Jiangxi: Difference between revisions
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| leader_name2 = [[Ye Jianchun]] | | leader_name2 = [[Ye Jianchun]] | ||
| leader_title3 = [[Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference|CPPCC]] chairman | | leader_title3 = [[Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference|CPPCC]] chairman | ||
| leader_name3 = | | leader_name3 = [[Song Fulong]] | ||
| leader_title4 = [[National People's Congress]] Representation | | leader_title4 = [[National People's Congress]] Representation | ||
| leader_name4 = 80 deputies | | leader_name4 = 80 deputies | ||
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| demographics2_info1 = CN¥3.42 trillion ([[List of Chinese provincial-level divisions by GDP|15th]]; US$ 480.26 billion) | | demographics2_info1 = CN¥3.42 trillion ([[List of Chinese provincial-level divisions by GDP|15th]]; US$ 480.26 billion) | ||
| demographics2_title2 = Per capita | | demographics2_title2 = Per capita | ||
| demographics2_info2 = CN¥75,862 ([[List of Chinese provincial-level divisions by GDP per capita| | | demographics2_info2 = CN¥75,862 ([[List of Chinese provincial-level divisions by GDP per capita|21st]]; US$ 10,652) | ||
| iso_code = CN-JX | | iso_code = CN-JX | ||
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| showflag = gan| | | showflag = gan| | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Jiangxi'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|dZ|æ|N|'|S|i:|,_|dZ|i|Q|N|-}};<ref>{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Jiangxi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519014238/https://www.lexico.com/definition/Jiangxi | '''Jiangxi'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|dZ|æ|N|'|S|i:|,_|dZ|i|Q|N|-}};<ref>{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Jiangxi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519014238/https://www.lexico.com/definition/Jiangxi |archive-date=May 19, 2021 |title=Jiangxi |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref> <!-- details in infobox -->{{lang-zh|c={{Audio|zh-Jiangxi.ogg|江西|help=no}}|labels=no}}; [[Postal romanization|formerly romanized]] as '''Kiangsi''' or '''Chianghsi'''<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Jiangxi|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Jiangxi|access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>}} is an inland [[Provinces of China|province]] in [[east China]]. Spanning from the banks of the [[Yangtze]] river in the north into hillier areas in the south and east, it borders [[Anhui]] to the north, [[Zhejiang]] to the northeast, [[Fujian]] to the east, [[Guangdong]] to the south, [[Hunan]] to the west, and [[Hubei]] to the northwest. Major cities include its capital [[Nanchang]], [[Ganzhou]], and [[Jiujiang]]. | ||
After the [[1911 Revolution]] ended the [[Qing dynasty]], Jiangxi became one of the earliest bases for the [[Chinese Communist Party]]. The [[Nanchang uprising]] took place in Jiangxi on 1 August 1927, beginning the [[Chinese Civil War]]. In 1931, the [[Chinese Soviet Republic]]'s government was established in [[Ruijin]], which is sometimes called the "Former Red Capital".{{efn|{{lang|zh-hans|红色故都}}, {{langx|gan|Fūng-set Kū-tu}}}} | After the [[1911 Revolution]] ended the [[Qing dynasty]], Jiangxi became one of the earliest bases for the [[Chinese Communist Party]]. The [[Nanchang uprising]] took place in Jiangxi on 1 August 1927, beginning the [[Chinese Civil War]]. In 1931, the [[Chinese Soviet Republic]]'s [[Jiangxi Soviet|government]] was established in [[Ruijin]], which is sometimes called the "Former Red Capital".{{efn|{{lang|zh-hans|红色故都}}, {{langx|gan|Fūng-set Kū-tu}}}} | ||
The southern half of Jiangxi is hilly and mountainous, with ranges and valleys interspersed; notable mountains and mountain ranges include [[Mount Lu]], the [[Jinggang Mountains]] and [[Mount Sanqing]]. The northern half is comparatively lower in altitude. The [[Gan River]] flows through the province. | The southern half of Jiangxi is hilly and mountainous, with ranges and valleys interspersed; notable mountains and mountain ranges include [[Mount Lu]], the [[Jinggang Mountains]] and [[Mount Sanqing]]. The northern half is comparatively lower in altitude. The [[Gan River]] flows through the province. | ||
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==History== | ==History== | ||
{{main|History of Jiangxi}} | {{main|History of Jiangxi}} | ||
Jiangxi is centered on the [[Gan River]] valley, which historically provided the main north–south transport route of south China. The corridor along the Gan River is one of the few easily traveled routes through the otherwise mountainous and rugged terrain of the south-eastern mountains. This open corridor was the primary route for trade and communication between the [[North China Plain]] and the [[Yangtze River]] valley in the north and the territory of modern [[Guangdong]] province in the south. As a result, Jiangxi has been strategically important throughout much of China's history.{{ | Jiangxi is centered on the [[Gan River]] valley, which historically provided the main north–south transport route of south China. The corridor along the Gan River is one of the few easily traveled routes through the otherwise mountainous and rugged terrain of the south-eastern mountains. This open corridor was the primary route for trade and communication between the [[North China Plain]] and the [[Yangtze River]] valley in the north and the territory of modern [[Guangdong]] province in the south. As a result, Jiangxi has been strategically important throughout much of China's history.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} | ||
Jiangxi was outside the sphere of influence of early Chinese civilization during the [[Shang dynasty]] (16th to 11th centuries BC). It is likely that peoples collectively known as the [[Baiyue]] inhabited the region. During the [[Spring and Autumn period]], the northern part of modern Jiangxi formed the western frontier of the state of [[Wu (state)|Wu]]. After Wu was conquered by the [[Yue (state)|state of Yue]] (a power based in modern northern [[Zhejiang]]) in 473 BC, the state of [[Chu (state)|Chu]] (based in modern [[Hubei]]) took over northern Jiangxi and there may have been some Yue influence in the south. Chu subjugated Yue in 333 BC. In 223 BC, when [[Qin (state)|Qin]] conquered Chu, a majority of the Jiangxi area was recorded to be put under Jiujiang Commandery situated in [[Shou County|Shouchun]] ({{lang|zh-hant|壽春}}).<ref>http://218.65.88.149:8080/was40/detail?record=1&primarykeyvalue=%E9%A2%98%E5%90%8D%3D%E8%B1%AB%E7%AB%A0%E6%95%85%E9%83%A1&channelid=7274{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> However the commandery was ineffective and ended shortly when Qin falls. | Jiangxi was outside the sphere of influence of early Chinese civilization during the [[Shang dynasty]] (16th to 11th centuries BC). It is likely that peoples collectively known as the [[Baiyue]] inhabited the region. During the [[Spring and Autumn period]], the northern part of modern Jiangxi formed the western frontier of the state of [[Wu (state)|Wu]]. After Wu was conquered by the [[Yue (state)|state of Yue]] (a power based in modern northern [[Zhejiang]]) in 473 BC, the state of [[Chu (state)|Chu]] (based in modern [[Hubei]]) took over northern Jiangxi and there may have been some Yue influence in the south. Chu subjugated Yue in 333 BC. In 223 BC, when [[Qin (state)|Qin]] conquered Chu, a majority of the Jiangxi area was recorded to be put under Jiujiang Commandery situated in [[Shou County|Shouchun]] ({{lang|zh-hant|壽春}}).<ref>http://218.65.88.149:8080/was40/detail?record=1&primarykeyvalue=%E9%A2%98%E5%90%8D%3D%E8%B1%AB%E7%AB%A0%E6%95%85%E9%83%A1&channelid=7274{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> However the commandery was ineffective and ended shortly when Qin falls. | ||
[[Yuzhang Commandery]] ({{lang|zh|豫章}}, Gan: Ì-zong) was established in Jiangxi at the beginning of the [[Han dynasty]], possibly before the death of [[Xiang Yu]] in 202 BC, and it was also the first commandery set up by Chinese dynasty in Jiangxi. It was named after the Yuzhang River ({{lang|zh|豫章江}}, Gan: Ì-zong Kong), the original name of Gan River. "Gan" has become the abbreviation of the province. In 201, eight counties were added to the original seven of Qin,{{Citation needed|date=June 2010}} and three more were established in later years. Throughout most of the Han dynasty the commandery's eighteen counties covered most of the modern province of Jiangxi. The county seats of Nanchang, Gan, Yudu, Luling among others were located at the sites of modern major cities. Other counties, however, have been moved or abolished in later centuries.{{ | [[Yuzhang Commandery]] ({{lang|zh|豫章}}, Gan: Ì-zong) was established in Jiangxi at the beginning of the [[Han dynasty]], possibly before the death of [[Xiang Yu]] in 202 BC, and it was also the first commandery set up by Chinese dynasty in Jiangxi. It was named after the Yuzhang River ({{lang|zh|豫章江}}, Gan: Ì-zong Kong), the original name of Gan River. "Gan" has become the abbreviation of the province. In 201, eight counties were added to the original seven of Qin,{{Citation needed|date=June 2010}} and three more were established in later years. Throughout most of the Han dynasty the commandery's eighteen counties covered most of the modern province of Jiangxi. The county seats of Nanchang, Gan, Yudu, Luling among others were located at the sites of modern major cities. Other counties, however, have been moved or abolished in later centuries.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} | ||
Under the reign of [[Emperor Wu of Han|Emperor Wu]] of the [[Han dynasty]], Yuzhang Commandery was assigned to [[Yangzhou Province]], as part of a trend to establish provinces (''[[zhou (political division)|zhou]]'') all across China. In 291 AD, during the [[Western Jin dynasty]], Jiangxi became its own ''Zhou'' called Jiangzhou ({{lang|zh|江州}}, Gan: Kong-chiu). During the [[Southern and Northern Dynasties]], Jiangxi was under the control of the southern dynasties, and the number of ''zhou'' slowly grew.{{ | Under the reign of [[Emperor Wu of Han|Emperor Wu]] of the [[Han dynasty]], Yuzhang Commandery was assigned to [[Yangzhou Province]], as part of a trend to establish provinces (''[[zhou (political division)|zhou]]'') all across China. In 291 AD, during the [[Western Jin dynasty]], Jiangxi became its own ''Zhou'' called Jiangzhou ({{lang|zh|江州}}, Gan: Kong-chiu). During the [[Southern and Northern Dynasties]], Jiangxi was under the control of the southern dynasties, and the number of ''zhou'' slowly grew.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} | ||
