Microlophus: Difference between revisions

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{{For|a taxonomic synonym of a genus of plants|Centaurea}}
{{For|a taxonomic synonym of a genus of plants|Centaurea}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Microlophus female.JPG
| image = Microlophus peruvianus 447780594.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Microlophus albemarlensis]]'', female, a Galápagos endemic
| image_caption = ''[[Microlophus peruvianus]]''
| taxon = Microlophus
| taxon = Microlophus
| authority = [[André Marie Constant Duméril|A.M.C. Duméril]] & [[Gabriel Bibron|Bibron]], 1837
| authority = [[André Marie Constant Duméril|A.M.C. Duméril]] & [[Gabriel Bibron|Bibron]], 1837
Line 15: Line 15:


The distribution of the lava lizards and their variations in shape, colour, and behaviour show the phenomenon of [[adaptive radiation]] so typical of the inhabitants of this archipelago. One species occurs on all the central and western islands, which were perhaps connected during periods of lower sea levels, while one species each occurs on six other more peripheral [[island]]s. All have most likely evolved from a single ancestral species. However, as usual for the Tropiduridae, they can change their colour individually to some extent, and members of the same species occurring in different habitats also show colour differences. Thus, animals living mainly on dark [[lava]] are darker than ones that live in lighter, sandy environments.
The distribution of the lava lizards and their variations in shape, colour, and behaviour show the phenomenon of [[adaptive radiation]] so typical of the inhabitants of this archipelago. One species occurs on all the central and western islands, which were perhaps connected during periods of lower sea levels, while one species each occurs on six other more peripheral [[island]]s. All have most likely evolved from a single ancestral species. However, as usual for the Tropiduridae, they can change their colour individually to some extent, and members of the same species occurring in different habitats also show colour differences. Thus, animals living mainly on dark [[lava]] are darker than ones that live in lighter, sandy environments.
== Evolution ==
=== Galápagos adaptive radiation ===
The genus ''Microlophus'' colonized the Galápagos archipelago on two separate occasions, both during the [[Pleistocene]]. Most of the Galápagos [[Endemism|endemic]] species [[Adaptive radiation|radiated]] from the first colonization event known as the Western radiation. Two species, ''[[Microlophus bivittatus|M. bivittatus]]'' and ''[[Microlophus habelii|M. habelii]]'', radiated from the second colonization event, and are sister to the continental species ''[[Microlophus occipitalis|M. occipitalis]]''.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Benavides" />
Historically, the species ''[[Microlophus albemarlensis|M. albemarlensis]]'' was considered to occur on Isabela, Fernandina, Santiago, Santa Cruz, and Santa Fe islands. The species was later realized to actually be a [[species complex]], and more recently, the Santiago, Santa Cruz, and Santa Fe populations have been given species status as ''[[Microlophus jacobii|M. jacobii]]'', ''[[Microlophus indefatigabilis|M. indefatigabilis]]'', and ''[[Microlophus barringtonensis|M. barringtonensis]]'', respectively. This restricts the range of ''M. albemarlensis'' to the Isabela and Fernandina islands.<ref name="Benavides" />
{{Clear}}


