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imported>Fuzheado m Reverted edits by Orion Gavin Douglass (talk) to last version by 2600:387:8:5:0:0:0:66 |
imported>Camboxer m →October–December: typo |
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== Events == | == Events == | ||
<onlyinclude> | <onlyinclude> | ||
=== January–March === | === January–March === | ||
* [[January 16]] – The [[Medici]] | * [[January 16]] – The [[Medici]] family are made official bankers of the [[Papacy]]. | ||
* [[January 25]] – [[Ernest, Duke of Austria]], marries [[Cymburgis of Masovia]]. | * [[January 25]] – [[Ernest, Duke of Austria]], marries [[Cymburgis of Masovia]]. | ||
* [[January 29]] – The "[[Mining Code]]" (Zakon o Rudnishma) is enacted in [[Serbian Despotate|Serbia]] by the Despot [[Stefan Lazarević]] to regulate the extraction of minerals.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fine |first=John Van Antwerp Jr. |author-link=John Van Antwerp Fine Jr. |title=The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest |year=1994 |orig-year=1987 |location=Ann Arbor, Michigan |publisher=University of Michigan Press |pages=507, 569 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LvVbRrH1QBgC}}</ref> | * [[January 29]] – The "[[Mining Code]]" (Zakon o Rudnishma) is enacted in [[Serbian Despotate|Serbia]] by the Despot [[Stefan Lazarević]] to regulate the extraction of minerals.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fine |first=John Van Antwerp Jr. |author-link=John Van Antwerp Fine Jr. |title=The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest |year=1994 |orig-year=1987 |location=Ann Arbor, Michigan |publisher=University of Michigan Press |pages=507, 569 |isbn=0-472-08260-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LvVbRrH1QBgC}}</ref> | ||
* [[February 15]] – The [[Compromise of Caspe#Conflicts and deliberations|Alcañiz Concord]] is reached in the Spanish Aragonese city of [[Alcañiz]] to have a group of nine delegates choose an undisputed King of Aragon. | * [[February 15]] – The [[Compromise of Caspe#Conflicts and deliberations|Alcañiz Concord]] is reached in the Spanish Aragonese city of [[Alcañiz]] to have a group of nine delegates choose an undisputed King of Aragon. | ||
* [[February 27]] – [[Battle of Morvedre]]: In the Spanish [[Kingdom of Valencia]], supporters of [[Ferdinand I of Aragon|Ferdinand of Antequera]] defeat those of [[James II, Count of Urgell]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=HSFWFiHdBWgC&dq=batalla+de+murviedro+bellera&pg=PA131 El libro de la provincia de Castellón]</ref> | * [[February 27]] – [[Battle of Morvedre]]: In the Spanish [[Kingdom of Valencia]], supporters of [[Ferdinand I of Aragon|Ferdinand of Antequera]] defeat those of [[James II, Count of Urgell]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=HSFWFiHdBWgC&dq=batalla+de+murviedro+bellera&pg=PA131 El libro de la provincia de Castellón]</ref> | ||
* [[February 28]] – The [[University of St Andrews]] in Scotland is granted a charter of privilege by the local bishop.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mediaeval university|url=http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/media/court-office/documents/medieval_university.pdf|access-date=2022-07-24|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722053757/http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/media/court-office/documents/medieval_university.pdf|archive-date=2013-07-22}}</ref> | * [[February 28]] – The [[University of St Andrews]] in Scotland is granted a charter of privilege by the local bishop.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mediaeval university|url=http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/media/court-office/documents/medieval_university.pdf|access-date=2022-07-24|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722053757/http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/media/court-office/documents/medieval_university.pdf|archive-date=2013-07-22}}</ref> | ||
