Lynn, Massachusetts

Lynn is the eighth-largest municipality in Massachusetts, United States, and the largest city in Essex County. Situated on the Atlantic Ocean, north of the Boston city line at Suffolk Downs, Lynn is part of Greater Boston's urban inner core and is a major economic and cultural center of the North Shore.

Settled by Europeans in 1629, Lynn is the 5th oldest colonial settlement in the Commonwealth. An early industrial center, Lynn was long colloquially referred to as the "City of Sin", owing to its historical reputation for crime and vice. Today, however, the city is known for its immigrant population, historic architecture, downtown cultural district, loft-style apartments, and public parks and open spaces, which include the oceanfront Lynn Shore Reservation; the 2,200-acre, Frederick Law Olmsted-designed Lynn Woods Reservation; and the High Rock Reservation and Park designed by Olmsted's sons. Lynn also is home to Lynn Heritage State Park, the southernmost portion of the Essex Coastal Scenic Byway, and the seaside, National Register-listed Diamond Historic District. The population was 101,253 at the 2020 United States census.

History

Indigenous

The area that is now known as Lynn was inhabited for thousands of years by Native Americans prior to English colonization in the 1600s. At the time of European contact, the area today known as Lynn was primarily inhabited by the Naumkeag people under the powerful sachem Nanepashemet who controlled territory from the Mystic to the Merrimack Rivers. Colonists would not establish a legal agreement with the Naumkeag over the use of their land in Lynn until 1686 after a smallpox epidemic in 1633, King Philip's War, and missionary efforts significantly reduced their numbers and confined them to the Praying Town of Natick.

17th century

English colonists settled Lynn not long after the 1607 establishment of Jamestown, Virginia and the 1620 arrival of the Mayflower at Plymouth. European settlement of the area was begun in 1629 by Edmund Ingalls, followed by John Tarbox of Lancashire in 1631. The area today encompassing Lynn was originally incorporated in 1629 as Saugus, the Massachusett name for the area. Three years after the settlement in Salem, five families moved onto Naumkeag lands in the interior of Lynn, then known as Saugus, and the Tomlin family constructed a large mill between today's Sluice and Flax Ponds. The mill not only supplied grains and sustenance for the settlers and trade with the Naumkeag people, but was used to create brews and many fermented casks of hops and wines to send back to King George in England.

Lynn takes its name from King's Lynn, Norfolk, England, in honor of Reverend Samuel Whiting (Senior), Lynn's first official minister who arrived from King's Lynn in 1637.

A noteworthy early Lynn colonist, Thomas Halsey, left Lynn to settle the East End of Long Island, where he and several others founded the Town of Southampton, New York. The resulting Halsey House—the oldest extant frame house in New York State (1648)—is now open to the public, under the aegis of the Southampton Colonial Society.

As English settlement pushed deeper into Naumkeag territories, disease, missionary efforts, and loss of access to seasonal hunting, farming, and fishing grounds caused significant disruption to Naumkeag lifeways. In 1675, Naumkeag sachem Wenepoykin joined Metacomet in resisting English colonization in King Philip's War, for which he was enslaved and sent to Barbados. In 1686, under pressure to demonstrate legal title for lands they occupied during the administrative restructuring of the Dominion of New England, the selectmen of Lynn and Reading purchased a deed from Wenopoykin's heirs Kunkshamooshaw and Quonopohit for 16 pounds of sterling silver, though by this time they and most surviving Naumkeag were residents of the Natick Praying Town.

Further European settlement of Lynn led to several independent towns being formed, with Reading created in 1644; Lynnfield in 1782; Saugus in 1815; Swampscott in 1852; and Nahant in 1853. The City of Lynn was incorporated on May 14, 1850.

Colonial Lynn was an early center of tannery and shoe-making, which began in 1635. The boots worn by Continental Army soldiers during the Revolutionary War were made in Lynn, and the shoe-making industry drove the city's growth into the early nineteenth century. This legacy is reflected in the city's seal, which features a colonial boot.

19th century

File:Lynn Historical Aerial.jpg

Aerial Illustration of Lynn, c. 1881

In 1816, a mail stage coach was operating through Lynn. By 1836, 23 stage coaches left the Lynn Hotel for Boston each day. The Eastern Railroad Line between Salem and East Boston opened on August 28, 1838. This was later merged with the Boston and Maine Railroad and called the Eastern Division. In 1847 telegraph wires passed through Lynn, but no telegraph service station was built until 1858.

