smith, were the subject of a lawsuit alleging that they knew or should have known that a minister named Anthony Iglesias was prone to sexual abuse when they moved him from ministry positions in [[Diamond Bar, California]], to [[Thailand]], to [[Post Falls, Idaho]].<ref name="Graman11" /><ref name="Arellano11">Arellano, Gustavo 2011. [http://blogs.ocweekly.com/navelgazing/2011/08/lawsuit_claims_calvary_chapel.php Lawsuit claims Calvary Chapel allowed shuffling of pedophile employee from Diamond Bar to Idaho] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901055844/http://blogs.ocweekly.com/navelgazing/2011/08/lawsuit_claims_calvary_chapel.php |date=September 1, 2011 }}, ''[[OC Weekly]]''. Published August 23, 2011.. Retrieved September 19, 2011.</ref> Iglesias was convicted of molesting two 14-year-old boys in California in 2004, and the lawsuit stemmed from events in Idaho, but all alleged abuse occurred in or before 2003.<ref name="Graman11">Graman, Kevin 2011. [http://m.spokesman.com/stories/2011/apr/16/churches-protected-predator-suit-says/ Churches protected predator, suit says] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110925062843/http://m.spokesman.com/stories/2011/apr/16/churches-protected-predator-suit-says/ |date=September 25, 2011 }}, ''[[The Spokesman-Review]]''. Published April 16, 2011. Retrieved September 19, 2011.</ref>  The church was dismissed as a defendant in the lawsuit.
-As a result of what he saw as micromanaging church elders and board members, Chuck Smith used "an independent board of elders" when he took the senior pastor role at Calvary Chapel. Smith subsequently wrote that "senior pastors should be answerable to God, not to a denominational hierarchy or board of elders". ''[[Christianity Today]]'' says that Smith's "Moses Model", in which senior pastors do not permit their authority to be challenged, can lead to churches that are often resistant to accountability. In response, Smith says he is following the authority structure that God used when Israel was under the rule of Moses.<ref name="Moll07">{{Cite magazine |last=Moll |first=Rob |date=February 16, 2007 |title=Day of Reckoning: Chuck Smith and Calvary Chapel face an uncertain future. |url=http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/article_print.html?id=40794 |magazine=[[Christianity Today]] |access-date=March 14, 2010}}</ref>
+As a result of what he saw as micromanaging church elders and board members, Chuck Smith used "an independent board of elders" when he took the senior pastor role at Calvary Chapel. According to ''[[Christianity Today]],'' Smith's book ''Calvary Chapel Distinctions'' taught that senior pastors should be answerable to God, not to a denominational hierarchy or board of elders, by analogy with the authority structure that God used when Israel was under the rule of Moses. Critics claim that Smith's "Moses Model", in which senior pastors do not permit their authority to be challenged, can lead to churches that are often resistant to accountability.<ref name="Moll07">{{Cite magazine |last=Moll |first=Rob |date=February 16, 2007 |title=Day of Reckoning: Chuck Smith and Calvary Chapel face an uncertain future. |url=http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/article_print.html?id=40794 |magazine=[[Christianity Today]] |access-date=March 14, 2010}}</ref> Calvary Chapel suggests that some churches are led astray by the management of their boards and that a biblical board of elders should aid the ministry and give wise counsel, not control the affairs of the church.
-According to one article, "Smith's book ''Calvary Chapel Distinctives'' teaches that senior pastors should be answerable to God, not to a denominational hierarchy or board of elders."  Critics say this 'Moses model' produces pastors who do not permit their authority to be challenged. Calvary Chapel suggests that some churches are led astray by the management of their boards and that a biblical board of elders should aid the ministry and give wise counsel, not control the affairs of the church.