* [[March 29]] – [[Compromise of Caspe]]: Nine delegates are chosen in Spain in the town of [[Caspe]] to arrive at an agreement to resolve the question of which of six relatives of the late [[Martin I of Sicily|King Martin]] on May 31, 1410 | * [[March 29]] – [[Compromise of Caspe]]: Nine delegates are chosen in Spain in the town of [[Caspe]] to arrive at an agreement to resolve the question of which of six relatives of the late [[Martin I of Sicily|King Martin]] on May 31, 1410 should be the new King of Aragon. | ||
=== April–June === | === April–June === | ||
* [[April 12]] – [[Albert V, Duke of Mecklenburg|Albert V]], son of the former King of Sweden, [[Albert, King of Sweden|Duke Albert IV]], becomes the [[List of rulers of Mecklenburg|Duke of Mecklenburg]] ( | * [[April 12]] – [[Albert V, Duke of Mecklenburg|Albert V]], son of the former King of Sweden, [[Albert, King of Sweden|Duke Albert IV]], becomes the [[List of rulers of Mecklenburg|Duke of Mecklenburg]] (part of modern-day [[Germany]]) upon the death of his father. | ||
* [[May 7]] – In [[Cairo]], [[Al-Musta'in (Cairo)|Abu’l-Faḍl Abbas Al-Musta'in]], the [[List of Abbasid caliphs#Caliphs of Cairo (1261–1517)|Caliph of Cairo]], is installed by rebels as the new [[List of Mamluk sultans|Sultan of Egypt]] as a temporary replacement for his father, the Sultan An-Nasir Faraj.<ref name="Holt">{{Cite encyclopedia |last=Holt |first=Peter Malcolm |author-link=Peter Holt (historian)|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam|The Encyclopaedia of Islam: New Edition]] |title=Al-Musta'in (II) |edition=2nd |year=1993 |publisher=E.J. Brill |volume=VII (Mif – Naz) |location=Leiden |isbn=978-90-04-09419-2 |page=723}}</ref> Al-Musta'in serves as the puppet ruler for six months before he returns to full time duty as the Caliph. | * [[May 7]] – In [[Cairo]], [[Al-Musta'in (Cairo)|Abu’l-Faḍl Abbas Al-Musta'in]], the [[List of Abbasid caliphs#Caliphs of Cairo (1261–1517)|Caliph of Cairo]], is installed by rebels as the new [[List of Mamluk sultans|Sultan of Egypt]] as a temporary replacement for his father, the Sultan An-Nasir Faraj.<ref name="Holt">{{Cite encyclopedia |last=Holt |first=Peter Malcolm |author-link=Peter Holt (historian)|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam|The Encyclopaedia of Islam: New Edition]] |title=Al-Musta'in (II) |edition=2nd |year=1993 |publisher=E.J. Brill |volume=VII (Mif – Naz) |location=Leiden |isbn=978-90-04-09419-2 |page=723}}</ref> Al-Musta'in serves as the puppet ruler for six months before he returns to full time duty as the Caliph. | ||
* [[May 16]] – [[Gian Maria Visconti]], the [[List of dukes of Milan|Duke of Milan]] since [[1402]], is assassinated in front of the church of [[San Gottardo, Milan|San Gottardo]] in Milan by a party of [[Milan]]ese [[Ghibellines]] on the orders of his terminally ill rival, [[Facino Cane]]. Visconti is stabbed in the leg and then in his head.<ref>{{Cite book|first=Giorgio|last=Giulini|title = Continuazione delle memorie spettanti alla storia, al governo, ed alla descrizione della Città e della campagna di Milano nei Secoli Bassi|year = 1856|editor = Francesco Colombo|location=Milan|publisher = Massimo Fabi|volume =VI |pages=151–152}}</ref> [[Filippo Maria Visconti]], Gian Maria's son, becomes the new Duke of Milan. | * [[May 16]] – [[Gian Maria Visconti]], the [[List of dukes of Milan|Duke of Milan]] since [[1402]], is assassinated in front of the church of [[San Gottardo, Milan|San Gottardo]] in Milan by a party of [[Milan]]ese [[Ghibellines]] on the orders of his terminally ill rival, [[Facino Cane]]. Visconti is stabbed in the leg and then in his head.<ref>{{Cite book|first=Giorgio|last=Giulini|title = Continuazione delle memorie spettanti alla storia, al governo, ed alla descrizione della Città e della campagna di Milano nei Secoli Bassi|year = 1856|editor = Francesco Colombo|location=Milan|publisher = Massimo Fabi|volume =VI |pages=151–152}}</ref> [[Filippo Maria Visconti]], Gian Maria's son, becomes the new Duke of Milan. | ||