File:Lynn Diamond Historic District Nahant St.jpg

Nahant Street in Diamond Historic District

During the middle of the nineteenth century, estates and beach cottages were constructed along Lynn's shoreline, and the city's Atlantic coastline became a fashionable summer resort. Many of the structures built during this period are today situated within the National Register-listed Diamond Historic District.

Further inland, industrial activity contemporaneously expanded in Lynn. Shoe manufacturers, led by Charles A. Coffin and Silas Abbott Barton, invested in the early electric industry, specifically in 1883 with Elihu Thomson, Edwin J. Houston, and their Thomson-Houston Electric Company. That company merged with Edison Electric Company of Schenectady, New York, forming General Electric in 1892, with the two original GE plants being in Lynn and Schenectady. Coffin served as the first president of General Electric.

Initially the General Electric plant specialized in arc lights, electric motors, and meters. Later it specialized in aircraft electrical systems and components, and aircraft engines were built in Lynn during WWII. That engine plant evolved into the current jet engine plant during WWII because of research contacts at MIT in Cambridge. Gerhard Neumann was a key player in jet engine group at GE in Lynn. The continuous interaction of material science research at MIT and the resulting improvements in jet engine efficiency and power have kept the jet engine plant in Lynn ever since.

File:Soldiers' Monument, Library and common, Lynn, Mass.jpg

Postcard depicting a soldier monument in Lynn, MA

One of the largest strikes of the early labor movement began in the shoe factories of Lynn on February 22, 1860, when Lynn shoemakers marched through the streets to their workplaces and handed in their tools, protesting reduced wages. Known as the 1860 New England Shoemakers Strike, it was one of the earliest strikes of its kind in the United States.

In 1841, abolitionist Frederick Douglass, moved to Lynn as a fugitive slave. Douglass wrote his first autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, while living in Lynn. The publication would become Douglass's best-known work. Douglass, his wife, and their five children lived in Lynn until 1848.

In 1870, Esther Hill Hawks, a renowned female physician, and activist during the American Civil War, moved to Lynn becoming one of the three first female physicians in Lynn, providing her gynecology services to many women. Later on in 1874, opening her own practice.

On February 1, 1866, Mary Baker Eddy experienced the "fall in Lynn", in which Eddy was badly injured but reportedly healed herself through prayer alone. This was a significant milestone in the development of the Christian Science religion.

In 1889 a massive fire swept through the downtown of Lynn, and would not be matched in size until nearly 100 years later. At the time the loss was the third largest from fire in New England history. A total of 296 building were destroyed, including 142 homes, 25 stores, the Central Square railroad depot, four banks and four newspaper buildings. It was estimated that 200 families were made homeless and 10,000 jobs were lost. Estimates put the total loss as high as Template:US$.

20th century

Lynn experienced a wave of immigration during the late 1800s and early 1900s. During the 30 years between 1885 and 1915, Lynn's immigrant population increased from 9,800 to 29,500, representing nearly one-third of the city's total population. Polish and Russian Jews were the largest single group, numbering more than 6,000. The first Jewish settlers in Lynn, a group of twenty Hasidic European families, mostly from Russia, formed the Congregation Anshai Sfard, a Hasidic Jewish synagogue in 1888.

Catholic churches catering to the needs of specific language and ethnic groups also testify to the waves of immigrants. St. Jean Baptiste parish, eventually including a grammar school and high school, was founded in 1886, primarily for French-Canadians. Holy Family Church conducted services in Italian beginning in 1922, and St. Michael's church also provided church services and a grammar school for the Polish-speaking community, beginning in 1906. St. Patrick's church and school was a focus of the Irish-American community in Lynn. St. George's Greek Orthodox Church was founded in Lynn in 1905. Later in the 20th century, the city became an important center of greater Boston's Latino community. Additionally, several thousand Cambodians settled in Lynn between 1975 and 1979 and in the early 1980s.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Lynn was the world-leader in the production of shoes. 234 factories produced more than a million pairs of shoes each day, thanks in part to mechanization of the process by an African-American immigrant named Jan Ernst Matzeliger. From 1924 until 1974, the Lynn Independent Industrial Shoemaking School operated in the city. However, production declined throughout the 20th century, and the last shoe factory closed in 1981.

In the early 1900s, the Metropolitan District Commission acquired several coastal properties in Lynn and Nahant, in order to create Lynn Shore and Nahant Beach Reservations, and to construct adjoining Lynn Shore Drive. When it opened to the public in 1910, Lynn Shore Drive catalyzed new development along Lynn's coastline, yielding many of the early 20th century structures that constitute a majority of the contributing resources found in the National Register-listed Diamond Historic District.