==Species==
==Species==
[[File:Lava-espanola-male.jpg|thumb|''[[Microlophus delanonis]]'', male, endemic to [[Española Island]], the Galápagos]]
Listed alphabetically by [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]].<ref>[http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/advanced_search?genus=Microlophus&exact%5B0%5D=genus&submit=Search ''Microlophus'']. The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.</ref>
[[File:Microlophus occipitalis02.jpg|thumb|''[[Microlophus occipitalis]]'' in Peru]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
Listed alphabetically by [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]].<ref>[http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/advanced_search?genus=Microlophus&exact%5B0%5D=genus&submit=Search ''Microlophus'']. The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.</ref> (* endemic to the Galapágos Islands).
|+
*''[[Microlophus albemarlensis]]'' {{small|([[Georg Baur|Baur]], 1890)}} – Galápagos lava lizard*
!Species
*''[[Microlophus arenarius]]'' {{small|([[Johann Jakob von Tschudi|Tschudi]], 1845)}}
!Common name
*''[[Microlophus atacamensis]]'' {{small|([[:es:Roberto Donoso-Barros|Donoso-Barros]], 1960)}} – Atacamen Pacific iguana
!Distribution
*''[[Microlophus barringtonensis]]'' {{small|([[Georg Baur|Baur]], 1892)}} – Santa Fe lava lizard*
!Image
*''[[Microlophus bivittatus]]'' {{small|([[Wilhelm Peters|W. Peters]], 1871)}} – San Cristóbal lava lizard*
|-
*''[[Microlophus delanonis]]'' {{small|(Baur, 1890)}} – Española lava lizard or Hood lava lizard*
|''[[Microlophus albemarlensis]]''
*''[[Microlophus duncanensis]]'' {{small|(Baur, 1890)}} – Pinzón lava lizard*
{{small|([[Georg Baur|Baur]], 1890)}}
*''[[Microlophus grayii]]'' {{small|([[Thomas Bell (zoologist)|Bell]], 1843)}} – Floreana lava lizard*
|Galápagos lava lizard,
*''[[Microlophus habelii]]'' {{small|([[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1876)}} – Marchena lava lizard*
Isabela lava lizard
*''[[Microlophus heterolepis]]'' {{small|([[Arend Friedrich August Wiegmann|Wiegmann]], 1834)}}
|Galápagos
*''[[Microlophus indefatigabilis]]'' {{small|(Baur, 1890)}} – Santa Cruz lava lizard *
([[Isabela Island (Galápagos)|Isabela]], [[Fernandina Island|Fernandina]])
*''[[Microlophus jacobi|Microlophus jacobii]]'' {{small|([[Georg Baur|Baur]], 1892)}} Santiago lava lizard *
|[[File:Microlophus albemarlensis 263182087 (cropped).jpg|frameless]]
*''[[Microlophus koepckeorum]]'' {{small|([[Robert Mertens|Mertens]], 1956)}} – Frost's iguana
|-
*''[[Microlophus occipitalis]]'' {{small|(W. Peters, 1871)}} – knobbed Pacific iguana
|''[[Microlophus arenarius]]''
*''[[Microlophus pacificus]]'' {{small|(Steindachner, 1876)}} – Pinta lava lizard or common Pacific iguana*
{{small|([[Johann Jakob von Tschudi|Tschudi]], 1845)}}
*''[[Microlophus peruvianus]]'' {{small|([[René Primevère Lesson|Lesson]], 1830)}} – Peru Pacific iguana
|
*''[[Microlophus quadrivittatus]]'' {{small|([[Johann Jakob von Tschudi|Tschudi]], 1845)}} – four-banded Pacific iguana
|Peru
*''[[Microlophus tarapacensis]]'' {{small|(Donoso-Barros, 1966)}} – Tarapaca Pacific iguana
|
*''[[Microlophus theresiae]]'' {{small|(Steindachner, 1901)}} – Theresia's Pacific iguana
|-
*''[[Microlophus theresioides]]'' {{small|(Donoso-Barros, 1966)}} – ''corredor de pica'' (in Spanish)
|''[[Microlophus atacamensis]]''
*''[[Microlophus thoracicus]]'' {{small|(Tschudi, 1845)}} – Tschudi's Pacific iguana
{{small|([[:es:Roberto Donoso-Barros|Donoso-Barros]], 1960)}}
*''[[Microlophus tigris]]'' {{small|(Tschudi, 1845)}} – tiger Pacific iguana
|Atacamen Pacific iguana
*''[[Microlophus yanezi]]'' {{small|([[species:Juan Carlos Ortíz-Zapata|Ortiz-Zapata]], 1980)}} – Yanez's lava lizard
|Chile
 