* [[May 18]] – The [[Treaty of Bourges]] is signed between King Henry IV of England and Charles, Duke of Orléans, as the [[Armagnac (party)|Armagnacs]] offer England full sovereignty over [[Aquitaine]] and [[Gascony]] in return for 4,000 troops and military aid against the [[Burgundians]] and [[John the Fearless]].<ref>{{Cite book | * [[May 18]] – The [[Treaty of Bourges]] is signed between King Henry IV of England and Charles, Duke of Orléans, as the [[Armagnac (party)|Armagnacs]] offer England full sovereignty over [[Aquitaine]] and [[Gascony]] in return for 4,000 troops and military aid against the [[Burgundians]] and [[John the Fearless]].<ref>{{Cite book |first=David |last=Green|title=The Hundred Years War: a people's history|date=2014|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-13451-3|location=New Haven|pages=44|oclc=876466903}}</ref> | ||
* [[May 23]] – [[An-Nasir Faraj]], the [[Mamluk Sultanate|Mamluk]] [[List of Mamluk sultans|Sultan of Egypt and Syria]], is stabbed to death in [[Damascus]] after surrendering to the Emirs of Syria. Nawruz al-Hafizi becomes ruler of the Syrian provinces and Faraj's son [[Al-Musta'in (Cairo)|Al-Musta'in]] is confirmed as ruler of the Egyptian territory.<ref name=Muir>{{cite book|title=The Mameluke; or, Slave dynasty of Egypt, 1260-1517, A. D.|first=William |last=Muir|author-link=William Muir|year=1896|publisher=Smith, Elder and Co.}}</ref> | * [[May 23]] – [[An-Nasir Faraj]], the [[Mamluk Sultanate|Mamluk]] [[List of Mamluk sultans|Sultan of Egypt and Syria]], is stabbed to death in [[Damascus]] after surrendering to the Emirs of Syria. Nawruz al-Hafizi becomes ruler of the Syrian provinces and Faraj's son [[Al-Musta'in (Cairo)|Al-Musta'in]] is confirmed as ruler of the Egyptian territory.<ref name=Muir>{{cite book|title=The Mameluke; or, Slave dynasty of Egypt, 1260-1517, A. D.|first=William |last=Muir|author-link=William Muir|year=1896|publisher=Smith, Elder and Co.}}</ref> | ||
* [[June 14]] – The [[Antipope John XXIII]] signs an agreement with King [[Ladislaus of Naples]], paying him 75,000 [[florin]]s (262.5 kg or 9,375 oz. of gold), investing Ladislaus with the Neapolitan crown, and naming him as [[Gonfalonier of the Church]] within the Papal States. In return, King Ladislaus agrees to expel Pope Benedict XII from Naples and to recognize John as the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kiesewetter |first=A. |title=LADISLAO d'Angiò Durazzo, re di Sicilia|url=http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/ladislao-d-angio-durazzo-re-di-sicilia_(Dizionario-Biografico)/ |work=Dizionario Enciclopedico degli Italiani |publisher=[[Enciclopedia Italiana]] |access-date=May 21, 2011}}</ref> | * [[June 14]] – The [[Antipope John XXIII]] signs an agreement with King [[Ladislaus of Naples]], paying him 75,000 [[florin]]s (262.5 kg or 9,375 oz. of gold), investing Ladislaus with the Neapolitan crown, and naming him as [[Gonfalonier of the Church]] within the Papal States. In return, King Ladislaus agrees to expel Pope Benedict XII from Naples and to recognize John as the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kiesewetter |first=A. |title=LADISLAO d'Angiò Durazzo, re di Sicilia|url=http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/ladislao-d-angio-durazzo-re-di-sicilia_(Dizionario-Biografico)/ |work=Dizionario Enciclopedico degli Italiani |publisher=[[Enciclopedia Italiana]] |access-date=May 21, 2011}}</ref> | ||