On January 20, 1942, a fire swept through the Melvin Hall Apartments on Spring Street, resulting in the deaths of 13 occupants.

In 1970, Massachusetts authorized rent control in municipalities with more than 50,000 residents. Voters in Lynn, Somerville, Brookline, and Cambridge subsequently adopted rent control.Template:R Voters in Lynn approved a measure to continue rent control measures, which had been in place since February 1972, on November 7, 1972, by a 22,229 to 15,568 margin. On June 4, 1974, the city council, led by mayor David L. Phillips, voted 7–4 in favor of abolishing the existing rent control measures, replacing them with a "Rent Grievance and Elderly Assistance Board."

During the late 1970s and early 1980s, Lynn suffered several large fires. On November 28, 1981, a devastating inferno engulfed several former shoe factories, located at Broad and Washington Streets. Seventeen downtown buildings were destroyed in less than twelve hours, with property losses estimated to be totaling at least Template:US$. At least 18 businesses were affected, resulting in the estimated loss of 1,500 jobs. The Lynn campus of the North Shore Community College, planning for which was already underway at the time of the fire, now occupies much of the burned area.

File:Lynn Washington St at Broad St.jpg

Lynn Washington Street at Broad Street

View over Lynn Shore Drive to Nahant and Boston

View over Lynn Shore Drive to Nahant and Boston

Some data suggest a reputation for crime and vice in Lynn.

In order to counter its reputation as "the city of sin", Lynn launched a "City Of Firsts" advertising campaign in the early 1990s, which promoted Lynn as having:

• First iron works (1643)
• First fire engine (1654)
• First electric streetcar to operate in Massachusetts (November 19, 1888)
• First American jet engine
• First woman in advertising & mass-marketing – Lydia Pinkham
• First baseball game under artificial light
• First dance academy in the U.S.
• First tannery in the U.S.
• First air mail transport in New England, from Saugus, MA to Lynn, MA
• First roast beef sandwich
• First tulip in the United States, at the Fay Estate near Spring Pond

In a further effort to rebrand the municipality, city solicitor Michael Barry proposed renaming the city Ocean Park in 1997, but the initiative was unsuccessful.

Despite losing much of its industrial base during the 20th century, Lynn remained home to many companies, such as:

• A division of General Electric Aviation, focused on manufacturing jet engines
• West Lynn Creamery (now part of Dean Foods's Garelick Farms unit)
• C. L. Hauthaway & Sons, a polymer producer
• Old Neighborhood Foods, a meat packer
• Lynn Manufacturing, a maker of combustion chambers for the oil and gas heating industry
• Sterling Machine Co.
• Durkee-Mower, makers of "Marshmallow Fluff"

21st century

In the early 2000s, the renovation and adaptive re-use of downtown historic structures, together with new construction, launched a revitalization of Lynn, which remains ongoing. Arts, culture, and entertainment have been at the forefront of this revitalization, with new arts organizations, cultural venues, public art projects, and restaurants emerging in the downtown area. In 2012, the Massachusetts Cultural Council named downtown Lynn one of the first state-recognized arts and culture districts in Massachusetts.

In 2015, Massachusetts Governor Charlie Baker established a task force, composed of representatives of multiple state and municipal public agencies, to further Lynn's revitalization.

File:Lynn Flatiron Building Under Renovation.jpg

Lynn "Flatiron" Building Undergoing Conversion to Loft Apartments, November 2016

File:Lynn Public Library.JPG

Public Library

File:Lynn17.JPG

High Rock Tower Reservation

Formerly vacant industrial buildings continue to be converted into loft spaces, and historic homes, particularly Lynn's Diamond Historic District, are being restored. In 2016, several large land parcels in Lynn were acquired by major developers. In November 2018, construction began on downtown Lynn's first luxury midrise—a 259-unit, 10-story building on Monroe Street. in December 2019, ground was broken on a 331-unit waterfront development on Carroll Parkway. Many of the recent and pending large real estate projects in Lynn are Transit-oriented developments, sited within a half-mile of Lynn station, which provides 20-minute train service to North Station.

Lynn's revitalization has been bolstered by the city's emergence as a center of creative placemaking.

In 2017, swaths of the city's downtown were transformed by a series of large-scale murals, painted on buildings by local, national, and international artists, as part of the city's inaugural Beyond Walls festival. Light-based interventions, including projections onto High Rock Tower, the installation of vintage neon signs on downtown buildings, and large-scale LED-illuminations of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority rail underpasses bisecting Lynn's Downtown, also have been deployed. In 2017, Mount Vernon Street, in the core of the downtown Central Square area, began to host block parties, food trucks, and other special events.