During the [[Sui dynasty]], there were seven [[Commandery (China)|commanderies]] and twenty-four counties in Jiangxi. During the [[Tang dynasty]], another commandery and fourteen counties were added. Commanderies were then abolished, becoming ''zhou'' (henceforth translated as "prefectures" rather than "provinces").{{ | During the [[Sui dynasty]], there were seven [[Commandery (China)|commanderies]] and twenty-four counties in Jiangxi. During the [[Tang dynasty]], another commandery and fourteen counties were added. Commanderies were then abolished, becoming ''zhou'' (henceforth translated as "prefectures" rather than "provinces").{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} | ||
[[Circuit (administrative division)|Circuits]] were established during the [[Tang dynasty]] as a new top-level administrative division. At first Jiangxi was part of the [[Jiangnan Circuit]] (lit. "Circuit south of the Yangtze"). In 733, this circuit was divided into western and eastern halves. Jiangxi was found in the western half, which was called [[Jiangnanxi Circuit]] (lit. "Western circuits south of the Yangtze"). This is the source of the modern name "Jiangxi".{{ | [[Circuit (administrative division)|Circuits]] were established during the [[Tang dynasty]] as a new top-level administrative division. At first Jiangxi was part of the [[Jiangnan Circuit]] (lit. "Circuit south of the Yangtze"). In 733, this circuit was divided into western and eastern halves. Jiangxi was found in the western half, which was called [[Jiangnanxi Circuit]] (lit. "Western circuits south of the Yangtze"). This is the source of the modern name "Jiangxi".{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} | ||
The [[Tang dynasty]] collapsed in 907, heralding the division of the [[Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms]] period. Jiangxi first belonged to [[Wu (Ten Kingdoms)|Wu]] ({{lang|zh-hant|吳}}, Gan: Ng), then to [[Southern Tang]] ({{lang|zh|南唐}}, Gan: Nām-thóng). Both states were based in modern-day [[Nanjing]], further down the [[Yangtze River]].{{ | The [[Tang dynasty]] collapsed in 907, heralding the division of the [[Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms]] period. Jiangxi first belonged to [[Wu (Ten Kingdoms)|Wu]] ({{lang|zh-hant|吳}}, Gan: Ng), then to [[Southern Tang]] ({{lang|zh|南唐}}, Gan: Nām-thóng). Both states were based in modern-day [[Nanjing]], further down the [[Yangtze River]].{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} | ||
During the [[Song dynasty]], Jiangnanxi Circuit was reestablished with nine prefectures and four army districts (with sixty-eight districts).{{ | During the [[Song dynasty]], Jiangnanxi Circuit was reestablished with nine prefectures and four army districts (with sixty-eight districts).{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} | ||
During the [[Yuan dynasty]], the circuit was divided into thirteen different circuits, and Jiangxi Province was established for the first time. This province also included the majority of modern [[Guangdong]]. Jiangxi acquired (more or less) its modern borders during the [[Ming dynasty]] after [[Guangdong]] was separated out. There has been little change to the borders of Jiangxi since.{{ | During the [[Yuan dynasty]], the circuit was divided into thirteen different circuits, and Jiangxi Province was established for the first time. This province also included the majority of modern [[Guangdong]]. Jiangxi acquired (more or less) its modern borders during the [[Ming dynasty]] after [[Guangdong]] was separated out. There has been little change to the borders of Jiangxi since.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} | ||
After the fall of the Qing dynasty, Jiangxi became one of the earliest bases for the [[Chinese Communist Party|Communists]] and many peasants were recruited to join the growing people's revolution. The [[Nanchang Uprising]] took place in Jiangxi on 1 August | After the fall of the Qing dynasty, Jiangxi became one of the earliest bases for the [[Chinese Communist Party|Communists]] and many peasants were recruited to join the growing people's revolution. The [[Nanchang Uprising]] took place in Jiangxi on 1 August 1927, during the [[Chinese Civil War]]. Later the Communist leadership hid in the mountains of southern and western Jiangxi, hiding from the Kuomintang's attempts to eradicate them. In 1931, the [[Chinese Soviet Republic]]'s government was established in [[Ruijin]], which is sometimes called the "Former Red Capital" ({{lang|zh-hans|红色故都}}, Gan: Fūng-set Kū-tu), or just the "Red Capital". In 1935, after complete encirclement by the Nationalist forces, the Communists broke through and began the [[Long March]] to [[Yan'an]].{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} | ||
From 1930 to 1934, the National Government carried out five military campaigns against the Jiangxi Soviet area. Its brutal two-party battles and cleansing (including the internal cleansing of the Red Army and the cleaning of the post-war government) caused a large number of deaths or escapes, causing the population of Jiangxi to drop by 40%, until only 13.8 million people were left in 1936.{{ | From 1930 to 1934, the National Government carried out five military campaigns against the Jiangxi Soviet area. Its brutal two-party battles and cleansing (including the internal cleansing of the Red Army and the cleaning of the post-war government) caused a large number of deaths or escapes, causing the population of Jiangxi to drop by 40%, until only 13.8 million people were left in 1936.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Averill |first=Stephen C. |date=1981 |title=The New Life in Action: The Nationalist Government in South Jiangxi, 1934-37 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/653749 |journal=The China Quarterly |issue=88 |pages=594–628 |issn=0305-7410}}</ref> | ||
In 1936, after the opening of the [[Guangzhou–Hankou railway|Yuehan Railway]] in Hunan, Jiangxi lost its important position regarding north–south traffic. In 1937, the east-west Zhegan Railway was opened to traffic, which changed the original traffic patterns in Jiangxi to a large extent. The Jiujiang Port ({{lang|zh|九江港}}) began to decline in importance.{{ | In 1936, after the opening of the [[Guangzhou–Hankou railway|Yuehan Railway]] in Hunan, Jiangxi lost its important position regarding north–south traffic. In 1937, the east-west Zhegan Railway was opened to traffic, which changed the original traffic patterns in Jiangxi to a large extent. The Jiujiang Port ({{lang|zh|九江港}}) began to decline in importance.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} | ||
Following the [[Doolittle Raid]] during [[World War II]], most of the B-25 American crews that came down in China eventually made it to safety with the help of Chinese civilians and soldiers. The Chinese people who helped them, however, paid dearly for sheltering the Americans. The [[Imperial Japanese Army]] began the [[Zhejiang-Jiangxi Campaign]] to intimidate the Chinese from helping downed American airmen. The Japanese killed an estimated 250,000 civilians of China while searching for Doolittle's men.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/perilousfight/|title=The Perilous Fight: America's World War II in Color |website=PBS }}</ref> | Following the [[Doolittle Raid]] during [[World War II]], most of the B-25 American crews that came down in China eventually made it to safety with the help of Chinese civilians and soldiers. The Chinese people who helped them, however, paid dearly for sheltering the Americans. The [[Imperial Japanese Army]] began the [[Zhejiang-Jiangxi Campaign]] to intimidate the Chinese from helping downed American airmen. The Japanese killed an estimated 250,000 civilians of China while searching for Doolittle's men.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/perilousfight/|title=The Perilous Fight: America's World War II in Color |website=PBS }}</ref> | ||
Jiangxi came under the full control of the CCP upon the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949. The Republican provincial government was evacuated to [[Taichung]] in [[Taiwan Province]] before dissolving itself that same year.<ref>https://www.culture.taichung.gov.tw/media/827206/文化萬象p53-57.pdf | Jiangxi came under the full control of the CCP upon the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949. The Republican provincial government was evacuated to [[Taichung]] in [[Taiwan Province]] before dissolving itself that same year.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.culture.taichung.gov.tw/media/827206/文化萬象p53-57.pdf |first=Lin |last=Liangzhe |script-title=zh:中華民國江西省政府撤退來台之文物簡介 |language=zh |trans-title=A Brief Introduction to Cultural Relics from the Jiangxi Provincial Government of the Republic of China Repatriated to Taiwan |work=Da Dun: Cultural Bimonthly |pages=53–54 |access-date=11 August 2025}}</ref> | ||
==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
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[[File:Ayfg-sjgc-yj21.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Pingxiang City]] | [[File:Ayfg-sjgc-yj21.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Pingxiang City]] | ||
Mountains surround Jiangxi on three sides, with the [[Mufu Mountains]], [[Jiuling Mountains]], and [[Luoxiao Mountains]] on the west; [[Huaiyu Mountains]] and [[Wuyi Mountains]] on the east; and the {{Ill|Jiulian Mountains|zh|九连山}} ({{lang|zh|九连山}}) and [[Dayu Mountains]] in the south. The southern half of the province is hilly with ranges and valleys interspersed; while the northern half is flatter and lower in altitude. The highest point in Jiangxi is [[Mount Huanggang]] ({{lang|zh-hans|黄岗山}}) in the Wuyi Mountains, on the border with [[Fujian]]. It has an altitude of {{convert|2157|m}}.{{ | Mountains surround Jiangxi on three sides, with the [[Mufu Mountains]], [[Jiuling Mountains]], and [[Luoxiao Mountains]] on the west; [[Huaiyu Mountains]] and [[Wuyi Mountains]] on the east; and the {{Ill|Jiulian Mountains|zh|九连山}} ({{lang|zh|九连山}}) and [[Dayu Mountains]] in the south. The southern half of the province is hilly with ranges and valleys interspersed; while the northern half is flatter and lower in altitude. The highest point in Jiangxi is [[Mount Huanggang]] ({{lang|zh-hans|黄岗山}}) in the Wuyi Mountains, on the border with [[Fujian]]. It has an altitude of {{convert|2157|m}}.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} | ||