* [[June 24]] – [[Compromise of Caspe]]: By a vote of nine delegates (three each from the Kingdom of Aragon, the Kingdom of Valencia and the Principality of Catalonia), [[Ferdinand I of Aragon|Ferdinand of Antequera]] is selected as the new King of Aragon and King of Sicily, after a two year succession crisis that arose from 1410 death of | * [[June 24]] – [[Compromise of Caspe]]: By a vote of nine delegates (three each from the Kingdom of Aragon, the Kingdom of Valencia and the Principality of Catalonia), [[Ferdinand I of Aragon|Ferdinand of Antequera]] is selected as the new King of Aragon and King of Sicily, after a two year succession crisis that arose from 1410 death of [[Martin I of Sicily|King Martin]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Zurita |first=Jerome |date=1562 |title=Anales de la Corona de Aragón |trans-title=Annals of the Crown of Aragon|volume=XI|chapter=87}}</ref> | ||
* [[June 28]] – As the Compromise of Carpe is read aloud by Friar [[Vicent Ferrer]] before a crowd, Ferdinand I is proclaimed as the King of Aragon by the deleagates at Caspe.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Bonneaud |first=Pierre |title=Le Rôle politique des ordres militaires dans la Couronne d'Aragón pendant l'interrègne de 1410 à 1412 à travers les ''Anales'' de Zurita |journal=Aragón en la Edad Media |volume=14 |year=1999 |pages=131–132}}</ref> | * [[June 28]] – As the Compromise of Carpe is read aloud by Friar [[Vicent Ferrer]] before a crowd, Ferdinand I is proclaimed as the King of Aragon by the deleagates at Caspe.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Bonneaud |first=Pierre |title=Le Rôle politique des ordres militaires dans la Couronne d'Aragón pendant l'interrègne de 1410 à 1412 à travers les ''Anales'' de Zurita |journal=Aragón en la Edad Media |volume=14 |year=1999 |pages=131–132}}</ref> | ||
=== July–September === | === July–September === | ||
* [[July 24]] – [[Ignatius Behnam Hadloyo|Behnam Hadloyo]] becomes [[Syriac Orthodox Church|Syriac Orthodox]] Patriarch of Mardin.<ref>{{cite book | last1 =Barsoum| | * [[July 24]] – [[Ignatius Behnam Hadloyo|Behnam Hadloyo]] becomes [[Syriac Orthodox Church|Syriac Orthodox]] Patriarch of Mardin.<ref>{{cite book | last1 =Barsoum| first1=Ephrem |date=2003|title=The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences|edition=2nd|publisher=Gorgias Press|translator=Matti Moosa|authorlink=Ignatius Aphrem I Barsoum|page=497}}</ref> | ||
* [[August 14]] – The [[:fr:Paix d'Auxerre|Peace of Auxerre]] is signed between the Duchy of Burgundy and the Armagnacs, betrothing [[Philip, Count of Vertus]], younger brother of the late [[Louis I, Duke of Orléans]] to marry Catherine of Burgundy, the daughter of [[John the Fearless]]. The marriage never takes place. | * [[August 14]] – The [[:fr:Paix d'Auxerre|Peace of Auxerre]] is signed between the Duchy of Burgundy and the Armagnacs, betrothing [[Philip, Count of Vertus]], younger brother of the late [[Louis I, Duke of Orléans]] to marry Catherine of Burgundy, the daughter of [[John the Fearless]]. The marriage never takes place. | ||
* [[August 24]] – The [[Battle of Motta (1412)|Battle of Motta]] is fought when the [[Republic of Venice]] is forced to defend an invasion by an invading army of Hungarians, Germans and Croats.{{cite book|title=The manual of dates |url=https://archive.org/details/manualofdatesdic00town |first=George Henry | * [[August 24]] – The [[Battle of Motta (1412)|Battle of Motta]] is fought when the [[Republic of Venice]] is forced to defend an invasion by an invading army of Hungarians, Germans and Croats.<ref>{{cite book|title=The manual of dates|url=https://archive.org/details/manualofdatesdic00town|first=George Henry|last=Townsend|year=1862|place=London}}</ref> The invading force suffers a heavy defeat, losing 1,300 killed and 400 captured.<ref>{{cite book |title=Kriegsgeschichte |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_uoJDAAAAcAAJ |first=Carl W. |last=von Studenitz |date=1833 |place=Berlin}}</ref><ref name=FRD>{{cite book|title=Handbuch der Geschichte des Mittelalters |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_GVQMAAAAYAAJ |first=Friedrich |last=Rehm |date=1837 |place=Kassel}}</ref> | ||