 In November 2016, Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa left the Calvary Chapel Association and formed the Calvary Chapel Global Network. The latter continues to count the association's 1,700 churches as members unless they opt out.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shellnut |first=Kate |date=February 17, 2017 |title=A Tale of Two Calvary Chapels: Behind the Movement's Split |url=https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2017/march/tale-of-two-calvary-chapel-movement-split-chuck-smith.html |newspaper=Christianity Today |access-date=February 2, 2020 |archive-date=February 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202162448/https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2017/march/tale-of-two-calvary-chapel-movement-split-chuck-smith.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
@@ Line 132: / Line 137: @@
 ===Bible college===
 {{Main|Calvary Chapel Bible College}}
-Calvary Chapel Bible College (CCBC) in [[Twin Peaks, California]] is the flagship of at least 50 affiliated campuses throughout the world. The college recently returned to a newly renovated site after about three decades in [[Murrieta, California]].<ref name="extension">{{Cite web |title=CCBC Affiliate Campuses |url=http://calvarychapelbiblecollege.com/site/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2&Itemid=55 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111121170024/http://www.calvarychapelbiblecollege.com/site/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2&Itemid=55 |archive-date=November 21, 2011 |access-date=July 14, 2011}}</ref> Founded in 1975, it originally offered a "short, intensive study program",<ref name="maincampus">{{Cite web |title=CCBC Main Campus |url=http://www.calvarychapelbiblecollege.com/wb/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060414105645/http://www.calvarychapelbiblecollege.com/wb/ |archive-date=April 14, 2006 |access-date=April 16, 2006}}</ref> but became a college awarding Certificates of Completion, [[Associate's degree|Associate in Theology]] degrees (for high-school graduates), and Bachelor of Biblical Studies degrees (to students who have an Associate of Arts from an approved college).<ref name="college">{{Cite web |title=CCBC Undergraduate Program |url=http://www.calvarychapelbiblecollege.com/wb/pages/main-campus/academic-information/undergraduate-program.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060225101037/http://www.calvarychapelbiblecollege.com/wb/pages/main-campus/academic-information/undergraduate-program.php |archive-date=February 25, 2006 |access-date=April 16, 2006}}</ref><ref name="gradsheet">{{Cite web |title=CCBC Graduation Worksheet |url=http://data.calvarychapelbiblecollege.com/ccbc/forms/GraduationWorksheet.pdf |access-date=July 14, 2011 |archive-date=March 27, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327162332/http://data.calvarychapelbiblecollege.com/ccbc/forms/GraduationWorksheet.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The college as a whole is pursuing [[Educational accreditation|accreditation]]; and students can transfer CCBC credits to some major accredited colleges such as [[Azusa Pacific University|Azusa Pacific]], [[Biola University]], [[Liberty University]], [[Veritas International University]], etc.{{Citation needed|date=December 2008}} The college was initially reluctant on seeking accreditation,<ref>{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=Calvary Chapel bible College – Accreditation |url=http://www.calvarychapelbiblecollege.com/wb/pages/main-campus/general-information/accreditation.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919091742/http://www.calvarychapelbiblecollege.com/wb/pages/main-campus/general-information/accreditation.php |archive-date=September 19, 2008 |access-date=October 26, 2008 |quote=We are not accredited, nor are we seeking accreditation, so as to be free from outside control and remain open to the leading of the Holy Spirit.}}</ref>
+Calvary Chapel Bible College (CCBC) was founded as a ministry of Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa in 1975. CCBC is now an independent institution serving Calvary Chapel at large from their current location in Bradenton, Florida.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-03-18 |title=CCBC's Next Chapter |url=https://calvarychapelbiblecollege.com/2025/03/18/ccbcs-next-chapter/ |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=Calvary Chapel Bible College |language=en-US}}</ref> It originally offered a "short, intensive study program",<ref name="maincampus">{{Cite web |title=CCBC Main Campus |url=http://www.calvarychapelbiblecollege.com/wb/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060414105645/http://www.calvarychapelbiblecollege.com/wb/ |archive-date=April 14, 2006 |access-date=April 16, 2006}}</ref> but became a college offering [[Associate's degree|Associate of Biblical Studies]] degrees (for high-school graduates), and Bachelor of Biblical Studies degrees (to students who have an Associate of Arts from an approved college).<ref name="college">{{Cite web |title=CCBC Undergraduate Program |url=http://www.calvarychapelbiblecollege.com/wb/pages/main-campus/academic-information/undergraduate-program.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060225101037/http://www.calvarychapelbiblecollege.com/wb/pages/main-campus/academic-information/undergraduate-program.php |archive-date=February 25, 2006 |access-date=April 16, 2006}}</ref><ref name="gradsheet">{{Cite web |title=CCBC Graduation Worksheet |url=http://data.calvarychapelbiblecollege.com/ccbc/forms/GraduationWorksheet.pdf |access-date=July 14, 2011 |archive-date=March 27, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327162332/http://data.calvarychapelbiblecollege.com/ccbc/forms/GraduationWorksheet.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The college as a whole is pursuing [[Educational accreditation|accreditation]]; and students can transfer CCBC credits to some major accredited colleges such as [[Azusa Pacific University|Azusa Pacific]], [[Biola University]], [[Liberty University]], [[Veritas International University]], etc.{{Citation needed|date=December 2008}} The college was initially reluctant on seeking accreditation,<ref>{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=Calvary Chapel bible College – Accreditation |url=http://www.calvarychapelbiblecollege.com/wb/pages/main-campus/general-information/accreditation.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919091742/http://www.calvarychapelbiblecollege.com/wb/pages/main-campus/general-information/accreditation.php |archive-date=September 19, 2008 |access-date=October 26, 2008 |quote=We are not accredited, nor are we seeking accreditation, so as to be free from outside control and remain open to the leading of the Holy Spirit.}}</ref>