The [[Gan River]] dominates the province, flowing through the entire length of the province from south to north. It enters [[Lake Poyang]] in the north, the largest freshwater lake of China; that lake in turn empties into the [[Yangtze River]], which forms part of the northern border of Jiangxi. Important [[Reservoir (water)|reservoirs]] include the [[Zhelin Reservoir]] in the northwest of the province on the [[Xiushui River]], and the {{Ill|Wan'an Reservoir|zh|万安水库}} in the upper section of the Gan.{{ | The [[Gan River]] dominates the province, flowing through the entire length of the province from south to north. It enters [[Lake Poyang]] in the north, the largest freshwater lake of China; that lake in turn empties into the [[Yangtze River]], which forms part of the northern border of Jiangxi. Important [[Reservoir (water)|reservoirs]] include the [[Zhelin Reservoir]] in the northwest of the province on the [[Xiushui River]], and the {{Ill|Wan'an Reservoir|zh|万安水库}} in the upper section of the Gan.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} | ||
Jiangxi has a [[humid subtropical climate]] (''Cfa'' under the [[Köppen climate classification]]), with short, cool, damp winters, and very hot, humid summers. Average temperatures are about {{convert|3|to|9|°C|°F}} in January and {{convert|27|to|30|°C|°F}} in July. Annual precipitation is {{convert|1200|to|1900|mm|in}}, much of it falling in the heavy rains occurring in late spring and summer.{{ | Jiangxi has a [[humid subtropical climate]] (''Cfa'' under the [[Köppen climate classification]]), with short, cool, damp winters, and very hot, humid summers. Average temperatures are about {{convert|3|to|9|°C|°F}} in January and {{convert|27|to|30|°C|°F}} in July. Annual precipitation is {{convert|1200|to|1900|mm|in}}, much of it falling in the heavy rains occurring in late spring and summer.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} | ||
[[Nanchang]], the provincial capital and the most densely populated city, is one of the largest Chinese [[metropolis]]es. Nanchang is the hub of [[Culture of Jiangxi|Jiangxi civilization]] throughout its history, which plays a leading role in the commercial, intellectual and industrial and political fields.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.china.com.cn/culture/txt/2008-11/26/content_16834445_3.htm |title=www.china.com.cn |publisher=China.com.cn |date=2008-11-26 |access-date=2012-12-24}}</ref> [[Ganzhou]] is the largest subdivision of Jiangxi. | [[Nanchang]], the provincial capital and the most densely populated city, is one of the largest Chinese [[metropolis]]es. Nanchang is the hub of [[Culture of Jiangxi|Jiangxi civilization]] throughout its history, which plays a leading role in the commercial, intellectual and industrial and political fields.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.china.com.cn/culture/txt/2008-11/26/content_16834445_3.htm |title=www.china.com.cn |publisher=China.com.cn |date=2008-11-26 |access-date=2012-12-24}}</ref> [[Ganzhou]] is the largest subdivision of Jiangxi. | ||
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!! scope="col" rowspan="2" | [[Administrative division codes of the People's Republic of China|Division code]]<ref>{{cite web| language=zh-hans |url=http://files2.mca.gov.cn/cws/201502/20150225163817214.html |script-title=zh:中华人民共和国县以上行政区划代码 |publisher=[[Ministry of Civil Affairs]]}}</ref> | !! scope="col" rowspan="2" | [[Administrative division codes of the People's Republic of China|Division code]]<ref>{{cite web| language=zh-hans |url=http://files2.mca.gov.cn/cws/201502/20150225163817214.html |script-title=zh:中华人民共和国县以上行政区划代码 |publisher=[[Ministry of Civil Affairs]]}}</ref> | ||
!! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Division | !! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Division | ||
!! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Area in km<sup>2</sup><ref name="nj2013">{{cite book|language=zh-hans|author=Shenzhen Bureau of Statistics|publisher=[[:zh:中国统计出版社|China Statistics Print]] |script-title=zh:《深圳统计年鉴2014》|url=http://www.sztj.gov.cn/nj2014/indexce.htm|access-date=2015-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512184740/http://www.sztj.gov.cn/nj2014/indexce.htm|archive-date=2015-05-12 | !! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Area in km<sup>2</sup><ref name="nj2013">{{cite book|language=zh-hans|author=Shenzhen Bureau of Statistics|publisher=[[:zh:中国统计出版社|China Statistics Print]] |script-title=zh:《深圳统计年鉴2014》|url=http://www.sztj.gov.cn/nj2014/indexce.htm|access-date=2015-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512184740/http://www.sztj.gov.cn/nj2014/indexce.htm|archive-date=2015-05-12}}</ref> | ||
!! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Population 2020<ref>{{cite book| author1=Census Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China| author2=Population and Employment Statistics Division of the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China | script-title=zh:中国2010人口普查分乡、镇、街道资料|date=2012|publisher=[[:zh:中国统计出版社|China Statistics Print]] |location=Beijing|isbn=978-7-5037-6660-2|edition=1}}</ref> | !! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Population 2020<ref>{{cite book| author1=Census Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China| author2=Population and Employment Statistics Division of the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China | script-title=zh:中国2010人口普查分乡、镇、街道资料|date=2012|publisher=[[:zh:中国统计出版社|China Statistics Print]] |location=Beijing|isbn=978-7-5037-6660-2|edition=1}}</ref> | ||
!! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Seat | !! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Seat | ||
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|country = Jiangxi | |country = Jiangxi | ||
|kind = cities | |kind = cities | ||
|stat_ref = Source: ''China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018'' Urban Population and Urban Temporary Population<ref>{{cite book |author=[[Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development]] of the People's Republic of China(MOHURD) |url=http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/xytj/tjzljsxytjgb/jstjnj/w02020032722244243052500000.xls |date=2019 |title=中国城市建设统计年鉴2018 |trans-title=China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018 |language=zh |location=Beijing |publisher=China Statistic Publishing House |access-date=2021-11-30 |archive-date=2020-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718211023/http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/xytj/tjzljsxytjgb/jstjnj/w02020032722244243052500000.xls | |stat_ref = Source: ''China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018'' Urban Population and Urban Temporary Population<ref>{{cite book |author=[[Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development]] of the People's Republic of China(MOHURD) |url=http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/xytj/tjzljsxytjgb/jstjnj/w02020032722244243052500000.xls |date=2019 |title=中国城市建设统计年鉴2018 |trans-title=China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018 |language=zh |location=Beijing |publisher=China Statistic Publishing House |access-date=2021-11-30 |archive-date=2020-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718211023/http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/xytj/tjzljsxytjgb/jstjnj/w02020032722244243052500000.xls }}</ref> | ||
|list_by_pop = | |list_by_pop = | ||
|city_1 = Nanchang | |city_1 = Nanchang | ||
|pop_1 = 2,824,000 | |pop_1 = 2,824,000 | ||
|city_2 = Ganzhou | |city_2 = Ganzhou | ||
|pop_2 = 1,790,000 | |pop_2 = 1,790,000 | ||
|city_3 = Fuzhou, Jiangxi{{!}}Fuzhou | |city_3 = Fuzhou, Jiangxi{{!}}Fuzhou | ||
|pop_3 = 806,800 | |pop_3 = 806,800 | ||
|city_4 = Jiujiang | |city_4 = Jiujiang | ||
|pop_4 = 774,900 | |pop_4 = 774,900 | ||
|city_5 = Shangrao | |city_5 = Shangrao | ||
|pop_5 = 752,200 | |pop_5 = 752,200 | ||
| Line 391: | Line 383: | ||
The politics of Jiangxi is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in [[mainland China]]. | The politics of Jiangxi is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in [[mainland China]]. | ||
The [[Governor of Jiangxi]] is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Jiangxi. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor has less power than the Jiangxi [[Chinese Communist Party]] Provincial [[Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary|Committee Secretary]], colloquially termed the "Jiangxi CCP Party Chief".{{ | The [[Governor of Jiangxi]] is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Jiangxi. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor has less power than the Jiangxi [[Chinese Communist Party]] Provincial [[Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary|Committee Secretary]], colloquially termed the "Jiangxi CCP Party Chief".{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} | ||
==Economy== | ==Economy== | ||
| Line 398: | Line 390: | ||
[[Rice]] is the dominant crop in Jiangxi. Cash crops commonly grown include [[cotton]] and [[rapeseed]]. Jiangxi is the leading [[Kumquat production in China|producer of kumquats]] in China, particularly in [[Suichuan County]].<ref name="huibu1988">{{cite book|author=Zhonghua quan guo min zhu fu nü lian he hui|title=Chung-kuo fu nü|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kcmGAAAAIAAJ|access-date=16 June 2011|year=1988|publisher=Foreign Language Press}}</ref> | [[Rice]] is the dominant crop in Jiangxi. Cash crops commonly grown include [[cotton]] and [[rapeseed]]. Jiangxi is the leading [[Kumquat production in China|producer of kumquats]] in China, particularly in [[Suichuan County]].<ref name="huibu1988">{{cite book|author=Zhonghua quan guo min zhu fu nü lian he hui|title=Chung-kuo fu nü|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kcmGAAAAIAAJ|access-date=16 June 2011|year=1988|publisher=Foreign Language Press}}</ref> | ||
[[Mining industry of China|Mining-related industries]] are a major part of Jiangxi's economy.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Zhan |first=Jing Vivian |title=China's Contained Resource Curse: How Minerals Shape State-Capital-Labor Relations |date=2022 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-009-04898-9 |location=Cambridge, United Kingdom}}</ref>{{Rp|page=23}}Jiangxi is rich in mineral resources, leading the provinces of China in deposits of [[copper]], [[tungsten]], [[gold]], [[silver]], [[uranium]], [[thorium]], [[tantalum]], [[niobium]], among others. Noted centers of mining include [[Dexing, Jiangxi|Dexing]] (copper) and [[Dayu County]] (tungsten).{{ | [[Mining industry of China|Mining-related industries]] are a major part of Jiangxi's economy.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Zhan |first=Jing Vivian |title=China's Contained Resource Curse: How Minerals Shape State-Capital-Labor Relations |date=2022 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-009-04898-9 |location=Cambridge, United Kingdom}}</ref>{{Rp|page=23}}Jiangxi is rich in mineral resources, leading the provinces of China in deposits of [[copper]], [[tungsten]], [[gold]], [[silver]], [[uranium]], [[thorium]], [[tantalum]], [[niobium]], among others. Noted centers of mining include [[Dexing, Jiangxi|Dexing]] (copper) and [[Dayu County]] (tungsten).{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} | ||