In recent years, Lynn has attracted a substantial and growing LGBT population.

In April 2018, The Boston Globe named Lynn one of the "Top spots to live in Greater Boston in 2018."

On August 18, 2021, the new Frederick Douglass Park on Exchange Street was dedicated, directly across the street from the site of the Central Square railroad depot where Douglass was forcibly removed from the train in 1841. The park features a bronze bas-relief sculpture of Douglass. The park had been in the works since at least 2019 when a bill was filed in the Massachusetts Senate to designate the park area and its management by the Massachusetts DCR.

On September 16, 2021, Mayor McGee introduced Vision Lynn, a 20-year comprehensive planning project to expand Lynn's diversity and improve infrastructure further. In the following year and a half, Lynn's Planning Department held many opportunities for Lynners to discuss what they see for the future of the city. On April 10, 2023, a draft of the plan was shared on the planning departments website to allow for greater public comment. After May 15, 2023, the public comment window will be closed and the committee will release a final draft to be endorsed and adopted by the city.

Top employers

#	Employer	# of employees
1	GE Aerospace	2,500
2	Lynn Public Schools	1,243
3	North Shore Community College	991
4	All Care VNA	630
5	Eastern Bank	500
6	Kettle Cuisine	500

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and (19.87%) is water. Lynn is located beside Massachusetts Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. Lynn's shoreline is divided in half by the town of Nahant, which divides Lynn Harbor to the south from Nahant Bay to the north. The city lies north of the Saugus River, and is also home to several brooks, as well as several ponds, the largest being Breed's Pond and Walden Pond (which has no relation to a similarly named pond in Concord). More than one-quarter of the town's land is covered by the Lynn Woods Reservation, which takes up much of the land in the northwestern part of the city. The city is also home to two beaches, Lynn Beach and King's Beach, both of which lie along Nahant Bay, as well as a boat ramp in Lynn Harbor.

Lynn is located in the southern part of Essex County and is northeast of Boston and west-southwest of Cape Ann. The city is bordered by Nahant to the southeast, Swampscott to the east, Salem to the northeast, Peabody to the north, Lynnfield to the northwest, Saugus to the west and Revere (in Suffolk County) to the south. Lynn's water rights extend into Nahant Bay and share Lynn Harbor with Nahant. There is no land connection to Revere; the only connection is the General Edwards Bridge across the Pines River. Besides its downtown district, Lynn is also divided into East Lynn and West Lynn, which are further divided into even smaller areas.

Lynn is loosely segmented into the following neighborhoods:

Central:

• Downtown / Business District
• Central Square

West Lynn:

• Pine Hill
• McDonough Sq./ Barry Park
• Tower Hill / Austin Sq. – Saugus River
• The Commons
• The Brickyard
• Walnut St./Lynnhurst
• Veteran's Village

East Lynn:

• Diamond District / Lynn Shore
• Wyoma Sq.
• The Highlands
• The Fay Estates
• Ward 1 / Lynnfield St.
• Goldfish Pond
• The Meadow / Keaney Park

Climate

Lynn experiences cold, snowy winters and warm, humid summers. The climate is similar to that of Boston.

According to the Köppen climate classification, Lynn has either a hot-summer humid continental climate (abbreviated Dfa), or a hot-summer humid sub-tropical climate (abbreviated Cfa), depending on the isotherm used.

Demographics

File:Race and ethnicity 2020 Lynn, MA.png

Map of racial distribution in Lynn, 2020 U.S. census. Each dot is one person: Template:Legend inline Template:Legend inline Template:Legend inline Template:Legend inline Template:Legend inline Template:Legend inline

2020 census

Lynn, Massachusetts – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.

Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic)	Pop 2000	Pop 2010	Pop 2020	% 2000	% 2010	% 2020
White alone (NH)	55,630	42,969	34,536	62.47%	47.57%	34.11%
Black or African American alone (NH)	8,165	9,494	10,735	9.17%	10.51%	10.60%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)	168	178	115	0.19%	0.20%	0.11%
Asian alone (NH)	5,686	6,210	6,822	6.39%	6.87%	6.74%
Pacific Islander alone (NH)	39	37	28	0.04%	0.04%	0.03%
Some Other Race alone (NH)	349	407	1,077	0.39%	0.45%	1.06%
Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH)	2,630	2,021	3,380	2.95%	2.24%	3.34%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)	16,383	29,013	44,560	18.40%	32.12%	44.01%
Total	89,050	90,329	101,253	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%

2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 90,329 people, 33,310 households, and 20,988 families residing in the city.