 stating that this allows Calvary Chapel Bible College to keep tuition costs lower and offer courses taught by instructors without master's degrees. But C.C.B.C. has reversed course and is currently seeking accreditation.<ref name="accredited">{{Cite web |title=CCBC Accreditation |url=http://www.calvarychapelbiblecollege.com/wb/pages/main-campus/general-information/accreditation.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919091742/http://www.calvarychapelbiblecollege.com/wb/pages/main-campus/general-information/accreditation.php |archive-date=September 19, 2008 |access-date=October 26, 2008 |quote=We desire to continue in our independent standing so as not to compromise the integrity of the vision or direction the Lord has given to CCBC. We believe that the credibility of CCBC is not in accreditation, but in the fruitfulness and surrendered lives of the students who have attended.}}</ref>
@@ Line 165: / Line 170: @@
 ===Pastors===
-* [[Chuck Smith (pastor)|Chuck Smith]] (died October 3, 2013),<ref name="latimes.com" /> founder of the Calvary Chapel movement in the 1960s; senior pastor of Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa in [[Santa Ana, California]], until his death.
+* [[Chuck Smith (pastor)|Chuck Smith]] (1927-2013),<ref name="latimes.com" /> founder of the Calvary Chapel movement in the 1960s; senior pastor of Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa in [[Santa Ana, California]], until his death.
 * [[Bob Coy]], founder of [[Calvary Chapel Fort Lauderdale]]. Resigned in 2014 over an adultery scandal.<ref name="miamiherald">{{Cite web |title=The rise and fall of Fort Lauderdale's superstar preacher |website=[[Miami Herald]] |url=http://www.miamiherald.com/2014/04/07/4045514/the-rise-and-fall-of-fort-lauderdales.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810102700/http://www.miamiherald.com/2014/04/07/4045514/the-rise-and-fall-of-fort-lauderdales.html |archive-date=August 10, 2014 |access-date=December 5, 2014}}</ref><ref name="christianpost">{{Cite web |title=What's Next at Calvary Chapel Ft. Lauderdale Without Bob Coy? Interview with New Lead Pastor Doug Sauder |url=http://www.christianpost.com/news/whats-next-at-calvary-chapel-ft-lauderdale-without-bob-coy-interview-with-new-lead-pastor-doug-sauder-123441/ |access-date=December 5, 2014 |website=The Christian Post |date=July 17, 2014 |archive-date=December 7, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207162817/http://www.christianpost.com/news/whats-next-at-calvary-chapel-ft-lauderdale-without-bob-coy-interview-with-new-lead-pastor-doug-sauder-123441/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="christianpost2">{{Cite web |title='God Will Not Be Mocked;' Bob Coy Resigned Over Multiple Counts of Adultery and Porn, Reveals Calvary Chapel Pastor Chet Lowe |url=http://www.christianpost.com/news/god-will-not-be-mocked-bob-coy-resigned-over-multiple-counts-of-adultery-and-porn-reveals-calvary-chapel-pastor-chet-lowe-118870/ |access-date=December 5, 2014 |website=The Christian Post |date=April 30, 2014 |archive-date=December 7, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207162127/http://www.christianpost.com/news/god-will-not-be-mocked-bob-coy-resigned-over-multiple-counts-of-adultery-and-porn-reveals-calvary-chapel-pastor-chet-lowe-118870/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="nydailynews">{{Cite web |title=Megachurch pastor resigns over adultery, porn - NY Daily News |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/megachurch-pastor-resigns-adultery-porn-article-1.1775130 |access-date=December 5, 2014 |website=Daily News |date=May 2014 |location=New York |archive-date=December 18, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218162708/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/megachurch-pastor-resigns-adultery-porn-article-1.1775130 |url-status=live }}</ref>
-* [[Lonnie Frisbee]] (died 1993),<ref>Annette Cloutier, ''Præy To God: A Tasteful Trip Through Faith: Volume One'', {{ISBN|1-4363-1555-7}}, {{ISBN|978-1-4363-1555-5}}, page 437.</ref><ref name="testimony">{{Cite web |last=Chattaway |first=Peter |title=Documentary of a Hippie Preacher |url=http://www.christianitytoday.com/movies/interviews/daviddisabatino.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070511081931/http://www.christianitytoday.com/movies/interviews/daviddisabatino.html |archive-date=May 11, 2007 |access-date=May 17, 2007}}</ref> hippie evangelist in the 1960s, the key figure of the Jesus Movement: "The first Jesus freak."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Coker |first=Matt |date=March 3, 2005 |title=The First Jesus Freak: A pot-smokin, LSD-droppin seeker turned Calvary Chapel into a household name. So why is Lonnie Frisbee missing from church history? |url=http://www.ocweekly.com/2005-03-03/features/the-first-jesus-freak/1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090404123727/http://www.ocweekly.com/2005-03-03/features/the-first-jesus-freak/1 |archive-date=April 4, 2009 |access-date=November 30, 2008 |website=OC Weekly |location=Santa Ana, California |quote=Lonnie left after about four years as Calvary's unofficial youth pastor and, after a brief time in the Shepherding movement, wound up at the soon-to-become Vineyard Church of Yorba Linda.}}</ref> Pastor in Calvary Chapel until 1971.