It is located in extreme proximity to some of the richest provinces of China ([[Guangdong]], [[Zhejiang]], [[Fujian]]), which are sometimes blamed for taking away talent and capital from Jiangxi.<ref name="thechinaperspective.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.thechinaperspective.com/topics/province/jiangxi-province/ |title=Jiangxi Province: Economic News and Statistics for Jiangxi's Economy |publisher=Thechinaperspective.com |access-date=2012-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815200822/http://www.thechinaperspective.com/topics/province/jiangxi-province/ |archive-date=2012-08-15 | It is located in extreme proximity to some of the richest provinces of China ([[Guangdong]], [[Zhejiang]], [[Fujian]]), which are sometimes blamed for taking away talent and capital from Jiangxi.<ref name="thechinaperspective.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.thechinaperspective.com/topics/province/jiangxi-province/ |title=Jiangxi Province: Economic News and Statistics for Jiangxi's Economy |publisher=Thechinaperspective.com |access-date=2012-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815200822/http://www.thechinaperspective.com/topics/province/jiangxi-province/ |archive-date=2012-08-15 }}</ref> | ||
Jiangxi has the lowest wages and third lowest property prices in all of China.<ref name="thechinaperspective.com"/>{{Update | Jiangxi has the lowest wages and third lowest property prices in all of China.<ref name="thechinaperspective.com"/>{{Update inline|date=December 2024}} As of 2016 Jiangxi's nominal GDP was CNY 1.84 trillion or US$276.48 billion, and a per capita of CNY 40,400 or US$6,082.<ref name="SNA2008"/>{{Update inline|date=December 2024}} | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
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Nanchang National High-tech Industrial Development Zone (NCHDZ for short hereafter) is the only national grade high-tech zoned in Jiangxi, it was established in Mar. 1991. The zone covers an area of {{convert|231|km2|abbr=on}}, in which {{convert|32|km2|abbr=on}} have been completed. NCHDZ possesses unique nature condition and sound industry foundation of accepting electronics industry. NCHDZ has brought 25% industrial added value and 50% industrial benefit and tax to Nanchang city by using only 0.4% land area.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/nanchang-hi-tech-industrial-development-zone/ |title=Nanchang High-Tech Industrial Development Zone |publisher=RightSite.asia |access-date=2012-12-24}}</ref> | Nanchang National High-tech Industrial Development Zone (NCHDZ for short hereafter) is the only national grade high-tech zoned in Jiangxi, it was established in Mar. 1991. The zone covers an area of {{convert|231|km2|abbr=on}}, in which {{convert|32|km2|abbr=on}} have been completed. NCHDZ possesses unique nature condition and sound industry foundation of accepting electronics industry. NCHDZ has brought 25% industrial added value and 50% industrial benefit and tax to Nanchang city by using only 0.4% land area.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/nanchang-hi-tech-industrial-development-zone/ |title=Nanchang High-Tech Industrial Development Zone |publisher=RightSite.asia |access-date=2012-12-24}}</ref> | ||
*Nanchang Economic and Technological Development Zone<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/nanchang-economic-technological-development-zone/ |title=Nanchang Economic & Technological Development Zone |publisher=RightSite.asia |access-date=2012-12-24}}</ref> | *Nanchang Economic and Technological Development Zone<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/nanchang-economic-technological-development-zone/ |title=Nanchang Economic & Technological Development Zone |publisher=RightSite.asia |access-date=2012-12-24}}</ref> | ||
* [[Jiujiang]] Free Trade (Tariff-free) Zone<ref>{{cite web |title=九江综合保税区 |url=http://bsq.jiujiang.gov.cn/ |website=Jiujiang Free Trade Zone Website |access-date=20 July 2021 |archive-date=20 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720063114/http://bsq.jiujiang.gov.cn/ | * [[Jiujiang]] Free Trade (Tariff-free) Zone<ref>{{cite web |title=九江综合保税区 |url=http://bsq.jiujiang.gov.cn/ |website=Jiujiang Free Trade Zone Website |access-date=20 July 2021 |archive-date=20 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720063114/http://bsq.jiujiang.gov.cn/ }}</ref> | ||
* Jiujiang National Economical and Technological Development Zone<ref>{{cite web |title=九江国家级经济技术开发区 |url=http://jkq.jiujiang.gov.cn/ |website=Jiujiang National Economical and Technological Development Zone Website |access-date=20 July 2021 |archive-date=22 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722230112/http://jkq.jiujiang.gov.cn/ | * Jiujiang National Economical and Technological Development Zone<ref>{{cite web |title=九江国家级经济技术开发区 |url=http://jkq.jiujiang.gov.cn/ |website=Jiujiang National Economical and Technological Development Zone Website |access-date=20 July 2021 |archive-date=22 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722230112/http://jkq.jiujiang.gov.cn/ }}</ref> | ||
* Jiujiang [[Gongqingcheng]] National High-tech Industrial Development Zone<ref>{{cite web |title=九江共青城国家高新技术产业开发区 |url=http://www.gongqing.gov.cn/zwzx/ztzl/gqcgxq/ |website=Jiujiang Gongqingcheng National High-tech Industrial Development Zone |access-date=20 July 2021 |archive-date=20 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720063656/http://www.gongqing.gov.cn/zwzx/ztzl/gqcgxq/ | * Jiujiang [[Gongqingcheng]] National High-tech Industrial Development Zone<ref>{{cite web |title=九江共青城国家高新技术产业开发区 |url=http://www.gongqing.gov.cn/zwzx/ztzl/gqcgxq/ |website=Jiujiang Gongqingcheng National High-tech Industrial Development Zone |access-date=20 July 2021 |archive-date=20 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720063656/http://www.gongqing.gov.cn/zwzx/ztzl/gqcgxq/ }}</ref> | ||
==Demographics== | ==Demographics== | ||
[[File:She ethnic townships in Jiangxi.png|thumb|150px|She ethnic townships in Jiangxi]] | [[File:She ethnic townships in Jiangxi.png|thumb|150px|She ethnic townships in Jiangxi]] | ||
The population of Jiangxi is | The population of Jiangxi according [[2020 Chinese census]] is 45.18 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202105/t20210510_1817188.html |language=en| title=Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 3) | website=National Bureau of Statistics of China | date=2021-05-11|access-date=2021-05-11|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511104847/http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202105/t20210510_1817188.html | archive-date=2021-05-11}}</ref> 99.73% of that is [[Han Chinese]], predominantly [[Gan-speaking people|Gan]] and [[Hakka people|Hakka]]. [[Ganzhou]], Jiangxi's largest city, has an especially large number of Hakka. Ethnic minorities include the [[She people]]. | ||
Jiangxi and [[Henan]] both have the most unbalanced gender ratios of all Chinese provinces. Based on a 2009 ''[[British Medical Journal]]'' study, the ratio is over 140 boys for every 100 girls in the 1–4 age group.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.bmj.com/content/338/bmj.b1211.full |title=China's excess males, sex selective abortion, and one child policy: analysis of data from 2005 national intercensus survey |year=2009 |journal=BMJ |doi=10.1136/bmj.b1211 |access-date=2012-12-24|last1=Zhu |first1=W. X. |last2=Lu |first2=L. |last3=Hesketh |first3=T. |volume=338 | | Jiangxi and [[Henan]] both have the most unbalanced gender ratios of all Chinese provinces. Based on a 2009 ''[[British Medical Journal]]'' study, the ratio is over 140 boys for every 100 girls in the 1–4 age group.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.bmj.com/content/338/bmj.b1211.full |title=China's excess males, sex selective abortion, and one child policy: analysis of data from 2005 national intercensus survey |year=2009 |journal=BMJ |doi=10.1136/bmj.b1211 |access-date=2012-12-24|last1=Zhu |first1=W. X. |last2=Lu |first2=L. |last3=Hesketh |first3=T. |volume=338 |article-number=b1211 |pmid=19359290 |pmc=2667570 }}</ref>{{Update inline|date=December 2024}} | ||
{{Historical populations | {{Historical populations | ||
|title = Historical population | |title = Historical population | ||
| Line 486: | Line 478: | ||
|1936-37<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ja:1936-37年中国人口|url=http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo4.htm|access-date=6 March 2014}}</ref> |15,805,000 | |1936-37<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ja:1936-37年中国人口|url=http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo4.htm|access-date=6 March 2014}}</ref> |15,805,000 | ||
|1947<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ja:1947年全国人口|url=http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo5.htm|access-date=6 March 2014}}</ref> |12,507,000 | |1947<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ja:1947年全国人口|url=http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo5.htm|access-date=6 March 2014}}</ref> |12,507,000 | ||
|1954<ref name="census1954">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16767.htm |script-title=zh:中华人民共和国国家统计局关于第一次全国人口调查登记结果的公报 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] | |1954<ref name="census1954">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16767.htm |script-title=zh:中华人民共和国国家统计局关于第一次全国人口调查登记结果的公报 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090805174810/http://www.stats.gov.cn/TJGB/RKPCGB/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16767.htm |archive-date=2009-08-05 }}</ref> |16,772,865 | ||
|1964<ref name="census1964">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16768.htm |script-title=zh:第二次全国人口普查结果的几项主要统计数字 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] | |1964<ref name="census1964">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16768.htm |script-title=zh:第二次全国人口普查结果的几项主要统计数字 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914173158/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16768.htm |archive-date=2012-09-14 }}</ref> |21,068,019 | ||
|1982<ref name="census1982">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16769.htm |script-title=zh:中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九八二年人口普查主要数字的公报 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] | |1982<ref name="census1982">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16769.htm |script-title=zh:中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九八二年人口普查主要数字的公报 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510075429/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16769.htm |archive-date=2012-05-10 }}</ref> |33,184,827 | ||