|[[File:Microlophus atacamensis 450587895 (cropped).jpg|frameless]]
|-
|''[[Microlophus barringtonensis]]''
{{small|([[Georg Baur|Baur]], 1892)}}
|Santa Fe lava lizard
|Galápagos ([[Santa Fe Island|Santa Fe]])
|[[File:Galápagos Lava Lizard 01 (cropped 2).jpg|frameless]]
|-
|''[[Microlophus bivittatus]]''
{{small|([[Wilhelm Peters|W. Peters]], 1871)}}
|San Cristóbal lava lizard
|Galápagos ([[San Cristóbal Island|San Cristóbal]])
|[[File:Microlophus bivittatus 265188138 (cropped).jpg|frameless]]
|-
|''[[Microlophus delanonis]]''
{{small|(Baur, 1890)}}
|Española lava lizard,
Hood lava lizard
|Galápagos ([[Española Island|Española]])
|[[File:Lava-espanola-male (cropped).jpg|frameless]]
|-
|''[[Microlophus duncanensis]]''
{{small|(Baur, 1890)}}
|Pinzón lava lizard
|Galápagos ([[Pinzón Island|Pinzón]])
|
|-
|''[[Microlophus grayii]]''
{{small|([[Thomas Bell (zoologist)|Bell]], 1843)}}
|Floreana lava lizard
|Galápagos ([[Floreana]])
|[[File:Microlophus grayii 557316286 (cropped).jpg|frameless]]
|-
|''[[Microlophus habelii]]''
{{small|([[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1876)}}
|Marchena lava lizard
|Galápagos ([[Marchena Island|Marchena]])
|
|-
|''[[Microlophus heterolepis]]''
{{small|([[Arend Friedrich August Wiegmann|Wiegmann]], 1834)}}
|
|Chile, Peru
|
|-
|''[[Microlophus indefatigabilis]]''
{{small|(Baur, 1890)}}
|Santa Cruz lava lizard
|Galápagos ([[Santa Cruz Island (Galápagos)|Santa Cruz]])
|[[File:Lagartija de lava de Galápagos (Microlophus albemarlensis), isla Santa Cruz, islas Galápagos, Ecuador, 2015-07-26, DD 37 (cropped).JPG|frameless]]
|-
|''[[Microlophus jacobi|Microlophus jacobii]]''
{{small|([[Georg Baur|Baur]], 1892)}}
|Santiago lava lizard
|Galápagos
([[Santiago Island (Galápagos)|Santiago]], [[Bartolomé Island|Bartolomé]], [[Rábida Island|Rábida]])
|[[File:Microlophus jacobii 466949736 (cropped).jpg|frameless]]
|-
|''[[Microlophus koepckeorum]]''
{{small|([[Robert Mertens|Mertens]], 1956)}}
|Frost's iguana
|Peru
|[[File:Microlophus koepckeorum (cropped).jpg|frameless]]
|-
|''[[Microlophus occipitalis]]''
{{small|(W. Peters, 1871)}}
|knobbed Pacific iguana
|Peru, Ecuador
|[[File:Microlophus occipitalis02.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|''[[Microlophus pacificus]]''
{{small|(Steindachner, 1876)}}
|Pinta lava lizard,
common Pacific iguana
|Galápagos ([[Pinta Island|Pinta]])
|[[File:Microlophus pacificus dorsal.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|''[[Microlophus peruvianus]]''
{{small|([[René Primevère Lesson|Lesson]], 1830)}}
|Peru Pacific iguana
|Ecuador, Peru, Chile
|[[File:Microlophus peruvianus 186911161 (cropped).jpg|frameless]]
|-
|''[[Microlophus quadrivittatus]]''
{{small|([[Johann Jakob von Tschudi|Tschudi]], 1845)}}
|four-banded Pacific iguana
|Peru, Chile
|[[File:Microlophus quadrivittatus 356881193 (cropped).jpg|frameless]]
|-
|''[[Microlophus slevini]]''
<small>Torres-Carvajal, 2024</small>
|Slevin’s lava lizard
|Galápagos (Gardner)<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Torres-Carvajal |first=Omar |date=2024-03-20 |title=A new species of lava lizard (Iguanidae: Tropidurinae: Microlophus) from the Galápagos |url=https://mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.5428.1.2 |journal=Zootaxa |language=en |volume=5428 |issue=1 |pages=58–74 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.5428.1.2 |issn=1175-5334}}</ref>
|
|-
|''[[Microlophus tarapacensis]]''
{{small|(Donoso-Barros, 1966)}}
|Tarapaca Pacific iguana
|Chile
|
|-
|''[[Microlophus theresiae]]''
{{small|(Steindachner, 1901)}}
|Theresia's Pacific iguana
|Peru
|
|-
|''[[Microlophus theresioides]]''
{{small|(Donoso-Barros, 1966)}}
|''corredor de pica'' (in Spanish)
|Chile
|[[File:Microlophus theresioides 61091985 (cropped).jpg|frameless]]
|-
|''[[Microlophus thoracicus]]''
{{small|(Tschudi, 1845)}}
|Tschudi's Pacific iguana
|Peru
|[[File:Microlophus thoracicus 55164151.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|''[[Microlophus tigris]]''
{{small|(Tschudi, 1845)}}
|tiger Pacific iguana
|Peru
|[[File:Microlophus tigris 186024538 (cropped).jpg|frameless]]
|-
|''[[Microlophus yanezi]]''
{{small|([[species:Juan Carlos Ortíz-Zapata|Ortiz-Zapata]], 1980)}}
|Yanez's lava lizard
|Chile
|[[File:Microlophus yanezi 471871006 (cropped).jpg|frameless]]
|}
''[[Nota bene]]'': A [[Binomial nomenclature|binomial authority]] in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than ''Microlophus''.
''[[Nota bene]]'': A [[Binomial nomenclature|binomial authority]] in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than ''Microlophus''.


