Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 00:53, 12 November 2025

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The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO) is an international organization established to facilitate the voices of unrepresented and marginalized nations and peoples worldwide. It was formed on 11 February 1991^[1]^[2] at the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands. Its members consist of indigenous peoples, minorities, and unrecognized or occupied territories.

UNPO works to develop the understanding of and respect for the right to self-determination, provides advice and support related to questions of international recognition and political autonomy, trains groups on how to advocate for their causes effectively, and directly advocates for an international response to human rights violations perpetrated against UNPO member groups. Since its foundation in 1991, UNPO’s membership has grown steadily from its original founders, now representing more than 45 peoples worldwide, comprising over 300 million people lacking true representation in domestic or international forums. Over the years, many members have achieved their movement’s goals and gained formal recognition at the national or international level, leading them to leave the organization as their peoples are no longer considered “unrepresented.” Former members who have left the organization after gaining full independence and joining the United Nations (UN) include Armenia, East Timor, Estonia, Latvia, Georgia, Somaliland and Palau.^[3]^[4]

Throughout 2024, UNPO conducted several training sessions aimed at helping its members and activists. Sessions included in-person training for Asia Pacific members in Geneva, online cybersecurity training, a cybersecurity training in person for the Baloch community in Stockholm, an in-person training in Brussels on the principles and practical applications of non-violent resistance and a youth study session supported by the Council of Europe, emphasizing the importance of acquiring and improving necessary skills for advocacy within marginalized communities.^[5]

History

The UNPO was conceived of by leaders of self-determination movements such as Linnart Mäll of the Congress of Estonia, Erkin Alptekin of East Turkestan, and Lodi Gyari of Tibet, together with Template:Ill, along with the international law adviser of the 14th Dalai Lama. The founders were representatives of national movements of Estonia, Latvia, Tibet, Crimean Tatars, Armenia, Georgia, Tatarstan, East Turkestan, East Timor, Australian Aboriginals, the Cordillera in the Philippines, the Greek minority in Albania, Kurdistan, Palau, Taiwan, and West Papua.^[6] A key UNPO goal was, and remains, to replicate the powerful message of nonviolence and interethnic tolerance in the face of oppression exhibited by the Tibetan people and championed by the 14th Dalai Lama and to provide a forum in which others are encouraged and supported to adopt similar approaches.^[7]^[8]

UNPO chose for its founding headquarters in 1991 The Hague in the Netherlands because the city aimed at becoming the International City of Peace and Justice and hosts international courts like the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and International Criminal Court (ICC). A Foundation was established in the Netherlands to provide secretarial support to the UNPO General Assembly and to carry out research and educational activities related to unrepresented peoples worldwide. The Foundation maintains a permanent presence before the European Union, United States and United Nations. It is funded by a combination of member contributions, donations from individuals, and project-based grants from foundations.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Aims

UNPO’s aim is to uphold the fundamental right to autonomy and self-determination for all peoples, striving for a world where every nation and people is heard, valued, and respected. It envisions a future where fundamental rights, including the freedom to determine political status and pursue economic, social, and cultural development, are guaranteed for all.

To achieve this, UNPO fosters solidarity and knowledge exchange among unrepresented peoples through a unique global platform. By strengthening cross-regional projects and engaging in dialogue with the international community, UNPO contributes to building a peaceful, democratic, equitable, and sustainable world. The platform ensures that the voices of unrepresented peoples are not only heard but valued in global forums, empowering nations and peoples to fully realize their potential within a just and inclusive society.

UNPO’s work emphasizes the necessity of non-violent resistance against oppression, while also focusing on the inclusion of underrepresented groups, particularly youth and women, in decision-making processes. By strengthening democratic values, spreading the principles of Gandhian non-violence, and advocating for human rights, the organization empowers members to preserve their cultural identities and contribute to global discussions on pressing environmental and geopolitical challenges. Through strategic partnerships with like-minded organizations, academia, and international actors, UNPO raises awareness of human rights abuses and supports members in having their voices heard on the world stage.^[7]

Although UNPO members often have different goals, they have one thing in common: they are generally not represented diplomatically (or only with a minor status, such as observer) in major international institutions, such as the United Nations (UN). As a result, their ability to have their concerns addressed by the global bodies mandated to protect human rights and address conflict is limited.^[7]

UNPO is dedicated to the five principles enshrined in its Covenant:

1) The equal right to self-determination: Self-determination is a fundamental human right, allowing peoples to shape their own political, cultural, and social future, ensuring that all voices are heard in decision-making processes.