|1990<ref name="census1990">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16772.htm |script-title=zh:中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九九〇年人口普查主要数据的公报 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] | |1990<ref name="census1990">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16772.htm |script-title=zh:中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九九〇年人口普查主要数据的公报 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619002216/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16772.htm |archive-date=2012-06-19 }}</ref> |37,710,281 | ||
|2000<ref name="census2000">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020331_15435.htm |script-title=zh:现将2000年第五次全国人口普查快速汇总的人口地区分布数据公布如下 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] | |2000<ref name="census2000">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020331_15435.htm |script-title=zh:现将2000年第五次全国人口普查快速汇总的人口地区分布数据公布如下 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829052024/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020331_15435.htm |archive-date=2012-08-29 }}</ref> |40,397,598 | ||
|2010<ref name="census2010">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110429_402722516.htm |title=Communiqué of the National Bureau of Statistics of People's Republic of China on Major Figures of the 2010 Population Census |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] | |2010<ref name="census2010">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110429_402722516.htm |title=Communiqué of the National Bureau of Statistics of People's Republic of China on Major Figures of the 2010 Population Census |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727021210/http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110429_402722516.htm |archive-date=2013-07-27 }}</ref> |44,567,475 | ||
}} | }} | ||
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|color3 = Honeydew | |color3 = Honeydew | ||
}} | }} | ||
The predominant religions in Jiangxi are [[Chinese folk religion]]s, [[Taoism|Taoist traditions]] and [[Chinese Buddhism]]. According to surveys conducted in 2007 and 2009, 24.05% of the population believes and is involved in [[Chinese ancestral religion|ancestor veneration]], while 2.31% of the population identifies as Christian.<ref name="Wang2015" />{{Update | The predominant religions in Jiangxi are [[Chinese folk religion]]s, [[Taoism|Taoist traditions]] and [[Chinese Buddhism]]. According to surveys conducted in 2007 and 2009, 24.05% of the population believes and is involved in [[Chinese ancestral religion|ancestor veneration]], while 2.31% of the population identifies as Christian.<ref name="Wang2015" />{{Update inline|date=December 2024}} | ||
The reports didn't give figures for other types of religion; 73.64% of the population may be either irreligious or involved in [[Chinese folk religion|worship of nature deities]], Buddhism, [[Confucianism]], Taoism, [[Chinese salvationist religions|folk religious sects]]. | The reports didn't give figures for other types of religion; 73.64% of the population may be either irreligious or involved in [[Chinese folk religion|worship of nature deities]], Buddhism, [[Confucianism]], Taoism, [[Chinese salvationist religions|folk religious sects]]. | ||
| Line 530: | Line 522: | ||
==Culture== | ==Culture== | ||
{{main|Culture of Jiangxi}} | {{main|Culture of Jiangxi}} | ||
Jiangxi is the main area of concentration of the [[Gan Chinese|Gan]] varieties of [[Chinese language|Chinese]], spoken over most of the northern two-thirds of the province. Examples include the [[Nanchang dialect]], [[Yichun dialect]] and [[Ji'an dialect]]. The southern one-third of the province speaks [[Hakka Chinese|Hakka]]. There are also [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]], [[Huizhou Chinese|Huizhou]], and [[Wu Chinese|Wu]] dialects spoken along the northern border.{{ | [[Image:Porcelain Workshop, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, China.jpg|thumb|Porcelain workshop in Jingdezhen]] | ||
Jiangxi is the main area of concentration of the [[Gan Chinese|Gan]] varieties of [[Chinese language|Chinese]], spoken over most of the northern two-thirds of the province. Examples include the [[Nanchang dialect]], [[Yichun dialect]] and [[Ji'an dialect]]. The southern one-third of the province speaks [[Hakka Chinese|Hakka]]. There are also [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]], [[Huizhou Chinese|Huizhou]], and [[Wu Chinese|Wu]] dialects spoken along the northern border.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} | |||
{{Ill|Gan opera|lt=Ganju|zh|赣剧}} ({{Lang-zh|c=赣剧|labels=no}}) is the type of [[Chinese opera]] performed in Jiangxi.{{ | {{Ill|Gan opera|lt=Ganju|zh|赣剧}} ({{Lang-zh|c=赣剧|labels=no}}) is the type of [[Chinese opera]] performed in Jiangxi.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} | ||
Although little known outside of the province, [[Jiangxi cuisine]] is rich and distinctive. Flavors are some of the strongest in China, with heavy use of [[chili pepper]]s and especially [[pickling|pickled]] and [[fermentation (food)|fermented]] products.{{ | Although little known outside of the province, [[Jiangxi cuisine]] is rich and distinctive. Flavors are some of the strongest in China, with heavy use of [[chili pepper]]s and especially [[pickling|pickled]] and [[fermentation (food)|fermented]] products.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} | ||
[[Jingdezhen]] is widely regarded as the producer of the best [[porcelain]] in China,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.caixinglobal.com/2017-09-15/jingdezhen-where-emperors-got-their-porcelain-101145647.html|title=Jingdezhen: Where Emperors Got Their Porcelain - Caixin Global|website=www.caixinglobal.com|language=en|access-date=2018-08-28}}</ref> it is known as the "porcelain capital" of China. | [[Jingdezhen]] is widely regarded as the producer of the best [[porcelain]] in China,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.caixinglobal.com/2017-09-15/jingdezhen-where-emperors-got-their-porcelain-101145647.html|title=Jingdezhen: Where Emperors Got Their Porcelain - Caixin Global|website=www.caixinglobal.com|language=en|access-date=2018-08-28}}</ref> it is known as the "porcelain capital" of China. | ||
Jiangxi also was a historical center of [[Chan Buddhism]].{{ | Jiangxi also was a historical center of [[Chan Buddhism]].{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} | ||
Prominent examples of [[Hakka architecture]] can be found in Jiangxi.{{ | Prominent examples of [[Hakka architecture]] can be found in Jiangxi.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} | ||
==Transportation== | ==Transportation== | ||
As of January 2015, Jiangxi had two [[Yangtze River bridges and tunnels|Yangtze River crossings]], both in Jiujiang.{{Update | As of January 2015, Jiangxi had two [[Yangtze River bridges and tunnels|Yangtze River crossings]], both in Jiujiang.{{Update inline|date=December 2024}} | ||
===Rail=== | ===Rail=== | ||
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*{{flagdeco|DEU}} [[Hesse]], Germany | *{{flagdeco|DEU}} [[Hesse]], Germany | ||
*{{flagdeco|US}} [[Kentucky]], United States | *{{flagdeco|US}} [[Kentucky]], United States | ||
*{{flagdeco|BRA}} [[Mato Grosso do Sul]], Brazil<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.noticias.ms.gov.br/index.php?templat=vis&site=136&id_comp=1068&id_reg=85352&voltar=home&site_reg=136&id_comp_orig=1068 |title=:: Notícias MS |publisher=Noticias.ms.gov.br |date=2009-10-23 |access-date=2012-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120228221504/http://www.noticias.ms.gov.br/index.php?templat=vis&site=136&id_comp=1068&id_reg=85352&voltar=home&site_reg=136&id_comp_orig=1068 |archive-date=2012-02-28 | *{{flagdeco|BRA}} [[Mato Grosso do Sul]], Brazil<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.noticias.ms.gov.br/index.php?templat=vis&site=136&id_comp=1068&id_reg=85352&voltar=home&site_reg=136&id_comp_orig=1068 |title=:: Notícias MS |publisher=Noticias.ms.gov.br |date=2009-10-23 |access-date=2012-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120228221504/http://www.noticias.ms.gov.br/index.php?templat=vis&site=136&id_comp=1068&id_reg=85352&voltar=home&site_reg=136&id_comp_orig=1068 |archive-date=2012-02-28 }}</ref> | ||
*{{flagdeco|MYS}} [[Sabah]], Malaysia<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2019/04/21/sabah-and-china-jiangxi-look-to-become-sister-provinces-says-shafie/|title=Sabah and China's Jiangxi look to become 'sister provinces', says Shafie|author=Muguntan Vanar|work=The Star|date=21 April 2019|access-date=20 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theborneopost.com/2019/04/22/sabah-jiangxi-sign-friendship-pact/|title=Sabah, Jiangxi sign friendship pact|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=22 April 2019|access-date=20 May 2019}}</ref> | *{{flagdeco|MYS}} [[Sabah]], Malaysia<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2019/04/21/sabah-and-china-jiangxi-look-to-become-sister-provinces-says-shafie/|title=Sabah and China's Jiangxi look to become 'sister provinces', says Shafie|author=Muguntan Vanar|work=The Star|date=21 April 2019|access-date=20 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theborneopost.com/2019/04/22/sabah-jiangxi-sign-friendship-pact/|title=Sabah, Jiangxi sign friendship pact|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=22 April 2019|access-date=20 May 2019}}</ref> | ||
* {{flagicon|CAM}} [[Siem Reap province|Siem Reap]], Cambodia | * {{flagicon|CAM}} [[Siem Reap province|Siem Reap]], Cambodia | ||
| Line 642: | Line 634: | ||
{{Jiangxi}} | {{Jiangxi}} | ||
{{Province-level divisions of the People's Republic of China}} | {{Province-level divisions of the People's Republic of China}} | ||
{{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||
[[Category:Jiangxi| ]] | [[Category:Jiangxi| ]] | ||
[[Category:Provinces | [[Category:Provinces of China]] | ||
[[Category:East China]] | [[Category:East China]] | ||
Latest revision as of 20:55, 8 November 2025
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Other uses". Template:Use dmy dates Template:Main otherScript error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Check for clobbered parameters".Template:Main other Script error: No such module "infobox". JiangxiTemplate:Efn is an inland province in east China. Spanning from the banks of the Yangtze river in the north into hillier areas in the south and east, it borders Anhui to the north, Zhejiang to the northeast, Fujian to the east, Guangdong to the south, Hunan to the west, and Hubei to the northwest. Major cities include its capital Nanchang, Ganzhou, and Jiujiang.