The racial makeup of the city was:

• 57.6% White
• 12.8% African American
• 0.7% Native American
• 7.0% Asian
• 0.1% Pacific Islander
• 16.8% from other races
• 5.0% from two or more races

Hispanic or Latino of any race were 32.1% of the population (10.5% Dominican, 6.3% Guatemalan, 5.4% Puerto Rican, 2.8% Salvadoran, 1.7% Mexican, 0.6% Honduran, 0.4% Colombian, 0.4% Spanish, 0.2% Peruvian, 0.2% Cuban).

Cambodians form the largest Asian origin group in Lynn, with 3.9% of Lynn's total population of Cambodian ancestry. Other large Asian groups are those of Vietnamese (1.0%), Indian (0.4%), Chinese (0.3%), and Laotian (0.2%) ancestry.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.9% under the age of 18 and 75.1% over 18. Males accounted for 49% and females 51%.

Between 2009 and 2013, the median household income in Lynn was $44,849. The per capita income was $22,982. About 21.0% of the population was considered below the poverty line.

Asian population

In 1990 Lynn had 2,993 persons of Asian origin. In 2000 Lynn had 5,730 Asians, an increase of over 91%, making it one of ten Massachusetts cities with the largest Asian populations. In 2000 the city had 3,050 persons of Cambodian origin, making them the largest Asian subgroup in Lynn. That year the city had 1,112 persons of Vietnamese origin and 353 persons of Indian origin. From 1990 to 2000 the Vietnamese and Indian populations increased by 192% and 264%, respectively.

By 2004 the Cambodian community in Lynn was establishing the Khmer Association of the North Shore.

Income

Data is from the 2009–2013 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.

Rank	ZIP Code (ZCTA)	Per capita income	Median household income	Median family income	Population	Number of households
	Massachusetts	$35,763	$66,866	$84,900	6,605,058	2,530,147
	Essex County	$35,167	$67,311	$84,185	750,808	286,008
1	01904	$33,409	$80,903	$91,409	18,803	6,833
	United States	$28,155	$53,046	$64,719	311,536,594	115,610,216
	Lynn	$22,982	$44,849	$53,557	90,788	33,122
2	01901	$20,625	$23,467	$24,125	2,023	1,096
3	01902	$20,391	$37,275	$45,276	44,827	16,528
4	01905	$19,934	$42,490	$42,163	25,090	8,642

Government

Lynn is represented in the state legislature by officials elected from the following districts:

• Massachusetts Senate's 3rd Essex district
• Massachusetts House of Representatives' 8th Essex district
• Massachusetts House of Representatives' 9th Essex district
• Massachusetts House of Representatives' 10th Essex district
• Massachusetts House of Representatives' 11th Essex district