2) Adherence to the internationally accepted human rights standards as laid down in the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action and other international instruments: Human rights are universal norms designed to protect all people from political, legal, and social abuses, regardless of ethnicity, nationality, or legal status.

3) Adherence to the principles of democratic pluralism and rejection of totalitarianism and religious intolerance: Democratic pluralism is an inclusive, participatory system where governance is accountable, transparent, and responsive to the people. It embraces diversity, celebrates different cultures, and promotes political inclusion through knowledge, freedom of thought, and openness to differing viewpoints.

4) Promotion of non-violence and the rejection of terrorism as an instrument of policy: Non-violence is the rejection of violent actions to achieve political goals. UNPO encourages members to adopt peaceful resistance and promote inter-ethnic tolerance in response to oppression.

5) Protection of the natural environment: Environmental protection is about preserving habitats and resources that protect cultures. Indigenous and local communities, as guardians of traditional ecological knowledge, are best positioned to safeguard their environment and way of life.

All members are required to sign and abide by the UNPO Covenant.^[9] UNPO members are required to be nonviolent.^[10]

Members

The following are listed as members by the UNPO.^[11]

Original members are listed with pink background and in bold. Members who are recognised as independent countries by at least 1 UN Member or by other countries recognised by at least 1 UN member are marked by asterisk (*).

Member	Date joined	Represented by	Ref
Template:Flagicon image Aceh	Template:Dts	Acheh-Sumatra National Liberation Front	^[12]
Template:Flagicon image Annobón	Template:Dts	Ambô Legadu	^[13]
Template:Flagdeco Afrikaners	Template:Dts	Freedom Front Plus	^[14]
Template:Flagicon image Ahwazi	Template:Dts	Democratic Solidarity Party of Ahwaz	^[15]
Template:Flagicon image Assyrians	Template:Dts	Assyrian Universal Alliance	^[16]
Template:Flagicon image Balochistan	Template:Dts	Balochistan National Party (Mengal)	^[17]
Template:Flagicon Barotseland	Template:Dts	Barotse National Freedom Alliance	^[18]
Template:Flagicon image Batwa	Template:Dts	African Initiative for Mankind Progress Organization	^[19]
Bellah	Template:Dts	Malian Association for the Preservation of Bellah Culture	^[20]
Template:Flagicon Biafra	Template:Dts	Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra/Biafra Independence Movement	^[21]^[22]
Template:Flagicon Brittany	Template:Dts	Template:Ill	^[23]
Template:Flagicon Catalans	Template:Dts	Assemblea Nacional Catalana	^[24]
Template:Flagicon image Chittagong Hill Tracts	Template:Dts	Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti	^[25]
Template:Flagicon image Crimean Tatars	Template:Dts	Milli Mejlis	^[26]
Template:Flagdeco District of Columbia (Washington, DC)	Template:Dts	D.C. Statehood Congressional Delegation	^[27]
Template:Flagicon East Turkestan	Template:Dts	World Uyghur Congress	^[28]
Template:Flagicon image Gilgit Baltistan	Template:Dts	Gilgit Baltistan Democratic Alliance	^[29]
Template:Flagicon Guam	Template:Dts	Government of Guam	^[21]^[22]
Template:Flagicon image Haratin	Template:Dts	Initiative de Résurgence du Mouvement Abolitionniste en Mauritanie	^[30]
Template:Flagicon image Hmong	Template:Dts	Congress of World Hmong People	^[31]
Template:Flagicon image Iranian Kurds	Template:Dts	Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan and Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan	^[32]
Template:Flagicon image Kabylia	Template:Dts	MAK-Anavad	^[33]
Template:Flagicon image Khmer Krom	Template:Dts	Khmers Kampuchea-Krom Federation	^[34]
Template:Flagicon image Nagalim	Template:Dts	National Socialist Council of Nagalim	^[35]
Template:Flagicon image Niger Delta	Template:Dts	Niger Delta Peoples Movement	^[36]
Template:Flagicon Ogaden	Template:Dts	Ogaden National Liberation Front	^[37]
Template:Flagicon Ogoni	Template:Dts	Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People	^[38]
Template:Flagicon image Oromo	Template:Dts	Oromo Liberation Front	^[39]
Template:Flagicon image Sindhis	Template:Dts	World Sindhi Congress	^[40]
Template:Flagicon Somaliland*	Template:Dts	Government of Somaliland	^[41]
Template:Flagicon South Moluccas	Template:Dts	Republic of South Moluccas	^[42]
Template:Flagicon image Southern Azerbaijanis	Template:Dts	South Azerbaijan Democratic Party	^[43]
Template:Flagicon image Southern Mongolians	Template:Dts	Southern Mongolian Human Rights Information Center	^[44]
Template:Flagicon Taiwan*	Template:Dts	Taiwan Foundation for Democracy	^[45]
Template:Flagicon Tibet	Template:Dts	Central Tibetan Administration	^[46]
Template:Flagicon image West Balochistan	Template:Dts	Balochistan People's Party	^[47]
Template:Flagicon image Western Togolanders	Template:Dts	Homeland Study Group Foundation	^[48]
Template:Flagicon West Papuans	Template:Dts	West Papua Human Rights Center	^[6]^[49]
Template:Flagicon image Yoruba	Template:Dts	Yoruba World Congress	^[21]^[22]
Template:Flagicon image Zambesia	Template:Dts	Movement for the Survival of the River Races of Zambesia	^[21]^[22]