* [[September 3]] – King [[Ferdinand I of Aragon]] is declared [[Count of Barcelona]]. | * [[September 3]] – King [[Ferdinand I of Aragon]] is declared [[Count of Barcelona]]. | ||
=== October–December === | === October–December === | ||
* [[October 5]] – (29th day of 8th month [[Ōei]] 19) [[Emperor Go-Komatsu of Japan|Emperor Go-Komatsu]] abdicates, and [[Emperor Shoko of Japan|Emperor Shoko]] accedes to the throne of [[Japan]]. | * [[October 5]] – (29th day of 8th month [[Ōei]] 19) [[Emperor Go-Komatsu of Japan|Emperor Go-Komatsu]] abdicates, and [[Emperor Shoko of Japan|Emperor Shoko]] accedes to the throne of [[Japan]]. | ||
* [[October 28]] – [[Eric of Pomerania]] becomes sole ruler of the [[Kalmar Union]] (Sweden, Denmark and Norway) | * [[October 28]] – [[Eric of Pomerania]] becomes sole ruler of the [[Kalmar Union]] (Sweden, Denmark and Norway) on the death of [[Margaret I of Denmark|Queen Margaret]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Wakefield|first1=Andrew|title=Queen Margaret of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden (1353–1412). 2005|url=http://departments.kings.edu/womens_history/margaretden.html|website=Prof. Pavlac's Women's History Resource Site|access-date=9 September 2016}}</ref> | ||
* [[November 6]] – The rebel Emir [[Al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh]] becomes the new [[List of Mamluk sultans|Mamluk Sultan of Egypt]] by forcing the reigning Sultan [[Al-Musta'in (Cairo)|Al-Musta'in]] | * [[November 6]] – The rebel Emir [[Al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh]] becomes the new [[List of Mamluk sultans|Mamluk Sultan of Egypt]] by forcing the reigning Sultan [[Al-Musta'in (Cairo)|Al-Musta'in]] to abdicate. Shaykh allows Al-Musta'in to continue as Caliph of Cairo.<ref name=Muir/> | ||
* [[November 8]] | * [[November 8]] (5th waxing of Nadaw [[Burmese calendar|774 ME]]) – [[Forty Years' War|Ava–Hanthawaddy War]]: In modern-day [[Myanmar]], King [[Razadarit]] of [[Kingdom of Hanthawaddy|Hanthawaddy]] leads the invasion of the city of [[Pyay|Prome]] with 4,000 troops.<ref>{{cite book |author=Maha Sithu |author-link=Twinthin Taikwun Maha Sithu |title=[[Yazawin Thit]] |publisher=Ya-Pyei Publishing| location=Yangon| orig-year=1798| year=2012| edition=2nd printing |language=my |volume=1 |page=239 |editor=Myint Swe |editor2=Kyaw Win |editor3=Thein Hlaing}}Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 (2012) p.239</ref> | ||
* [[December 1]] – King [[Henry IV of England]] issues a summons of the English Parliament for his final time, directing the members of Commons and the House of Lords to | * [[December 1]] – King [[Henry IV of England]] issues a summons of the English Parliament for his final time, directing the members of Commons and the House of Lords to assemble on February 3. | ||
* [[December 18]] – [[Ming dynasty|China]]'s [[Yongle Emperor]] orders the fourth of the [[Ming treasure voyages]], to be led by Admiral [[Zheng He]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Duyvendak |first=J. J. L. |title=The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century |journal=T'oung Pao |year=1939 |volume=34 |issue=5 | pages=373 |author-link=J. J. L. Duyvendak |jstor=4527170 | doi=10.1163/156853238X00171}}</ref> | * [[December 18]] – [[Ming dynasty|China]]'s [[Yongle Emperor|Emperor Cheng Zu]] orders the fourth of the [[Ming treasure voyages]], to be led by Admiral [[Zheng He]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Duyvendak |first=J. J. L. |title=The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century |journal=T'oung Pao |year=1939 |volume=34 |issue=5 | pages=373 |author-link=J. J. L. Duyvendak |jstor=4527170 | doi=10.1163/156853238X00171}}</ref> | ||