Lynn presidential election results

Year	Democratic	Republican	Third parties	Total Votes	Margin
align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|2024	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|60.31% 18,982	align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|37.70% 11,865	align="center" Template:Party shading/Independent|1.99% 625	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|31,472	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|22.51%
align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|2020	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|68.93% 24,662	align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|29.14% 10,425	align="center" Template:Party shading/Independent|1.93% 690	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|35,777	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|39.79%
align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|2016	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|67.51% 22,164	align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|28.36% 9,311	align="center" Template:Party shading/Independent|4.13% 1,355	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|32,830	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|39.15%
align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|2012	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|72.09% 23,124	align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|26.54% 8,512	align="center" Template:Party shading/Independent|1.37% 440	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|32,076	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|45.55%
align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|2008	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|68.18% 20,276	align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|29.32% 8,719	align="center" Template:Party shading/Independent|2.50% 744	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|29,739	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|38.86%
align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|2004	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|69.17% 19,372	align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|29.90% 8,373	align="center" Template:Party shading/Independent|0.94% 262	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|28,007	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|39.27%
align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|2000	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|68.87% 18,836	align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|24.78% 6,776	align="center" Template:Party shading/Independent|6.35% 1,738	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|27,350	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|44.10%
align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|1996	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|67.84% 18,370	align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|20.81% 5,634	align="center" Template:Party shading/Independent|11.36% 3,075	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|27,079	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|47.03%
align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|1992	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|50.43% 15,275	align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|24.27% 7,350	align="center" Template:Party shading/Independent|25.31% 7,665	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|30,290	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|25.12%
align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|1988	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|59.30% 18,540	align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|38.96% 12,182	align="center" Template:Party shading/Independent|1.73% 542	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|31,264	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|20.34%
align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|1984	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|53.90% 17,103	align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|45.52% 14,445	align="center" Template:Party shading/Independent|0.57% 182	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|31,730	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|8.38%
align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|1980	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|49.20% 15,777	align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|37.32% 11,966	align="center" Template:Party shading/Independent|13.48% 4,323	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|32,066	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|11.88%
align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|1976	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|62.24% 21,430	align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|33.63% 11,580	align="center" Template:Party shading/Independent|4.13% 1,422	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|34,432	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|28.61%
align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|1972	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|62.06% 24,124	align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|37.28% 14,490	align="center" Template:Party shading/Independent|0.66% 255	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|38,869	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|24.79%
align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|1968	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|71.93% 28,740	align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|23.77% 9,500	align="center" Template:Party shading/Independent|4.30% 1,718	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|39,958	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|48.15%
align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|1964	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|84.07% 36,671	align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|15.54% 6,779	align="center" Template:Party shading/Independent|0.39% 169	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|43,619	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|68.53%
align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|1960	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|64.73% 31,001	align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|34.96% 16,746	align="center" Template:Party shading/Independent|0.31% 149	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|47,896	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|29.76%
align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|1956	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|49.68% 24,191	align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|50.05% 24,368	align="center" Template:Party shading/Independent|0.27% 131	align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|48,690	align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|0.36%
align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|1952	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|52.19% 27,460	align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|47.24% 24,856	align="center" Template:Party shading/Independent|0.56% 297	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|52,613	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|4.95%
align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|1948	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|59.36% 27,954	align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|37.70% 17,753	align="center" Template:Party shading/Independent|2.93% 1,382	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|47,089	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|21.66%
align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|1944	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|57.10% 26,578	align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|42.60% 19,826	align="center" Template:Party shading/Independent|0.30% 140	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|46,544	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|14.51%
align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|1940	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|55.84% 26,509	align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|43.43% 20,617	align="center" Template:Party shading/Independent|0.73% 346	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|47,472	align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|12.41%

Voter registration and party enrollment as of October 26, 2024 – Lynn
Party		Number of voters	Percentage
	Democratic	20,181	32.39%
	Republican	3,529	5.66%
	Unenrolled	38,029	61.04%
	Political Designations	179	0.29%
Total		62,305	100%

Arts and culture

Notable locations

• Lynn as of 2022 is home to the Massachusetts Monarchs a minor league basketball team competing in The Basketball League.
• Fraser Field, municipal baseball stadium constructed in the 1940s under the Works Progress Administration. It has housed many minor league baseball teams and a few major league exhibition games for the Boston Red Sox. Currently, it is the home of the North Shore Navigators of the Futures Collegiate Baseball League.
• Manning Field, the municipal football stadium. It is the former site of Manning Bowl (c. 1936 – August 2005).
• Lynn Memorial Auditorium
• Mary Baker Eddy House
• Lucian Newhall House
• Grand Army of the Republic Hall (Lynn, Massachusetts)
• Lynn Museum & Historical Society
• Lynn Community Television
• Capitol Diner
• Lynn Masonic Hall
• St. Stephen's Memorial Episcopal Church

Parks and recreation

Lynn was among the first communities in America to set aside a significant portion of its total land areas for open space—initially to secure a common public wood source. In 1693, Lynn restricted use of areas today encompassed by the Lynn Woods Reservation, and imposed fines for removing young trees. Although this land area was subsequently divided, in 1706, rights of public access were maintained, and, during the 19th century, recreational use of the woods increased.

In 1850, the first hiking club in New England—the Lynn Exploring Circle—was established. In 1881, a group of Lynn residents organized the Trustees of the Free Public Forest to protect Lynn Woods by acquiring land and gifting it to the city. Frederick Law Olmsted was hired as a design consultant for Lynn Woods, in 1889, whereupon he recommended keeping the land wild, adding only limited public access improvements.

Lynn Woods was among the natural resources that inspired landscape architect Charles Eliot and others to create Boston's Metropolitan Park System. In 1893, Eliot noted that Lynn Woods "constitute the largest and most interesting, because the wildest, public domain in all New England."