Former members

Some members of the UNPO have left because of United Nations (UN) recognition, autonomy agreements, or for other reasons.

The following lists former and suspended members.^[11]

Former members who became part of the UN are highlighted with a blue background and italics. Original members (from 11 February 1991) are listed with pink background and in bold. Former members who are recognised as independent countries by at least 1 UN member or by other countries recognised by at least 1 UN member are marked by asterisk (*). Suspended members are marked by yellow background.

Former member	Date joined	Date withdrew	Note	Ref
Template:Flagdeco Abkhazians*	Template:Dts	2020	Represented by Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Abkhazia	^[50]
Template:Flagicon image Aboriginals of Australia	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Represented by National Committee to Defend Black Rights	^[51]
Template:Flagicon image Albanians in North Macedonia	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Reached agreement on wider rights with North Macedonia in 2001	^[52]
Template:Flagicon image Amazigh	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Represented by World Amazigh Congress	^[53]
Template:Flagicon image Ambazonia	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Represented by the Southern Cameroons National Council and Ambazonia Governing Council (from September 2018).	^[54]
Script error: No such module "flag".	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Became member of the UN in 1992	^[55]
Template:Flagicon Bashkortostan	Template:Dts	Template:Dts		^[56]
Template:Flagicon image Bougainville	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Reached an agreement with Papua New Guinea in 2021, in which Bougainville will be independent by 2027.	^[57]
Template:Country data Burma	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Represented by National Council of the Union of Burma. The Myanmar military junta was dissolved in 2011.	^[58]
Template:Flagicon Buryatia	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Represented by All-Buryat Association for the Development of Culture	^[59]
Template:Flagicon image Cabinda	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Represented by the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda	^[60]
Template:Flagicon image Chechen Republic of Ichkeria*	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Government-in-exile in London.	^[61]
Template:Flagicon image Chin	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Represented by Chin National Front	^[62]
Template:Flagicon Chuvash	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Represented by the Chuvash National Congress	^[63]
Template:Flagicon Circassia	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Represented by Template:Visible anchor	^[64]
Template:Flagicon image Cordillera	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Represented by Cordillera Peoples' Alliance	^[65]
Degar-Montagnards	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Represented by Montagnard Foundation, Inc.	^[66]
Template:Country data East Timor	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Became member of the UN in 2002	^[67]
Template:Country data Estonia	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Became member of the UN in 1991	^[68]
Template:Flagicon image Gagauzia	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Reached autonomy agreement with Moldova in 1994	^[69]
Template:Country data Georgia	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Became member of the UN in 1992	^[70]
Template:Flagicon image Republic of Northern Epirus	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Represented by Omonoia	^[71]
Template:Flagicon Hungarian minority in Romania	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania	^[72]
Template:Flagicon Ingushetia	Template:Dts	Template:Dts		^[73]
Template:Flagicon image Inkeri	Template:Dts	Template:Dts		^[74]
Template:Flagicon Iraqi Kurdistan	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Represented by Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iraq and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan	^[75]
Template:Flagicon image Iraqi Turkmen	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Represented by Iraqi Turkmen Front, Turkmen Nationalist Movement, Turkmen Wafa Movement, and Islamic Union of Iraqi Turkmens	^[76]
Template:Flagicon image Kalahui Hawaii	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Represented by Ka Lahui Hawaii	^[77]