After the 1911 Revolution ended the Qing dynasty, Jiangxi became one of the earliest bases for the Chinese Communist Party. The Nanchang uprising took place in Jiangxi on 1 August 1927, beginning the Chinese Civil War. In 1931, the Chinese Soviet Republic's government was established in Ruijin, which is sometimes called the "Former Red Capital".Template:Efn
The southern half of Jiangxi is hilly and mountainous, with ranges and valleys interspersed; notable mountains and mountain ranges include Mount Lu, the Jinggang Mountains and Mount Sanqing. The northern half is comparatively lower in altitude. The Gan River flows through the province.
Although the majority of Jiangxi's population is Han Chinese, Jiangxi is linguistically diverse. It is considered the center of Gan Chinese; Hakka Chinese is also spoken to some degree. Jiangxi is rich in mineral resources, leading the provinces of China in deposits of copper, tungsten, gold, silver, uranium, thorium, tantalum, niobium and lithium.[1]
History
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Jiangxi is centered on the Gan River valley, which historically provided the main north–south transport route of south China. The corridor along the Gan River is one of the few easily traveled routes through the otherwise mountainous and rugged terrain of the south-eastern mountains. This open corridor was the primary route for trade and communication between the North China Plain and the Yangtze River valley in the north and the territory of modern Guangdong province in the south. As a result, Jiangxi has been strategically important throughout much of China's history.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Jiangxi was outside the sphere of influence of early Chinese civilization during the Shang dynasty (16th to 11th centuries BC). It is likely that peoples collectively known as the Baiyue inhabited the region. During the Spring and Autumn period, the northern part of modern Jiangxi formed the western frontier of the state of Wu. After Wu was conquered by the state of Yue (a power based in modern northern Zhejiang) in 473 BC, the state of Chu (based in modern Hubei) took over northern Jiangxi and there may have been some Yue influence in the south. Chu subjugated Yue in 333 BC. In 223 BC, when Qin conquered Chu, a majority of the Jiangxi area was recorded to be put under Jiujiang Commandery situated in Shouchun (Script error: No such module "Lang".).[2] However the commandery was ineffective and ended shortly when Qin falls.
Yuzhang Commandery (Script error: No such module "Lang"., Gan: Ì-zong) was established in Jiangxi at the beginning of the Han dynasty, possibly before the death of Xiang Yu in 202 BC, and it was also the first commandery set up by Chinese dynasty in Jiangxi. It was named after the Yuzhang River (Script error: No such module "Lang"., Gan: Ì-zong Kong), the original name of Gan River. "Gan" has become the abbreviation of the province. In 201, eight counties were added to the original seven of Qin,Script error: No such module "Unsubst". and three more were established in later years. Throughout most of the Han dynasty the commandery's eighteen counties covered most of the modern province of Jiangxi. The county seats of Nanchang, Gan, Yudu, Luling among others were located at the sites of modern major cities. Other counties, however, have been moved or abolished in later centuries.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Under the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han dynasty, Yuzhang Commandery was assigned to Yangzhou Province, as part of a trend to establish provinces (zhou) all across China. In 291 AD, during the Western Jin dynasty, Jiangxi became its own Zhou called Jiangzhou (Script error: No such module "Lang"., Gan: Kong-chiu). During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Jiangxi was under the control of the southern dynasties, and the number of zhou slowly grew.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
During the Sui dynasty, there were seven commanderies and twenty-four counties in Jiangxi. During the Tang dynasty, another commandery and fourteen counties were added. Commanderies were then abolished, becoming zhou (henceforth translated as "prefectures" rather than "provinces").Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Circuits were established during the Tang dynasty as a new top-level administrative division. At first Jiangxi was part of the Jiangnan Circuit (lit. "Circuit south of the Yangtze"). In 733, this circuit was divided into western and eastern halves. Jiangxi was found in the western half, which was called Jiangnanxi Circuit (lit. "Western circuits south of the Yangtze"). This is the source of the modern name "Jiangxi".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
The Tang dynasty collapsed in 907, heralding the division of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Jiangxi first belonged to Wu (Script error: No such module "Lang"., Gan: Ng), then to Southern Tang (Script error: No such module "Lang"., Gan: Nām-thóng). Both states were based in modern-day Nanjing, further down the Yangtze River.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
During the Song dynasty, Jiangnanxi Circuit was reestablished with nine prefectures and four army districts (with sixty-eight districts).Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
During the Yuan dynasty, the circuit was divided into thirteen different circuits, and Jiangxi Province was established for the first time. This province also included the majority of modern Guangdong. Jiangxi acquired (more or less) its modern borders during the Ming dynasty after Guangdong was separated out. There has been little change to the borders of Jiangxi since.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
After the fall of the Qing dynasty, Jiangxi became one of the earliest bases for the Communists and many peasants were recruited to join the growing people's revolution. The Nanchang Uprising took place in Jiangxi on 1 August 1927, during the Chinese Civil War. Later the Communist leadership hid in the mountains of southern and western Jiangxi, hiding from the Kuomintang's attempts to eradicate them. In 1931, the Chinese Soviet Republic's government was established in Ruijin, which is sometimes called the "Former Red Capital" (Script error: No such module "Lang"., Gan: Fūng-set Kū-tu), or just the "Red Capital". In 1935, after complete encirclement by the Nationalist forces, the Communists broke through and began the Long March to Yan'an.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
From 1930 to 1934, the National Government carried out five military campaigns against the Jiangxi Soviet area. Its brutal two-party battles and cleansing (including the internal cleansing of the Red Army and the cleaning of the post-war government) caused a large number of deaths or escapes, causing the population of Jiangxi to drop by 40%, until only 13.8 million people were left in 1936.[3]
In 1936, after the opening of the Yuehan Railway in Hunan, Jiangxi lost its important position regarding north–south traffic. In 1937, the east-west Zhegan Railway was opened to traffic, which changed the original traffic patterns in Jiangxi to a large extent. The Jiujiang Port (Script error: No such module "Lang".) began to decline in importance.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Following the Doolittle Raid during World War II, most of the B-25 American crews that came down in China eventually made it to safety with the help of Chinese civilians and soldiers. The Chinese people who helped them, however, paid dearly for sheltering the Americans. The Imperial Japanese Army began the Zhejiang-Jiangxi Campaign to intimidate the Chinese from helping downed American airmen. The Japanese killed an estimated 250,000 civilians of China while searching for Doolittle's men.[4]
Jiangxi came under the full control of the CCP upon the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949. The Republican provincial government was evacuated to Taichung in Taiwan Province before dissolving itself that same year.[5]
Geography
Mountains surround Jiangxi on three sides, with the Mufu Mountains, Jiuling Mountains, and Luoxiao Mountains on the west; Huaiyu Mountains and Wuyi Mountains on the east; and the Template:Ill (Script error: No such module "Lang".) and Dayu Mountains in the south. The southern half of the province is hilly with ranges and valleys interspersed; while the northern half is flatter and lower in altitude. The highest point in Jiangxi is Mount Huanggang (Script error: No such module "Lang".) in the Wuyi Mountains, on the border with Fujian. It has an altitude of Template:Convert.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
The Gan River dominates the province, flowing through the entire length of the province from south to north. It enters Lake Poyang in the north, the largest freshwater lake of China; that lake in turn empties into the Yangtze River, which forms part of the northern border of Jiangxi. Important reservoirs include the Zhelin Reservoir in the northwest of the province on the Xiushui River, and the Template:Ill in the upper section of the Gan.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Jiangxi has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa under the Köppen climate classification), with short, cool, damp winters, and very hot, humid summers. Average temperatures are about Template:Convert in January and Template:Convert in July. Annual precipitation is Template:Convert, much of it falling in the heavy rains occurring in late spring and summer.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Nanchang, the provincial capital and the most densely populated city, is one of the largest Chinese metropolises. Nanchang is the hub of Jiangxi civilization throughout its history, which plays a leading role in the commercial, intellectual and industrial and political fields.[6] Ganzhou is the largest subdivision of Jiangxi.