Latest revision as of 21:27, 7 October 2025

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "For". Template:Automatic taxobox

Microlophus is a genus of tropidurid lizards native to South America. Around 20 species are recognized and 10 of these are endemic to the Galápagos Islands,Template:Efn where they are commonly known as lava lizards[1][2] (they are sometimes placed in Tropidurus instead). The remaining, which often are called Pacific iguanas, are found in the Andes and along the Pacific coasts of Chile, Peru, and Ecuador.

The distribution of the lava lizards and their variations in shape, colour, and behaviour show the phenomenon of adaptive radiation so typical of the inhabitants of this archipelago. One species occurs on all the central and western islands, which were perhaps connected during periods of lower sea levels, while one species each occurs on six other more peripheral islands. All have most likely evolved from a single ancestral species. However, as usual for the Tropiduridae, they can change their colour individually to some extent, and members of the same species occurring in different habitats also show colour differences. Thus, animals living mainly on dark lava are darker than ones that live in lighter, sandy environments.

Evolution

Galápagos adaptive radiation

The genus Microlophus colonized the Galápagos archipelago on two separate occasions, both during the Pleistocene. Most of the Galápagos endemic species radiated from the first colonization event known as the Western radiation. Two species, M. bivittatus and M. habelii, radiated from the second colonization event, and are sister to the continental species M. occipitalis.[3][2]

Historically, the species M. albemarlensis was considered to occur on Isabela, Fernandina, Santiago, Santa Cruz, and Santa Fe islands. The species was later realized to actually be a species complex, and more recently, the Santiago, Santa Cruz, and Santa Fe populations have been given species status as M. jacobii, M. indefatigabilis, and M. barringtonensis, respectively. This restricts the range of M. albemarlensis to the Isabela and Fernandina islands.[2]

Species

Listed alphabetically by specific name.[4]

Species Common name Distribution Image
Microlophus albemarlensis

(Baur, 1890)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Galápagos lava lizard,

Isabela lava lizard

Galápagos

(Isabela, Fernandina)

File:Microlophus albemarlensis 263182087 (cropped).jpg
Microlophus arenarius

(Tschudi, 1845)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Peru
Microlophus atacamensis

(Donoso-Barros, 1960)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Atacamen Pacific iguana Chile File:Microlophus atacamensis 450587895 (cropped).jpg
Microlophus barringtonensis

(Baur, 1892)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Santa Fe lava lizard Galápagos (Santa Fe) File:Galápagos Lava Lizard 01 (cropped 2).jpg
Microlophus bivittatus