Template:Flagicon image Karenni State	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Represented by Karenni National Progressive PartyScript error: No such module "Unsubst".	^[78]
Template:Flagicon image Khalistan	Template:Dts^[79]	Template:Dts	Membership suspended on 4 August 1993 and suspension made permanent 22 January 1995.^[80]	^[81]
Template:Flagicon Komi	Template:Dts	Template:Dts		^[82]
Template:Flagicon Template:Flagicon Template:Country data Kosovo*	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Represented by Democratic League of Kosovo	^[83]
Template:Flagicon image Kumyk	Template:Dts	Template:Dts		^[84]
Template:Flagicon image Lakota Nation	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Followed by the declaration of the Republic of Lakotah	^[85]
Latin American Indigenous Peoples (Project)	2016	?		^[11]
Script error: No such module "flag".	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Became member of the UN in 1991	^[86]
Template:Flagicon image Lezghin	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Federal Lezgian National and Cultural Autonomy	^[87]
Template:Flagicon Maasai	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Represented by Maasai Women for Education and Economic Development	^[88]
Template:Flagicon image Maohi	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Represented by Hiti Tau	^[89]
Template:Flagicon image Madhesh	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Represented by Alliance for Independent Madhesh	^[90]
Template:Flagicon image Mapuche	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Represented by Template:Visible anchor	^[91]
Template:Flagicon image Mari	Template:Dts	Template:Dts		^[92]
Template:Flagicon image Mon	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Represented by Mon Unity League	^[93]
Template:Flagicon image Moro	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Represented by the Moro Islamic Liberation Front, autonomy and peace deal with the government in 2014	^[94]
Nahua Del Alto Balsas	Template:Dts	Template:Dts		^[95]
Nuxalk Nation	Template:Dts	Template:Dts		^[96]
Script error: No such module "flag". (Belau)	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Became member of the UN in 1994	^[97]
Template:Flagicon image Rusyn	Template:Dts	Template:Dts		^[98]
Template:Flagicon Sakha	Template:Dts	Template:Dts		^[99]
Template:Flagicon Sanjak	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Represented by the Bosnian National Council of Sanjak	^[100]
Template:Flagicon Savoy	Template:Dts	Template:Dts		^[101]
Template:Flagicon Scania (Skåneland)	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Membership suspended on 18 September 2011.^[102]	^[103]
Template:Flagicon image Rehoboth Basters	Template:Dts	Template:Dts^[104]	Represented by Captains Council
Template:Flagicon image Shan	Template:Dts	Template:Dts		^[105]
Template:Flagicon image South Arabia	Template:Dts		Represented by the Southern Democratic Assembly for Self-Determination for South Arabia's People	^[106]
Template:Flagicon image Sulu	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Sulu Foundation of Nine Ethnic Tribes	^[107]
Template:Flagicon image Talysh	Template:Dts		National Talysh Movement	^[108]
Template:Flagicon Tatarstan	Template:Dts	Template:Dts		^[109]
Template:Flagicon image Trieste (Free Territory of Trieste)	Template:Dts		Represented by TRIEST NGO	^[110]
Tsimshian	Template:Dts	Template:Dts		^[111]
Template:Flagicon Tuva	Template:Dts	Template:Dts		^[112]
Template:Flagicon Udmurt	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Represented by Template:Visible anchor	^[113]
Template:Flagicon image Vhavenda	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Represented by Dabalorivhuwa Patriotic Front	^[114]
Template:Flagicon Zanzibar	Template:Dts	Template:Dts	Represented by Template:Visible anchor, in cooperation with the Civic United Front	^[115]

Suspensions

UNPO's representing nations may become suspended from the Organization if they fail to follow its covenant.^[116]

In 24 January 1993, Khalistan was briefly admitted in the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, but was suspended a few months after its admission. The membership suspension was made permanent on 22 January 1995, as there was no mechanism to expel Khalistan or force it to withdraw.^[117]^[118]

Scania was also suspended on 18 September 2011.^[119]

Timeline

Here is a timeline on events throughout the UNPO:

1991

February 11 - The UNPO was founded.