Today, Lynn has 49 parks encompassing 1,540 aggregate acres, representing about 22% of the city's total 6,874-acre land area. Consequently, 96% of all Lynn residents live within a 10-minute walk of a park or open space. The city's parks and open spaces include:

• Lynn Shore Reservation
• Lynn Woods Reservation, the largest municipal park in New England, at . The bulk of the Reservation's land area is situated in the City of Lynn, but portions fall within the boundaries of adjoining municipalities. Several historical sites such as Stone Tower, Steel Tower, the Wolf Pits, and Dungeon Rock, believed to be the site of still-unrecovered pirate treasure, are located here. Many schools have cross-country track meets in Lynn Woods.
• Lynn Commons, an area between North and South Common Streets.
• Lynn Heritage State Park
• High Rock Tower, a stone observation tower with a view of Nahant, Boston, Downtown Lynn, Egg Rock, and the ocean. The top of the structure houses a telescope, which is open for the public to use.
• Pine Grove Cemetery, an intact rural cemetery, and one of the largest cemeteries in the country. Ripley's Believe It or Not once claimed the fieldstone wall around the cemetery was the "second longest contiguous stone wall in the world", after the Great Wall of China.
• Spring Pond, historic retreat of wild woodlands.
• Goldfish Pond/Lafayette Park
• Northern Strand Community Trail connects Lynn with Revere, Saugus, Malden, and Everett, Massachusetts.

Education

File:Lynn English High School.jpg

Lynn English High School

Lynn has three public high schools (Lynn English, Lynn Classical, and Lynn Vocational Technical High School), four middle/junior high schools, two alternative schools, and, as of Autumn 2015, 18 elementary schools. They are served by the Lynn Public Schools district.

KIPP: the Knowledge Is Power Program operates the KIPP Academy Lynn, a 5–8 charter middle school, and a charter high school called KIPP Academy Lynn Collegiate.

There is also an independent Catholic high school located in the city, St. Mary's High School. There are two Catholic primary schools, St. Pius V School and the now defunct Sacred Heart School. There is also one interdenominational Christian school, North Shore Christian School.

North Shore Community College has a campus in downtown Lynn (with its other campuses located in Danvers and Beverly).

Infrastructure

Transportation

Lynn has no Interstate or controlled-access highways, the nearest being U.S. Route 1 in Saugus and Lynnfield, and the combined Interstate 95 and Route 128 in Lynnfield. (The original design of Interstate 95 called for a route that would have paralleled Route 107 and crossed Lynn—including Lynn Woods—but the project was cancelled in 1972.) However, Massachusetts State Route 1A, Route 107, Route 129 and Route 129A all pass through Lynn. Route 107 passes from southwest to northeast along a relatively straight right-of-way through the city. It shares a concurrency with Route 129A, which follows Route 129's old route through the city between its parent route and Route 1A. Route 129 passes from the north of the city before turning south and passing through the downtown area and becoming concurrent with Route 1A for . Route 1A passes from Revere along the western portion of the Lynnway, a divided highway within the city, before passing further inland into Swampscott. The Lynnway itself runs along the coastline, leading to a rotary, which links the road to Nahant Road and Lynn Shore Drive, which follows the coast into Swampscott.

Lynn is served by Lynn station on the Newburyport/Rockport Line of the MBTA Commuter Rail system, as well as River Works station (which is for GE Aviation employees only). A number of other stations were open until the mid 20th century. Numerous MBTA bus routes also connect Lynn with Boston and the neighboring communities. An extension of the Blue Line to downtown Lynn has been proposed, but not funded. MBTA ferry route F5 service operates between Blossom Street Pier and downtown Boston. The nearest airport is Boston's Logan International Airport, about south.