(W. Peters, 1871)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

San Cristóbal lava lizard Galápagos (San Cristóbal) File:Microlophus bivittatus 265188138 (cropped).jpg
Microlophus delanonis

(Baur, 1890)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Española lava lizard,

Hood lava lizard

Galápagos (Española) File:Lava-espanola-male (cropped).jpg
Microlophus duncanensis

(Baur, 1890)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Pinzón lava lizard Galápagos (Pinzón)
Microlophus grayii

(Bell, 1843)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Floreana lava lizard Galápagos (Floreana) File:Microlophus grayii 557316286 (cropped).jpg
Microlophus habelii

(Steindachner, 1876)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Marchena lava lizard Galápagos (Marchena)
Microlophus heterolepis

(Wiegmann, 1834)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Chile, Peru
Microlophus indefatigabilis

(Baur, 1890)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Santa Cruz lava lizard Galápagos (Santa Cruz) File:Lagartija de lava de Galápagos (Microlophus albemarlensis), isla Santa Cruz, islas Galápagos, Ecuador, 2015-07-26, DD 37 (cropped).JPG
Microlophus jacobii

(Baur, 1892)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Santiago lava lizard Galápagos

(Santiago, Bartolomé, Rábida)

File:Microlophus jacobii 466949736 (cropped).jpg
Microlophus koepckeorum

(Mertens, 1956)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Frost's iguana Peru File:Microlophus koepckeorum (cropped).jpg
Microlophus occipitalis

(W. Peters, 1871)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

knobbed Pacific iguana Peru, Ecuador File:Microlophus occipitalis02.jpg
Microlophus pacificus

(Steindachner, 1876)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Pinta lava lizard,

common Pacific iguana

Galápagos (Pinta) File:Microlophus pacificus dorsal.jpg
Microlophus peruvianus

(Lesson, 1830)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Peru Pacific iguana Ecuador, Peru, Chile File:Microlophus peruvianus 186911161 (cropped).jpg
Microlophus quadrivittatus

(Tschudi, 1845)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

four-banded Pacific iguana Peru, Chile File:Microlophus quadrivittatus 356881193 (cropped).jpg
Microlophus slevini

Torres-Carvajal, 2024

Slevin’s lava lizard Galápagos (Gardner)[3]
Microlophus tarapacensis

(Donoso-Barros, 1966)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Tarapaca Pacific iguana Chile
Microlophus theresiae

(Steindachner, 1901)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Theresia's Pacific iguana Peru
Microlophus theresioides

(Donoso-Barros, 1966)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

corredor de pica (in Spanish) Chile File:Microlophus theresioides 61091985 (cropped).jpg
Microlophus thoracicus

(Tschudi, 1845)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Tschudi's Pacific iguana Peru File:Microlophus thoracicus 55164151.jpg
Microlophus tigris

(Tschudi, 1845)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

tiger Pacific iguana Peru File:Microlophus tigris 186024538 (cropped).jpg
Microlophus yanezi

(Ortiz-Zapata, 1980)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Yanez's lava lizard Chile File:Microlophus yanezi 471871006 (cropped).jpg

Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Microlophus.

References

Template:Notelist

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ Fitter, Julian; Fitter, Daniel; Hosking, David (2000). Wildlife of the Galalpagos. Updated Edition. Princeton University Press. p.94.
  2. ↑ a b c Benavides, Edgar; Baum, Rebecca; Snell, Heidi M.; Snell, Howard L.; Sites, Jack W., Jr. (2009). "Island Biogeography of Galápagos Lava Lizards (Tropiduridae: Microlophus): Species Diversity and Colonization of the Archipelago". Template:Webarchive (.pdf) Evolution 63 (6): 1606–1626.
  3. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Microlophus. The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.

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Template:Sister project Template:Sister project

Further reading

  • Duméril AMC, Bibron G (1837). Erpétologie générale ou Histoire naturelle complète des Reptiles. Tome quatrième [Volume 4]. Paris: Roret. ii + 571 pp. (Microlophus, new genus, pp. 334–335). (in French).


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