Leadership

Secretaries general^[120]

Name	Term
Template:Flagicon Template:Ill (Netherlands)	1991–1998
Template:Flagicon Template:Ill (Tibet)	1997–1998
File:Australian Aboriginal Flag.svg Helen S. Corbett (Australian Aboriginals)	1998–1999
Template:Flagicon Erkin Alptekin (Uyghurs)	1999–2003
Template:Flagicon Marino Busdachin (Italy)	2003–2018
Template:Flagicon Ralph J. Bunche III (USA)	2018–2023
Template:Flagicon Mercè Monje Cano (Spain)	2023–current

Chair/Presidents of the General Assembly

Linnart Mäll – (Estonia) 1991–1993
Erkin Alptekin – (Uyghurs) 1993–1997
Seif Sharif Hamad – (Zanzibar) 1997–2001
John J. Nimrod – (Assyrians) 2001–2005
Göran Hansson – (Scania) 2005–2006
Ledum Mitee – (Ogoni) 2006–2010
Ngawang Choephel Drakmargyapon – (Tibet) 2010–2015
Nasser Boladai – (West Balochistan) 2015–2022
Edna Adan Ismail - (Somaliland) since 2022

Special Executive Director

Karl Habsburg-Lothringen – (Austria) 19 January 2002 – 31 December 2002
Mercè Monje Cano – (Catalonia) 1 October 2021 – current (acting as Interim Secretary General since 2023)