Notable people

• Harry Agganis, All-American quarterback at Boston University and Boston Red Sox player
• Corinne Alphen, model and actress
• Stan Andrews, major league baseball player
• Julie Archoska, football player
• Paul Barresi, pornographic actor
• Louis P. Bénézet, educator and writer
• Verna Bloom, American actress (Animal House, High Plains Drifter, The Last Temptation of Christ)
• Ben Bowden, pitcher on 2014 Vanderbilt Commodores baseball team; currently pitches for the Atlanta Braves and has pitched for the Colorado Rockies
• Estelle Parsons, actress, singer and stage director, Best Supporting Actress 1967 Academy Awards, was born at Lynn in 1927.
• Walter Brennan, actor, winner of three Academy Awards, was born in Lynn
• Les Burke, major league baseball player
• Marion Cowan Burrows, physician and pharmacist, state legislator (1928–1932) representing Lynn
• John Deering, major league baseball player
• Joe Dixon, jazz clarinet player
• Frederick Douglass, abolitionist
• Charles Remond Douglass, soldier
• Mary Baker Eddy, founder of Christian Science
• Rashidi Ellis, professional boxer
• Zari Elmassian, singer, born in Lynn
• Olger Escobar, Major League Soccer player for CF Montréal
• Derek Falvey, Major League Baseball executive, was raised in Lynn
• Josh Fogg, major league baseball player
• James Durrell Greene, famous inventor and US Civil War Brevet Brigadier General, was born in Lynn
• Bump Hadley, major league baseball player
• Neil Hamilton, actor, played "Commissioner Gordon" on TV's Batman
• Hutchinson Family Singers, 19th century singing group
• George E. Harney, architect
• Jim Hegan, major league baseball player
• Frederick Herzberg, psychologist, most famous for introducing job enrichment and the Motivator-Hygiene theory, was born in Lynn
• Ken Hill, professional baseball player
• Mary Sargent Hopkins, women's health advocate and bicycle enthusiast
• Chris Howard, professional baseball pitcher
• Ruth Bancroft Law, aviator, was born in Lynn
• Alexander E. Little, founder of A.E. Little & Co, maker of Sorosis shoes
• Jerry Maren, longtime character actor who played the middle "Lollipop Guild" member in 1939's "The Wizard Of Oz" film
• Jan Ernst Matzeliger, Surinamese inventor of shoe-manufacturing equipment, lived in Lynn
• Linda McCarriston, poet, was born and raised in Lynn
• Thomas M. McGee, attorney, State Representative, State Senator, Mayor of Lynn
• Thomas W. McGee, City Councillor, State Representative, Speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
• Ralph McLane, clarinetist
• Walter Mears, journalist
• Ralph Merry, founder of Magog, Quebec, was born in Lynn in 1753.
• Mike Ness, musician, founder of the rock band, Social Distortion. Born in Lynn
• Alex Newell, actor and singer, notably from the hit TV series Glee
• Jack Noseworthy, actor
• Mike Pazik, major league baseball player
• William Dudley Pelley, founder of the Silver Legion of America
• Lydia Pinkham, American inventor and marketer of a herbal-alcoholic "women's tonic"
• Lotta S. Rand, social worker, Red Cross worker in WWI France
• Ruth Roman, actress, notably from Strangers on a Train, was born in Lynn
• Tom Rowe, professional hockey player
• Blondy Ryan, major league baseball player
• Harold Shapero, Composer and educator, was born in Lynn
• Todd Smith, pro wrestler
• Louise Spizizen, composer, musician, and author
• Susan Stafford, original hostess of Wheel of Fortune
• Lesley Stahl, television journalist, 60 Minutes, was born in Lynn
• Gasper Urban, football player
• Holman K. Wheeler, architect of more than 400 structures in Lynn
• Frances Hodges White, children's author
• Tom Whelan, major league baseball player
• Charles Herbert Woodbury, artist and teacher
• John Yau, poet and art critic

In literature and the arts

• Many versions of the Mother Goose nursery rhyme "Trot, trot to Boston" include Lynn as the second destination.
• Scenes from the movie Surrogates (2009), especially the chase scene, were filmed in downtown Lynn. Lynn native Jack Noseworthy starred in the film, and has said he pushes Lynn as a location whenever involved in a project.
• The character of Freddie Quell in The Master (2012) is from Lynn and returns there for a scene, though it was filmed in California.
• The movie Black Mass (2015) starring Johnny Depp feature several scenes shot in Lynn.
• The high school scene in Central Intelligence (2016) was filmed at Lynn Classical and Lynn English high schools.
• Several scenes in Sound of Metal (2019) were filmed in Lynn.

See also

• List of mill towns in Massachusetts
• Timeline of Lynn, Massachusetts
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Lynn, Massachusetts
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Essex County, Massachusetts
• List of museums in Massachusetts
• Lynn and Boston Railroad
• Lynn Belt Line Street Railway
• Boston, Revere Beach and Lynn Railroad
• Belden Bly Bridge

Bibliography

• Lewis, Alonzo and James Robinson Newhall. History of Lynn, Essex County, Massachusetts: Including Lynnfield, Saugus, Swampscott and Nahant. Published 1865 by John L. Shorey 13 Washington St. Lynn.
• Panoramic View of the Hutchinson Family Home on High Rock including all of Lynn, Massachusetts published 1881 by Armstrong and Co, at the LOC website.
• D'Entremont, Jeremy. Egg Rock Lighthouse History. Website.
• Carlson, W. Bernard. Innovation as a Social Process: Elihu Thomson and the Rise of General Electric, 1870–1900 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991).
• Woodbury, David O. Elihu Thomson, Beloved Scientist (Boston: Museum of Science, 1944)
• Haney, John L. The Elihu Thomson Collection, American Philosophical Society Yearbook 1944.
• United Press International. "Blaze destroys urban complex in Lynn, Mass." The New York Times, November 29, 1981. Page 28.

External links

• City of Lynn official website