Administrative divisions
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Jiangxi is divided into eleven prefecture-level divisions: all prefecture-level cities:
| Administrative divisions of Jiangxi | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Division code[7] | Division | Area in km2[8] | Population 2020[9] | Seat | Divisions[10] | |||
| Districts | Counties | CL cities | ||||||
| 360000 | Jiangxi Province | 166,900.00 | 45,188,635 | Nanchang city | 27 | 61 | 12 | |
| 360100 | Nanchang city | 7,432.18 | 6,255,007 | Donghu District | 6 | 3 | ||
| 360200 | Jingdezhen city | 5,256.23 | 1,618,979 | Changjiang District | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
| 360300 | Pingxiang city | 3,823.99 | 1,804,805 | Anyuan District | 2 | 3 | ||
| 360400 | Jiujiang city | 18,796.79 | 4,600,276 | Xunyang District | 3 | 7 | 3 | |
| 360500 | Xinyu city | 3,177.68 | 1,202,499 | Yushui District | 1 | 1 | ||
| 360600 | Yingtan city | 3,556.74 | 1,154,223 | Yuehu District | 2 | 1 | ||
| 360700 | Ganzhou city | 39,317.14 | 8,970,014 | Zhanggong District | 3 | 13 | 2 | |
| 360800 | Ji'an city | 25,283.80 | 4,469,176 | Jizhou District | 2 | 10 | 1 | |
| 360900 | Yichun city | 18,637.67 | 5,007,702 | Yuanzhou District | 1 | 6 | 3 | |
| 361000 | Fuzhou city | 18,811.12 | 3,614,866 | Linchuan District | 2 | 9 | ||
| 361100 | Shangrao city | 22,826.04 | 6,491,088 | Xinzhou District | 3 | 8 | 1 | |
| Administrative divisions in Chinese and varieties of romanizations | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | Chinese | Pinyin | Gan Romanization | |
| Jiangxi Province | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Template:Transliteration | Template:Transliteration | |
| Nanchang city | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Template:Transliteration | Template:Transliteration | |
| Jingdezhen city | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Template:Transliteration | Template:Transliteration | |
| Pingxiang city | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Template:Transliteration | Template:Transliteration | |
| Jiujiang city | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Template:Transliteration | Template:Transliteration | |
| Xinyu city | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Template:Transliteration | Template:Transliteration | |
| Yingtan city | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Template:Transliteration | Template:Transliteration | |
| Ganzhou city | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Template:Transliteration | Template:Transliteration | |
| Ji'an city | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Template:Transliteration | Template:Transliteration | |
| Yichun city | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Template:Transliteration | Template:Transliteration | |
| Fuzhou city | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Template:Transliteration | Template:Transliteration | |
| Shangrao city | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Template:Transliteration | Template:Transliteration | |
These prefecture-level cities are in turn subdivided into 100 county-level divisions (27 districts, 12 county-level cities, and 61 counties). Those in turn are divided into 1566 township-level divisions (830 towns, 560 townships, 8 ethnic townships, and 168 subdistricts).
See List of administrative divisions of Jiangxi for a complete list of county-level divisions.
Urban areas
| Population by urban areas of prefecture & county cities | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | City | Urban area[11] | District area[11] | City proper[11] | Census date |
| 1 | NanchangTemplate:Efn | 2,223,661 | 2,357,839 | 5,042,566 | 2010-11-01 |
| (1) | Nanchang (new district)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Efn | 390,719 | 795,412 | see NanchangScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 2010-11-01 |
| 2 | Pingxiang | 716,229 | 893,550 | 1,854,515 | 2010-11-01 |
| 3 | JiujiangTemplate:Efn | 611,321 | 704,986 | 4,728,778 | 2010-11-01 |
| (3) | Jiujiang (new district)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Efn | 93,035 | 159,909 | see JiujiangScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 2010-11-01 |
| 4 | GanzhouTemplate:Efn | 605,231 | 642,653 | 8,368,447 | 2010-11-01 |
| (4) | Ganzhou (new districts)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Efn | 430,680 | 1,334,600 | see GanzhouScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 2010-11-01 |
| 5 | Xinyu | 567,820 | 839,488 | 1,138,874 | 2010-11-01 |
| 6 | FuzhouTemplate:Efn | 482,940 | 1,089,888 | 3,912,307 | 2010-11-01 |
| (6) | Fuzhou (new district)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Efn | 169,404 | 438,319 | see FuzhouScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 2010-11-01 |
| 7 | Yichun | 461,817 | 1,045,952 | 5,419,591 | 2010-11-01 |
| 8 | Jingdezhen | 430,084 | 473,561 | 1,587,477 | 2010-11-01 |
| 9 | Fengcheng | 379,914 | 1,336,392 | see YichunScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 2010-11-01 |
| 10 | Ji'an | 328,318 | 538,699 | 4,810,339 | 2010-11-01 |
| 11 | ShangraoTemplate:Efn | 298,975 | 416,219 | 6,579,747 | 2010-11-01 |
| (11) | Shangrao (new district)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Efn | 392,302 | 752,953 | see ShangraoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 2010-11-01 |
| 12 | Gao'an | 295,507 | 811,633 | see YichunScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 2010-11-01 |
| 13 | Leping | 286,351 | 810,353 | see JingdezhenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 2010-11-01 |
| 14 | Ruijin | 216,229 | 618,885 | see GanzhouScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 2010-11-01 |
| 15 | Guixi | 210,319 | 558,451 | see YingtanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 2010-11-01 |
| 16 | YingtanTemplate:Efn | 191,893 | 214,229 | 1,125,156 | 2010-11-01 |
| (16) | Yingtan (new district)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Efn | 131,470 | 352,476 | see YingtanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 2010-11-01 |
| 17 | Zhangshu | 188,586 | 555,120 | see YichunScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 2010-11-01 |
| 18 | Ruichang | 150,531 | 419,047 | see JiujiangScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 2010-11-01 |
| 19 | Dexing | 148,565 | 293,201 | see ShangraoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 2010-11-01 |
| (20) | GongqingchengTemplate:Efn | 118,986 | 118,986 | see JiujiangScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 2010-11-01 |
| (21) | LushanTemplate:Efn | 101,630 | 245,526 | see JiujiangScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 2010-11-01 |
| 22 | Jinggangshan | 86,673 | 152,310 | see Ji'anScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 2010-11-01 |
Template:Notelist Template:Largest cities
Politics
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The politics of Jiangxi is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China.