References

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External links

Template:Official website

Template:Indigenous rights footer Template:UNPO Template:Authority control

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@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 | image_map              = Lânkaart UNPO-lidmaatskip.png
 | map_caption            = Members of UNPO. Former members are in dark gray.
-| membership             = 44 groups<ref name=unpowelcomes5newmembers/>
+| membership             = 44 groups<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-25 |title=Members |url=https://unpo.org/members/ |access-date=2025-09-17 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
 | leader_title1          = President<ref name="organizational structure">{{cite web|url=http://unpo.org/section/2/6|title=UNPO Organizational Structure|publisher=UNPO|access-date=30 January 2015|archive-date=6 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206081628/http://unpo.org/section/2/6|url-status=live}}</ref>
 | leader_name1           = [[Edna Adan Ismail]]
@@ Line 33: / Line 33: @@
 {{Indigenous rights}}
-The '''Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization''' ('''UNPO''') is an [[international organization]] established to facilitate the voices of unrepresented and marginalized [[Nation|nations]] and peoples worldwide. It was formed on 11 February 1991<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/International_Organizations2.html|title=UNPO World Statesman.org|publisher=Worldstatesman|access-date=7 February 2012|archive-date=27 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200427092430/https://www.worldstatesmen.org/International_Organizations2.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unpo.org/section/2|title=About UNPO|publisher=UNPO|access-date=7 February 2012|archive-date=5 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305115204/http://www.unpo.org/section/2|url-status=live}}</ref> at the Peace Palace in [[The Hague]], [[Netherlands]]. Its members consist of [[indigenous peoples]], [[Minority group|minorities]], and [[List of states with limited recognition|unrecognized]] or [[Military occupation|occupied]] territories.
+The '''Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization''' ('''UNPO''') is an [[international organization]] established to facilitate the voices of unrepresented and marginalized [[Nation|nations]] and peoples worldwide. It was formed on 11 February 1991<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/International_Organizations2.html|title=UNPO World Statesman.org|publisher=Worldstatesman|access-date=7 February 2012|archive-date=27 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200427092430/https://www.worldstatesmen.org/International_Organizations2.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unpo.org/section/2|title=About UNPO|publisher=UNPO|access-date=7 February 2012|archive-date=5 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305115204/http://www.unpo.org/section/2|url-status=live}}</ref> at the [[Peace Palace]] in [[The Hague]], Netherlands. Its members consist of [[indigenous peoples]], [[Minority group|minorities]], and [[List of states with limited recognition|unrecognized]] or [[Military occupation|occupied]] territories.
-UNPO works to develop the understanding of and respect for the right to [[self-determination]], provides advice and support related to questions of [[international recognition]] and [[political autonomy]], trains groups on how to advocate for their causes effectively, and directly advocates for an international response to [[human rights]] violations perpetrated against UNPO member groups. Since its foundation in 1991, UNPO’s membership has grown steadily from its original founders, now representing more than 45 peoples worldwide, comprising over 300 million people lacking true representation in domestic or international forums. Over the years, many members have achieved their movement’s goals and gained formal recognition at the national or international level, leading them to leave the organization as their peoples are no longer considered “unrepresented.” Former members who have left the organization after gaining full independence and joining the [[United Nations]] (UN) include [[Armenia]], [[East Timor]], [[Estonia]], [[Latvia]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] and [[Palau]].<ref>{{cite news|first=Barbara|last=Crossette|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE1DB1238F93BA25751C1A962958260|title=Those Knocking, Unheeded, at UN's Doors Find Champion|work=[[New York Times]]|date=18 December 1994}}</ref><ref name="An Anthropology of NGOs">{{cite magazine|last=Tishkov|first=Valerie|url=http://www.eurozine.com/articles/2005-06-01-tishkov-en.html|title=An Anthropology of NGOs|magazine=[[Eurozine]]|date=July 2008|access-date=19 July 2008|archive-date=29 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229152902/http://www.eurozine.com/articles/2005-06-01-tishkov-en.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
+UNPO works to develop the understanding of and respect for the right to [[self-determination]], provides advice and support related to questions of [[international recognition]] and [[political autonomy]], trains groups on how to advocate for their causes effectively, and directly advocates for an international response to [[human rights]] violations perpetrated against UNPO member groups. Since its foundation in 1991, UNPO’s membership has grown steadily from its original founders, now representing more than 45 peoples worldwide, comprising over 300 million people lacking true representation in domestic or international forums. Over the years, many members have achieved their movement’s goals and gained formal recognition at the national or international level, leading them to leave the organization as their peoples are no longer considered “unrepresented.” Former members who have left the organization after gaining full independence and joining the [[United Nations]] (UN) include [[Armenia]], [[East Timor]], [[Estonia]], [[Latvia]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], Somaliland and [[Palau]].<ref>{{cite news|first=Barbara|last=Crossette|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE1DB1238F93BA25751C1A962958260|title=Those Knocking, Unheeded, at UN's Doors Find Champion|work=[[New York Times]]|date=18 December 1994}}</ref><ref name="An Anthropology of NGOs">{{cite magazine|last=Tishkov|first=Valerie|url=http://www.eurozine.com/articles/2005-06-01-tishkov-en.html|title=An Anthropology of NGOs|magazine=[[Eurozine]]|date=July 2008|access-date=19 July 2008|archive-date=29 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229152902/http://www.eurozine.com/articles/2005-06-01-tishkov-en.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