* [[December]] – [[Battle of Chalagan]]: The [[Kara Koyunlu]] Turkomans defeat the [[Kingdom of Georgia|Georgians]] under [[Constantine I of Georgia]], and their ally [[Ibrahim I of Shirvan]]. | * [[December]] – [[Battle of Chalagan]]: The [[Kara Koyunlu]] Turkomans defeat the [[Kingdom of Georgia|Georgians]] under [[Constantine I of Georgia]], and their ally [[Ibrahim I of Shirvan]]. | ||
| Line 44: | Line 43: | ||
* The first mention is made of [[Wallachia]]n knights competing in a [[jousting]] tournament, in [[Buda]]. | * The first mention is made of [[Wallachia]]n knights competing in a [[jousting]] tournament, in [[Buda]]. | ||
* [[John II of Castile]] declares the [[Valladolid]] laws, that restrict the social rights of [[Jew]]s. Among many other restrictions, the laws force Jews to wear distinctive clothes, and deny them administrative positions. | * [[John II of Castile]] declares the [[Valladolid]] laws, that restrict the social rights of [[Jew]]s. Among many other restrictions, the laws force Jews to wear distinctive clothes, and deny them administrative positions. | ||
* Years after its publication in the 14th century, the [[Ming | * Years after its publication in the 14th century, the [[Ming dynasty]] Chinese artillery officer [[Jiao Yu]] adds the preface to his classic book on [[gunpowder warfare]], the ''[[Huolongjing]]''. | ||
* The [[Black Death]] sweeps [[Kingdom of England|England]] for a final time, in a 60-year period.</onlyinclude> | |||
* The [[Black Death]] sweeps [[Kingdom of England|England]] for a final time, in a 60-year period. | |||
== Births == | == Births == | ||
| Line 64: | Line 62: | ||
* [[September 14]] – [[Ingegerd Knutsdotter]], Swedish abbess (b. [[1356]]) | * [[September 14]] – [[Ingegerd Knutsdotter]], Swedish abbess (b. [[1356]]) | ||
* [[October 28]] – [[Margaret I of Denmark]], queen regnant of Denmark of Norway since [[1387]] and of Sweden since [[1389]] (b. [[1353]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Edward A. Thomas|title=Comprehensive Dictionary of Biography: Containing Succinct Accounts of the Most Eminent Persons in All Ages, Countries, and Professions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xfIMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA379|year=1888|publisher=Porter & Coates|pages=379}}</ref> | * [[October 28]] – [[Margaret I of Denmark]], queen regnant of Denmark of Norway since [[1387]] and of Sweden since [[1389]] (b. [[1353]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Edward A. Thomas|title=Comprehensive Dictionary of Biography: Containing Succinct Accounts of the Most Eminent Persons in All Ages, Countries, and Professions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xfIMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA379|year=1888|publisher=Porter & Coates|pages=379}}</ref> | ||
* ''date unknown'' – [[Ignatius Abraham bar Garib]], Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Mardin<ref>{{cite book | last1 =Barsoum| | * ''date unknown'' – [[Ignatius Abraham bar Garib]], Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Mardin<ref>{{cite book | last1 =Barsoum| first1=Ephrem |date=2003|title=The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences|edition=2nd|publisher=Gorgias Press|translator=Matti Moosa|authorlink=Ignatius Aphrem I Barsoum|page=495}}</ref> | ||
* ''date unknown'' – [[Jalal ad-Din khan]], khan of the Golden Horde | * ''date unknown'' – [[Jalal ad-Din khan]], khan of the Golden Horde | ||
Latest revision as of 20:22, 13 November 2025
Template:About year Template:Year nav
Script error: No such module "Sidebar". Script error: No such module "Year in various calendars".Year 1412 (MCDXII) was a leap year starting on Friday on the Julian calendar.