+* [[Lonnie Frisbee]] (1949-1993),<ref>Annette Cloutier, ''Præy To God: A Tasteful Trip Through Faith: Volume One'', {{ISBN|1-4363-1555-7}}, {{ISBN|978-1-4363-1555-5}}, page 437.</ref><ref name="testimony">{{Cite web |last=Chattaway |first=Peter |title=Documentary of a Hippie Preacher |url=http://www.christianitytoday.com/movies/interviews/daviddisabatino.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070511081931/http://www.christianitytoday.com/movies/interviews/daviddisabatino.html |archive-date=May 11, 2007 |access-date=May 17, 2007}}</ref> hippie evangelist in the 1960s, the key figure of the Jesus Movement: "The first Jesus freak."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Coker |first=Matt |date=March 3, 2005 |title=The First Jesus Freak: A pot-smokin, LSD-droppin seeker turned Calvary Chapel into a household name. So why is Lonnie Frisbee missing from church history? |url=http://www.ocweekly.com/2005-03-03/features/the-first-jesus-freak/1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090404123727/http://www.ocweekly.com/2005-03-03/features/the-first-jesus-freak/1 |archive-date=April 4, 2009 |access-date=November 30, 2008 |website=OC Weekly |location=Santa Ana, California |quote=Lonnie left after about four years as Calvary's unofficial youth pastor and, after a brief time in the Shepherding movement, wound up at the soon-to-become Vineyard Church of Yorba Linda.}}</ref> Pastor in Calvary Chapel until 1971.
 * [[Skip Heitzig]], senior pastor of Calvary of Albuquerque {{as of | 1982 | alt = as of 1982}}<ref>{{Cite web |year=1982 |title=About Calvary |url=http://www.calvaryabq.org/pastorbios/content_pastorbio_skiph.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090127021813/http://calvaryabq.org/pastorbios/content_pastorbio_skiph.htm |archive-date=January 27, 2009 |access-date=February 11, 2009 |publisher=Calvary Chapel of Albuquerque |location=Albuquerque, New Mexico |quote=Skip, along with Lenya and their son, Nathan, moved back to California in January 2004 to continue to serve as Senior Pastor at Ocean Hills Community Church in San Juan Capistrano. Skip served in this capacity in CA until July 2006, when he and Lenya returned to Albuquerque to once again serve as Senior Pastor at Calvary of Albuquerque.}}</ref>
-* [[Greg Laurie]], Senior Pastor, since 1979, of [[Harvest Christian Fellowship]] in Riverside.
+* [[Greg Laurie]], senior pastor, since 1979, of [[Harvest Christian Fellowship]] in Riverside.
-* [[Jack Hibbs]], Senior Pastor & founder of Calvary Chapel Chino Hills, alongside the Real Life network. A key figure in the teaching of the bible, end times prophesy & along with [[Amir Tsarfati]], leads the popular Happening Now program.
 * [[Mike MacIntosh]], pastor {{as of | 2009 | alt = as of 2009}} of Horizon Christian Fellowship in San Diego.
-* [[Chuck Missler]] (died May 1, 2018), author and teacher.
+* [[Chuck Missler]] (1934-2018), author and teacher.
-* [[Paul LeBoutillier]], Senior Pastor & of Calvary Chapel Ontario since 1990, and popular online teacher.
 ===Musicians===
@@ Line 198: / Line 201: @@
 === Other members ===
 * [[Linda Gist Calvin]], 41st President General of the [[Daughters of the American Revolution]]
+* [[Charlie Kirk]], right-wing political activist and media personality
 == See also ==