-Throughout 2024, UNPO conducted several training sessions aimed at helping its members and activists. Sessions included in-person training for Asia Pacific members in Geneva, online [[computer security|cybersecurity]] training, a cybersecurity training in person for the [[Baloch people|Baloch]] community in Stockholm, an in-person training in Brussels on the principles and practical applications of non-violent resistance and a youth study session supported by the [[Council of Europe]], emphasizing the importance of acquiring and improving necessary skills for advocacy within marginalized communities. <ref>{{Cite web|title=UNPO: UNPO's Journey of Empowerment: The 2023-2024 Activity Report in Global Advocacy and Solidarity|url=https://unpo.org/article/8685|access-date=19 June 2024|website=unpo.org|date=2 November 2009}}</ref>
+Throughout 2024, UNPO conducted several training sessions aimed at helping its members and activists. Sessions included in-person training for Asia Pacific members in Geneva, online [[computer security|cybersecurity]] training, a cybersecurity training in person for the [[Baloch people|Baloch]] community in Stockholm, an in-person training in Brussels on the principles and practical applications of non-violent resistance and a youth study session supported by the [[Council of Europe]], emphasizing the importance of acquiring and improving necessary skills for advocacy within marginalized communities.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UNPO: UNPO's Journey of Empowerment: The 2023-2024 Activity Report in Global Advocacy and Solidarity|url=https://unpo.org/article/8685|access-date=19 June 2024|website=unpo.org|date=2 November 2009}}</ref>
 == History ==
 The UNPO was conceived of by leaders of [[self-determination]] movements such as [[Linnart Mäll]] of the [[Congress of Estonia]], [[Erkin Alptekin]] of [[East Turkestan]], and [[Lodi Gyari]] of [[Tibet]], together with {{ill|Michael van Walt van Praag|nl}}, along with the international law adviser of the [[14th Dalai Lama]]. The founders were representatives of national movements of Estonia, Latvia, Tibet, [[Crimean Tatars]], Armenia, Georgia, [[Tatarstan]], [[East Turkestan]], East Timor, [[Aboriginal Australians|Australian Aboriginals]], the [[Cordillera autonomy movement|Cordillera]] in the Philippines, the [[Greeks in Albania|Greek minority in Albania]], [[Kurdistan]], Palau, [[Taiwan]], and [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]].<ref name=":0">{{cite book|editor-last=Simmons|editor-first=Mary Kate|year=1996|title=Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization Yearbook 1995|publisher=Kluwer Law International|isbn=90-411-0223-X|oclc=36779050|pages=1–3}}</ref> A key UNPO goal was, and remains, to replicate the powerful message of nonviolence and interethnic tolerance in the face of oppression exhibited by the Tibetan people and championed by the [[14th Dalai Lama]] and to provide a forum in which others are encouraged and supported to adopt similar approaches.<ref name="UNPO">{{cite book|url=http://www.unpo.org/downloads/428.pdf|title=UNPO 20th Anniversary Publication: Twenty Years of Promoting Nonviolence, Human Rights and Self Determination|publisher=UNPO|year=2011|location=The Hague, Netherlands|access-date=6 September 2012|archive-date=5 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805064717/http://www.unpo.org/downloads/428.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.gluckman.com/unpo.html|title=World's wanna-be republics find a home with UNPO|first=Ron|last=Gluckman|work=[[Asiaweek]]|year=1998|access-date=4 November 2010|archive-date=25 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125105456/http://gluckman.com/unpo.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
-UNPO chose for its founding headquarters in 1991 [[The Hague]] in the Netherlands because the city aimed at becoming the International City of Peace and Justice and hosts international courts like the [[International Court of Justice|International Court of Justice (ICJ)]] and [[International Criminal Court|International Criminal Court (ICC)]]. A Foundation was established in the Netherlands to provide secretarial support to the UNPO General Assembly and to carry out research and educational activities related to unrepresented peoples worldwide. The Foundation maintains a permanent presence before the European Union, United States and United Nations. It is funded by a combination of member contributions, donations from individuals, and project-based grants from foundations.{{cn|date=February 2021}}
+UNPO chose for its founding headquarters in 1991 [[The Hague]] in the Netherlands because the city aimed at becoming the International City of Peace and Justice and hosts international courts like the [[International Court of Justice|International Court of Justice (ICJ)]] and [[International Criminal Court]] (ICC). A Foundation was established in the Netherlands to provide secretarial support to the UNPO General Assembly and to carry out research and educational activities related to unrepresented peoples worldwide. The Foundation maintains a permanent presence before the European Union, United States and United Nations. It is funded by a combination of member contributions, donations from individuals, and project-based grants from foundations.{{cn|date=February 2021}}