Events
January–March
- January 16 – The Medici family are made official bankers of the Papacy.
- January 25 – Ernest, Duke of Austria, marries Cymburgis of Masovia.
- January 29 – The "Mining Code" (Zakon o Rudnishma) is enacted in Serbia by the Despot Stefan Lazarević to regulate the extraction of minerals.[1]
- February 15 – The Alcañiz Concord is reached in the Spanish Aragonese city of Alcañiz to have a group of nine delegates choose an undisputed King of Aragon.
- February 27 – Battle of Morvedre: In the Spanish Kingdom of Valencia, supporters of Ferdinand of Antequera defeat those of James II, Count of Urgell.[2]
- February 28 – The University of St Andrews in Scotland is granted a charter of privilege by the local bishop.[3]
- March 29 – Compromise of Caspe: Nine delegates are chosen in Spain in the town of Caspe to arrive at an agreement to resolve the question of which of six relatives of the late King Martin on May 31, 1410 should be the new King of Aragon.
April–June
- April 12 – Albert V, son of the former King of Sweden, Duke Albert IV, becomes the Duke of Mecklenburg (part of modern-day Germany) upon the death of his father.
- May 7 – In Cairo, Abu’l-Faḍl Abbas Al-Musta'in, the Caliph of Cairo, is installed by rebels as the new Sultan of Egypt as a temporary replacement for his father, the Sultan An-Nasir Faraj.[4] Al-Musta'in serves as the puppet ruler for six months before he returns to full time duty as the Caliph.
- May 16 – Gian Maria Visconti, the Duke of Milan since 1402, is assassinated in front of the church of San Gottardo in Milan by a party of Milanese Ghibellines on the orders of his terminally ill rival, Facino Cane. Visconti is stabbed in the leg and then in his head.[5] Filippo Maria Visconti, Gian Maria's son, becomes the new Duke of Milan.
- May 18 – The Treaty of Bourges is signed between King Henry IV of England and Charles, Duke of Orléans, as the Armagnacs offer England full sovereignty over Aquitaine and Gascony in return for 4,000 troops and military aid against the Burgundians and John the Fearless.[6]
- May 23 – An-Nasir Faraj, the Mamluk Sultan of Egypt and Syria, is stabbed to death in Damascus after surrendering to the Emirs of Syria. Nawruz al-Hafizi becomes ruler of the Syrian provinces and Faraj's son Al-Musta'in is confirmed as ruler of the Egyptian territory.[7]
- June 14 – The Antipope John XXIII signs an agreement with King Ladislaus of Naples, paying him 75,000 florins (262.5 kg or 9,375 oz. of gold), investing Ladislaus with the Neapolitan crown, and naming him as Gonfalonier of the Church within the Papal States. In return, King Ladislaus agrees to expel Pope Benedict XII from Naples and to recognize John as the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church.[8]
- June 24 – Compromise of Caspe: By a vote of nine delegates (three each from the Kingdom of Aragon, the Kingdom of Valencia and the Principality of Catalonia), Ferdinand of Antequera is selected as the new King of Aragon and King of Sicily, after a two year succession crisis that arose from 1410 death of King Martin.[9]
- June 28 – As the Compromise of Carpe is read aloud by Friar Vicent Ferrer before a crowd, Ferdinand I is proclaimed as the King of Aragon by the deleagates at Caspe.[10]
July–September
- July 24 – Behnam Hadloyo becomes Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Mardin.[11]
- August 14 – The Peace of Auxerre is signed between the Duchy of Burgundy and the Armagnacs, betrothing Philip, Count of Vertus, younger brother of the late Louis I, Duke of Orléans to marry Catherine of Burgundy, the daughter of John the Fearless. The marriage never takes place.