The Governor of Jiangxi is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Jiangxi. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor has less power than the Jiangxi Chinese Communist Party Provincial Committee Secretary, colloquially termed the "Jiangxi CCP Party Chief".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Economy
Jiangxi was a major recipient of China's investment in industrial capacity during the Third Front campaign.[12]Template:Rp
Rice is the dominant crop in Jiangxi. Cash crops commonly grown include cotton and rapeseed. Jiangxi is the leading producer of kumquats in China, particularly in Suichuan County.[13]
Mining-related industries are a major part of Jiangxi's economy.[14]Template:RpJiangxi is rich in mineral resources, leading the provinces of China in deposits of copper, tungsten, gold, silver, uranium, thorium, tantalum, niobium, among others. Noted centers of mining include Dexing (copper) and Dayu County (tungsten).Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
It is located in extreme proximity to some of the richest provinces of China (Guangdong, Zhejiang, Fujian), which are sometimes blamed for taking away talent and capital from Jiangxi.[15]
Jiangxi has the lowest wages and third lowest property prices in all of China.[15]Template:Update inline As of 2016 Jiangxi's nominal GDP was CNY 1.84 trillion or US$276.48 billion, and a per capita of CNY 40,400 or US$6,082.[16]Template:Update inline
| Historical GDP of Jiangxi Province for 1978 –present (SNA2008)[16] (purchasing power parity of Chinese Yuan, as Int'l. dollar based on IMF WEO October 2017[17]) | |||||||||
| year | GDP | GDP per capita (GDPpc) based on mid-year population |
Reference index | ||||||
| GDP in millions | real growth (%) |
GDPpc | exchange rate 1 foreign currency to CNY | ||||||
| CNY | USD | PPP (Int'l$.) |
CNY | USD | PPP (Int'l$.) |
USD 1 | Int'l$. 1 (PPP) | ||
| 2016 | 1,836,440 | 276,477 | 524,562 | 9.0 | 40,400 | 6082 | 11,540 | 6.6423 | 3.5009 |
| 2015 | 1,672,378 | 268,508 | 471,159 | 9.1 | 36,968 | 5935 | 10,415 | 6.2284 | 3.5495 |
| 2014 | 1,571,463 | 255,822 | 442,616 | 9.7 | 34,890 | 5680 | 9,827 | 6.1428 | 3.5504 |
| 2013 | 1,441,019 | 232,678 | 402,868 | 10.1 | 32,122 | 5187 | 8,980 | 6.1932 | 3.5769 |
| 2012 | 1,294,888 | 205,131 | 364,675 | 11.0 | 28,967 | 4589 | 8,158 | 6.3125 | 3.5508 |
| 2011 | 1,170,282 | 181,192 | 333,842 | 12.4 | 26,292 | 4071 | 7,500 | 6.4588 | 3.5055 |
| 2010 | 945,126 | 139,615 | 285,485 | 14.0 | 21,368 | 3156 | 6,454 | 6.7695 | 3.3106 |
| 2009 | 765,518 | 112,065 | 242,444 | 13.2 | 17,437 | 2553 | 5,522 | 6.8310 | 3.1575 |
| 2008 | 697,105 | 100,374 | 219,436 | 13.3 | 15,986 | 2302 | 5,032 | 6.9451 | 3.1768 |
| 2007 | 580,025 | 76,279 | 192,386 | 13.2 | 13,389 | 1761 | 4,441 | 7.6040 | 3.0149 |
| 2006 | 482,053 | 60,470 | 167,513 | 12.3 | 11,197 | 1405 | 3,891 | 7.9718 | 2.8777 |
| 2005 | 405,676 | 49,523 | 141,894 | 12.9 | 9,478 | 1157 | 3,315 | 8.1917 | 2.8590 |
| 2000 | 200,307 | 24,196 | 73,661 | 8.0 | 4851 | 586 | 1,784 | 8.2784 | 2.7193 |
| 1995 | 116,973 | 14,007 | 42,857 | 6.8 | 2896 | 347 | 1,061 | 8.3510 | 2.7294 |
| 1990 | 42,862 | 8,961 | 25,174 | 4.5 | 1134 | 237 | 666 | 4.7832 | 1.7026 |
| 1985 | 20,789 | 7,079 | 14,831 | 14.8 | 597 | 203 | 426 | 2.9366 | 1.4017 |
| 1980 | 11,115 | 7,418 | 7,432 | 4.2 | 342 | 228 | 229 | 1.4984 | 1.4955 |
| 1978 | 8,700 | 5,595 | 13.3 | 276 | 177 | 1.5550 | |||
Economic and technological development zones
- Nanchang Export Processing Zone
Nanchang National Export Expressing Zone is located in Nanchang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone, it was approved by the State Council on May 8, 2006, and passed the national acceptance inspection on Sep 7th, 2007. It has a planning area of Template:Convert and now has built Template:Convert. It enjoys simple and convenient customs clearances, and special preferential policies both for Nanchang National Export Expressing Zone and NCHDZ.[18]
- Nanchang National High-tech Industrial Development Zone
Nanchang National High-tech Industrial Development Zone (NCHDZ for short hereafter) is the only national grade high-tech zoned in Jiangxi, it was established in Mar. 1991. The zone covers an area of Template:Convert, in which Template:Convert have been completed. NCHDZ possesses unique nature condition and sound industry foundation of accepting electronics industry. NCHDZ has brought 25% industrial added value and 50% industrial benefit and tax to Nanchang city by using only 0.4% land area.[19]
- Nanchang Economic and Technological Development Zone[20]
- Jiujiang Free Trade (Tariff-free) Zone[21]
- Jiujiang National Economical and Technological Development Zone[22]
- Jiujiang Gongqingcheng National High-tech Industrial Development Zone[23]
Demographics
The population of Jiangxi according 2020 Chinese census is 45.18 million.[24] 99.73% of that is Han Chinese, predominantly Gan and Hakka. Ganzhou, Jiangxi's largest city, has an especially large number of Hakka. Ethnic minorities include the She people.
Jiangxi and Henan both have the most unbalanced gender ratios of all Chinese provinces. Based on a 2009 British Medical Journal study, the ratio is over 140 boys for every 100 girls in the 1–4 age group.[25]Template:Update inline Template:Historical populations
In 2019 the most-common surname in Jiangxi was Liú (刘), the only province where this was the case. Overall Liu is the fourth-most common surname in the country.[26]
Religion
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".
Template:Pie chart The predominant religions in Jiangxi are Chinese folk religions, Taoist traditions and Chinese Buddhism. According to surveys conducted in 2007 and 2009, 24.05% of the population believes and is involved in ancestor veneration, while 2.31% of the population identifies as Christian.[27]Template:Update inline
The reports didn't give figures for other types of religion; 73.64% of the population may be either irreligious or involved in worship of nature deities, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, folk religious sects.
|
Culture
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".
Jiangxi is the main area of concentration of the Gan varieties of Chinese, spoken over most of the northern two-thirds of the province. Examples include the Nanchang dialect, Yichun dialect and Ji'an dialect. The southern one-third of the province speaks Hakka. There are also Mandarin, Huizhou, and Wu dialects spoken along the northern border.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Template:Ill (Template:Lang-zh) is the type of Chinese opera performed in Jiangxi.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Although little known outside of the province, Jiangxi cuisine is rich and distinctive. Flavors are some of the strongest in China, with heavy use of chili peppers and especially pickled and fermented products.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Jingdezhen is widely regarded as the producer of the best porcelain in China,[28] it is known as the "porcelain capital" of China.
Jiangxi also was a historical center of Chan Buddhism.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Prominent examples of Hakka architecture can be found in Jiangxi.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Transportation
As of January 2015, Jiangxi had two Yangtze River crossings, both in Jiujiang.Template:Update inline
Rail
The Beijing–Kowloon Railway and Shanghai–Kunming Railway crisscross the province and intersect at Nanchang, which also has a high-speed rail link to Jiujiang. In addition, Jiangxi is connected by rail to Anhui Province via the Anhui–Jiangxi and Tongling–Jiujiang Railways; to Hubei via the Wuhan–Jiujiang Railway; and to Fujian via the Yingtan–Xiamen, Hengfeng–Nanping, Ganzhou–Longyan and Xiangtang–Putian Railways.
Tourism
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There are several famous mountains in Jiangxi Province, including Mount Lu in Jiujiang, Jinggang Mountains at the border of Jiangxi and Hunan, and Mount Sanqing in Yushan county.
Near the northern port city of Jiujiang lies the well-known resort area of Mount Lu. Also near the city is the Donglin Temple, an important Buddhist temple in china.
Near the small city of Yingtan is the resort area of Longhushan, which purports to be the birthplace of Taoism and hence has great symbolic value to Taoists. The region has many temples, cave complexes, mountains and villages.
The Mount Lu National Park has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1996.
Kuling located on the top of Mount Lu is a summer resort developed by European in the 19th century. There were 3000 European living in Kuling, Lushan and Jiujiang in summer time in 1920s.
In 2007, Jiangxi (specifically the Zhelin Reservoir, located in Jiujiang) was the filming location for the fifteenth series of the American TV show Survivor.
Flora and fauna
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Other wildlife, though not plentiful, are more numerous in Jiangxi than in many other developed areas of China. Numerous species of birds are common, especially around the marshes of Lake Poyang in the north. Though protected, mammals such as muntjac, wild boar, civet cats, and pangolins, are still common enough that they'll even occasionally be seen in markets for sale as game meat, or possibly even in a forest.
The late Paleocene mesonychid, Jiangxia chaotoensis was found in the province, and named after it.
Education
Colleges and universities
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List of colleges and universities in Jiangxi:
- University of Jiujiang
- Jiangxi College of Foreign Studies
- East China University of Technology
- East China Jiaotong University
- Jiangxi Agricultural University
- Jiangxi Institute of Education
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics
- Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute
- Jinggangshan University
- Nanchang Institute of Technology
- Nanchang Hangkong University
- Nanchang University
- Xinyu University
- Yichun University
Sister provinces
- Template:Flagdeco Lapland, Finland
- Template:Flagdeco Bay of Plenty Region, New Zealand
- Template:Flagdeco Okayama Prefecture, Japan
- Template:Flagdeco Bohol, Philippines
- Template:Flagdeco Hesse, Germany
- Template:Flagdeco Kentucky, United States
- Template:Flagdeco Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil[29]
- Template:Flagdeco Sabah, Malaysia[30][31]
- Template:Flagicon Siem Reap, Cambodia
See also
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Notes
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References
External links
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- Template:Wikivoyage inline
- Template:In lang Jiangxi Government website Template:Webarchive
- "Map of Jiangxi Province with Explanations" from 1573 CE - 1620 CE
- Economic profile for Jiangxi at HKTDC
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- ↑ http://218.65.88.149:8080/was40/detail?record=1&primarykeyvalue=%E9%A2%98%E5%90%8D%3D%E8%B1%AB%E7%AB%A0%E6%95%85%E9%83%A1&channelid=7274Template:Dead link
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- ↑ a b Historical GDP of Jiangxi Province published on Jiangxi Statistical Yearbook 2017, ALSO see Jiangxi GDP Revision (Chinese) Template:Webarchive
- ↑ Purchasing power parity (PPP) for Chinese yuan is estimate according to IMF WEO (October 2017) data; Exchange rate of CN¥ to US$ is according to State Administration of Foreign Exchange, published on China Statistical Yearbook.
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