 == Aims ==
@@ Line 89: / Line 89: @@
 | <ref>{{Cite web|title=UNPO: Acheh|publisher=UNPO|access-date=18 November 2022|url=https://unpo.org/members/7786|date=19 January 2018|archive-date=23 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723172333/https://unpo.org/members/7786|url-status=live}}</ref>
 |-
-| {{flagicon image|Annobon.png}} [[Annobón]]
+| {{flagicon image|Bandera Annobon.png}} [[Annobón]]
 | {{dts|format=dmy|2024|5|14}}
 |[[Ambô Legadu]]
@@ Line 271: / Line 271: @@
 | {{flagicon|Republic of West Papua}} '''[[Republic of West Papua|West Papua]]ns'''
 | {{dts|format=dmy|11 February 1991}}
-| [[Free Papua Movement]]
+| [[West Papua Human Rights Center]]
 | <ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=UNPO: West Papua|publisher=UNPO|access-date=24 January 2019|url=https://unpo.org/members/7843|date=15 October 2014|archive-date=23 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023214017/https://unpo.org/members/7843|url-status=live}}</ref>
 |-
-| {{flagicon image|Oduduwa Flag.jpg}} [[Yoruba people|Yoruba]]
+| {{flagicon image|Yoruba Oduduwa People Ethnic Flag.svg}} [[Yoruba people|Yoruba]]
 | {{dts|format=dmy|2020|7|31}}
 | [[Yoruba World Congress]]
@@ Line 475: / Line 475: @@
 | {{flagicon image|Flag-of-Khalistan.svg}} [[Khalistan movement|Khalistan]]
 | {{dts|format=dmy|1993|1|24}}<ref name="SAGE_Downing">{{cite book|last1=Downing|first1=John D. H.|title=Encyclopedia of Social Movement Media|date=2011|publisher=SAGE|isbn=9780761926887|page=290|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OSkKAOoaSGIC|via=[[Google Books]]|access-date=16 August 2019|archive-date=30 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330072135/https://books.google.com/books?id=OSkKAOoaSGIC|url-status=live}}</ref>
-| 4 August 1993
+| {{dts|format=dmy|1993|8|4}}
 | Membership suspended on 4 August 1993 and suspension made permanent 22 January 1995.<ref name="UNPO_yearbook_Khalistan">{{cite book|last1=Simmons|first1=Mary Kate|title=Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization: yearbook|year=1998|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers|isbn=9789041102232|page=187|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rWB3Bv3vuyMC&q=Khalistan+Unrepresented+Nations+and+Peoples+Organisation&pg=PA187|access-date=3 August 2018|via=[[Google Books]]|archive-date=13 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413200221/https://books.google.com/books?id=rWB3Bv3vuyMC&q=Khalistan+Unrepresented+Nations+and+Peoples+Organisation&pg=PA187|url-status=live}}</ref>
 |<ref>{{cite book|title=Faultlines|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SIbaAAAAMAAJ|volume=19|year=2008|publisher=Institute for Conflict Management|oclc=953841033|page=108|via=[[Google Books]]|access-date=29 January 2019|archive-date=13 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413200221/https://books.google.com/books?id=SIbaAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>
@@ Line 533: / Line 533: @@
 | <ref>{{Cite web|title=UNPO: Maohi|publisher=UNPO|access-date=19 July 2020|url=https://unpo.org/members/20869|date=6 June 2018|archive-date=3 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603203342/https://unpo.org/members/20869|url-status=live}}</ref>
 |-
-|{{flagicon image|Flagge fan Madesj.png}} [[Madhesh]]
+|{{flagicon image|Flagge fan Madesj.png}} [[Madheshi people|Madhesh]]
 |{{dts|format=dmy|2017|10|14}}
 | {{dts|format=dmy|2023|10|30}}
@@ Line 690: / Line 690: @@
 [[Scania]] was also suspended on 18 September 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UNPO: Scania|url=https://unpo.org/members/20862|access-date=11 February 2021|website=UNPO|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510225555/https://unpo.org/members/20862|url-status=live}}</ref>
+== Timeline ==
+Here is a timeline on events throughout the UNPO:
+=== 1991 ===
+February 11 - The UNPO was founded.
 == Leadership ==
 '''Secretaries general'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/International_Organizations2.html#UNPO.org/International_Organizations2.html|title=Worldstatesmen International Organizations|publisher=Worldstatesman|access-date=9 July 2012|archive-date=27 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200427092430/https://www.worldstatesmen.org/International_Organizations2.html#UNPO.org/International_Organizations2.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
 {| class="wikitable sortable"
@@ Line 737: / Line 745: @@
 * [[Free Nations of Post-Russia Forum]]
 * [[Stateless nation]]
+* [[High-Level Week of the 80th Session of the United Nations General Assembly 2025]]
 == References ==
 {{Reflist}}
 ==Further reading==
-*{{cite journal|last1=Kyris|first1=George|last2=Brisland|first2=Maurice|title=International Society and Its Many Contestations: A Study of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization|journal=Global Studies Quarterly|date=2024|volume=4|issue=2|doi=10.1093/isagsq/ksae044|doi-access=free}}
+*{{cite journal|last1=Kyris|first1=George|last2=Brisland|first2=Maurice|title=International Society and Its Many Contestations: A Study of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization|journal=Global Studies Quarterly|date=2024|volume=4|issue=2|article-number=ksae044 |doi=10.1093/isagsq/ksae044|doi-access=free}}
 == External links ==

Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 00:53, 12 November 2025

Contents

History

Aims

Members

Former members

Suspensions

Timeline

1991

Leadership

See also

References

Further reading

External links

Navigation menu

Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 00:53, 12 November 2025

History

Aims

Members

Former members

Suspensions

Timeline

1991

Leadership

See also

References

Further reading

External links

Navigation menu

Search