- August 24 – The Battle of Motta is fought when the Republic of Venice is forced to defend an invasion by an invading army of Hungarians, Germans and Croats.[12] The invading force suffers a heavy defeat, losing 1,300 killed and 400 captured.[13][14]
- September 3 – King Ferdinand I of Aragon is declared Count of Barcelona.
October–December
- October 5 – (29th day of 8th month Ōei 19) Emperor Go-Komatsu abdicates, and Emperor Shoko accedes to the throne of Japan.
- October 28 – Eric of Pomerania becomes sole ruler of the Kalmar Union (Sweden, Denmark and Norway) on the death of Queen Margaret.[15]
- November 6 – The rebel Emir Al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh becomes the new Mamluk Sultan of Egypt by forcing the reigning Sultan Al-Musta'in to abdicate. Shaykh allows Al-Musta'in to continue as Caliph of Cairo.[7]
- November 8 (5th waxing of Nadaw 774 ME) – Ava–Hanthawaddy War: In modern-day Myanmar, King Razadarit of Hanthawaddy leads the invasion of the city of Prome with 4,000 troops.[16]
- December 1 – King Henry IV of England issues a summons of the English Parliament for his final time, directing the members of Commons and the House of Lords to assemble on February 3.
- December 18 – China's Emperor Cheng Zu orders the fourth of the Ming treasure voyages, to be led by Admiral Zheng He.[17]
- December – Battle of Chalagan: The Kara Koyunlu Turkomans defeat the Georgians under Constantine I of Georgia, and their ally Ibrahim I of Shirvan.
Date unknown
- The first mention is made of Wallachian knights competing in a jousting tournament, in Buda.
- John II of Castile declares the Valladolid laws, that restrict the social rights of Jews. Among many other restrictions, the laws force Jews to wear distinctive clothes, and deny them administrative positions.
- Years after its publication in the 14th century, the Ming dynasty Chinese artillery officer Jiao Yu adds the preface to his classic book on gunpowder warfare, the Huolongjing.
- The Black Death sweeps England for a final time, in a 60-year period.
Births
- January 6 – Joan of Arc, French soldier and saint (tradition holds that she was born on the Feast of the Epiphany, but there is no documentary evidence) (d. 1431)
- January 26 – William IV, Lord of Egmont, IJsselstein, Schoonderwoerd and Haastrecht and Stadtholder of Guelders (d. 1483)
- April 22 – Reinhard III, Count of Hanau (1451–1452) (d. 1452)
- June 5 – Ludovico III Gonzaga, Marquis of Mantua (d. 1478)
- August 22 – Frederick II, Elector of Saxony and Margrave of Meissen (1428–1464) and Landgrave of Thuringia (1440–1445) (d. 1464)
- November 17 – Zanobi Strozzi, Italian painter (d. 1468)
- December 8 – Astorre II Manfredi, Italian noble (d. 1468)
Deaths
- March – Albrekt of Mecklenburg, king of Sweden 1364–1389 (b. 1336)
- April 2 – Ruy Gonzáles de Clavijo, Castilian traveller and writer
- May 16 – Gian Maria Visconti, Duke of Milan
- August 6 – Margherita of Durazzo, Queen consort of Charles III of Naples (b. 1347)
- September 14 – Ingegerd Knutsdotter, Swedish abbess (b. 1356)
- October 28 – Margaret I of Denmark, queen regnant of Denmark of Norway since 1387 and of Sweden since 1389 (b. 1353)[18]
- date unknown – Ignatius Abraham bar Garib, Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Mardin[19]
- date unknown – Jalal ad-Din khan, khan of the Golden Horde
References
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 (2012) p.239
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